【从零开始】PythonOCC

1. 三维展示

如果需要进行三维展示，要求Python安装了可视化界面的相关的包，例如PyQt5, PyQt4, PySide2, PySide, or wxPython。在三维展示的时候，我的电脑会有这样的错误：Error! OpenGL context reports version 4.6 but does not export required functions for 4.5 (glGetnTexImage)。这个错误我找了很久也没有什么解决办法，不过好像有些展示没有影响。

三维展示用到的包是OCC.Display，一个简单的案例如下：

from OCC.Display.SimpleGui import init_display
from OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakeBoxdisplay, start_display, add_menu, add_function_to_menu = init_display()
my_box = BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox(10., 20., 30.).Shape()display.DisplayShape(my_box, update=True)
start_display()

首先是创建了一个长方体，然后展示出来，如下图所示：

如果要保存视图，则可以通过display.View.Dump()函数实现：

def export_to_BMP(event=None):display.View.Dump('./capture_bmp.bmp')def export_to_PNG(event=None):display.View.Dump('./capture_png.png')def export_to_JPEG(event=None):display.View.Dump('./capture_jpeg.jpeg')def export_to_TIFF(event=None):display.View.Dump('./capture_tiff.tiff')

同时，可以指定导出的视角，例如正视图，可以通过display.View_Front()实现：

display.DisplayShape(my_box, update=True)
display.View_Front()
display.View.Dump('capture_jpeg.jpeg')

同理，View_Bottom()表示仰视图，View_Front()表示正视图，View_Left()表示左视图，View_Right()表示右视图，View_Top()表示俯视图。这些对于display的相关操作都在OCC.Display.OCCViewer模块中。

可以通过display.set_bg_gradient_color([R1, G1, B1], [R2, G2, B2])来设置背景色，具体可以参照OCC.V3d这个包。如果 R 1 = R 2 R1=R2 R1=R2、 G 1 = G 2 G1=G2 G1=G2、 B 1 = B 2 B1=B2 B1=B2，则背景色为一个颜色，否则为渐变色。

2. 基本的几何操作

2.1 建立坐标轴

from OCC.Core.gp import gp_Pnt, gp_Dir, gp_Ax3p1 = gp_Pnt(2., 3., 4.) # 建立原点
d = gp_Dir(4., 5., 6.) # 建立一个方向
a = gp_Ax3(p1, d) # 根据原点和方向，建立三维坐标轴
a_IsDirect = a.Direct() # 判断该坐标系是否遵循右手法则，是则返回True，否则返回False
print("a is direct:", a_IsDirect)

建立坐标轴主要由包OCC.Core.gp完成。首先需要建立坐标轴的原点，然后确定坐标轴的方向，最后通过gp_Ax3()建立三维坐标轴。

2.2 获取三维物体的包围盒

参考资料
PYTHONOCC进阶学习：包围盒BOUNDINGBOX

获取三维形状的包围盒主要通过包OCC.Bnd和OCC.BRepBndLib来完成。

# 获取包围盒
bbox = Bnd_Box() # 首先创建一个空的包围盒
tol= 1e-4
bbox.SetGap(tol)
brepbndlib_Add(crossSections, bbox, True) # 将形状添加到包围盒中
XMin, YMin, ZMin, XMax, YMax, ZMax = bbox.Get() # 获取包围盒的信息

案例：

from OCC.Core.BRepBndLib import brepbndlib_Add
from OCC.Core.BRepMesh import BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh
from OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox, BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder
from OCC.Core.Bnd import Bnd_Box
from OCC.Core.gp import gp_Pnt
from OCC.Display.OCCViewer import rgb_colorshape = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(60, 60, 50).Shape()# 获取包围盒
bbox = Bnd_Box() # 首先创建一个空的包围盒
tol= 1e-4
bbox.SetGap(tol)
brepbndlib_Add(shape, bbox, True) # 将形状添加到包围盒中
XMin, YMin, ZMin, XMax, YMax, ZMax = bbox.Get() # 获取包围盒的信息# 绘制包围盒
xmin = XMin
xmax = XMax
xlen = XMax - XMin
ymin = YMin
ymax = YMax
ylen = YMax - YMin
zmin = ZMin
zmax = ZMax
zlen = ZMax - ZMincenter = gp_Pnt((XMax + XMin) / 2,(YMax + YMin) / 2,(ZMax + ZMin) / 2)
box = BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox(gp_Pnt(xmin,ymin,zmin),gp_Pnt(xmax,ymax,zmax)).Shape()from OCC.Display.SimpleGui import init_display
display, start_display, add_menu, add_function_to_menu = init_display()
display.DisplayShape(shape)
display.DisplayShape(box,update=True,color=rgb_color(0,0,0.1),transparency=1)
start_display()

可以得到结果如下图所示：

上述代码获取的是轴对齐包围盒（AABB），如果要获取有向包围盒（OBB），则需要调用Bnd_OBB()和brepbndlib_AddOBB()。例如：

import randomfrom OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox
from OCC.Core.gp import gp_Pnt, gp_Ax2, gp_Dir, gp_XYZ
from OCC.Core.BRepBndLib import brepbndlib_AddOBB, brepbndlib_Add
from OCC.Core.Bnd import Bnd_OBB, Bnd_Box
from OCC.Core.BRepBuilderAPI import BRepBuilderAPI_MakeVertex
from OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakeBoxfrom OCC.Display.SimpleGui import init_displaydisplay, start_display, add_menu, add_function_to_menu = init_display()def ConvertBndToShape(theBox):aBaryCenter = theBox.Center()aXDir = theBox.XDirection()aYDir = theBox.YDirection()aZDir = theBox.ZDirection()aHalfX = theBox.XHSize()aHalfY = theBox.YHSize()aHalfZ = theBox.ZHSize()ax = gp_XYZ(aXDir.X(), aXDir.Y(), aXDir.Z())ay = gp_XYZ(aYDir.X(), aYDir.Y(), aYDir.Z())az = gp_XYZ(aZDir.X(), aZDir.Y(), aZDir.Z())p = gp_Pnt(aBaryCenter.X(), aBaryCenter.Y(), aBaryCenter.Z())anAxes = gp_Ax2(p, gp_Dir(aZDir), gp_Dir(aXDir))anAxes.SetLocation(gp_Pnt(p.XYZ() - ax*aHalfX - ay*aHalfY - az*aHalfZ))aBox = BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox(anAxes, 2.0*aHalfX, 2.0*aHalfY, 2.0*aHalfZ).Shape()return aBox# 创建OBB
obb = Bnd_OBB()# 创建AABB
bbox = Bnd_Box() # 首先创建一个空的包围盒
tol= 1e-4
bbox.SetGap(tol)n = 10
for _ in range(n):x = random.uniform(100, 500)y = random.uniform(100, 500)z = random.uniform(100, 500)p = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeVertex(gp_Pnt(x, y, z)).Shape()display.DisplayShape(p)brepbndlib_AddOBB(p, obb)brepbndlib_Add(p, bbox, True) # 将形状添加到包围盒中obb_shape = ConvertBndToShape(obb)
display.DisplayShape(obb_shape, transparency=0.5)XMin, YMin, ZMin, XMax, YMax, ZMax = bbox.Get() # 获取包围盒的信息# 绘制包围盒
xmin = XMin
xmax = XMax
xlen = XMax - XMin
ymin = YMin
ymax = YMax
ylen = YMax - YMin
zmin = ZMin
zmax = ZMax
zlen = ZMax - ZMincenter = gp_Pnt((XMax + XMin) / 2,(YMax + YMin) / 2,(ZMax + ZMin) / 2)
box = BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox(gp_Pnt(xmin,ymin,zmin),gp_Pnt(xmax,ymax,zmax)).Shape()display.DisplayShape(box, transparency=0.5)
start_display()

随机产生空间中的点，可以得到如下图所示的两种包围盒，一种是AABB，一种是OBB。

3. 拓扑操作

参考资料
OpenCasCade一些常用的API
OpenCasCade拓扑几何的布尔运算

3.1 拓扑形状之间的布尔操作

拓扑结构之间的布尔运算（相交、相减、联合）通过包OCC.BRepAlgoAPI实现。

布尔运算函数	功能
`BRepAlgoAPI_Common`	相交，求两个图形的相交形状
`BRepAlgoAPI_Section`	相交，得到的是两个图形相交的轮廓线
`BRepAlgoAPI_Cut`	相减，从一个形状中减去另一个形状
`BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse`	相加，将两个形状合并

3.2 拓扑形状的数据获取

拓扑结构的一些数据捕获通过包OCC.TopExp来实现。TopExp_Explorer(S, ToFind, ToAviod)用于对形状S中查找除了ToAviod对象以外的ToFind对象。例如aFaceExplorer = TopExp_Explorer(crossSections, TopAbs_EDGE) 表示获取crossSections中的边。

4. 经典案例——画瓶子

参考教程：
pythonOCC例子搬运：4.经典瓶子造型

导入需要的包：

import mathfrom OCC.Core.gp import gp_Pnt, gp_OX, gp_Vec, gp_Trsf, gp_DZ, gp_Ax2, gp_Ax3, gp_Pnt2d, gp_Dir2d, gp_Ax2d
from OCC.Core.GC import GC_MakeArcOfCircle, GC_MakeSegment
from OCC.Core.GCE2d import GCE2d_MakeSegment
from OCC.Core.Geom import Geom_Plane, Geom_CylindricalSurface
from OCC.Core.Geom2d import Geom2d_Ellipse, Geom2d_TrimmedCurve
from OCC.Core.BRepBuilderAPI import (BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge, BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire,BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace, BRepBuilderAPI_Transform)
from OCC.Core.BRepPrimAPI import BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism, BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder
from OCC.Core.BRepFilletAPI import BRepFilletAPI_MakeFillet
from OCC.Core.BRepAlgoAPI import BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse
from OCC.Core.BRepOffsetAPI import BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid, BRepOffsetAPI_ThruSections
from OCC.Core.BRepLib import breplib
from OCC.Core.BRep import BRep_Tool_Surface, BRep_Builder
from OCC.Core.TopoDS import topods, TopoDS_Compound
from OCC.Core.TopExp import TopExp_Explorer
from OCC.Core.TopAbs import TopAbs_EDGE, TopAbs_FACE
from OCC.Core.TopTools import TopTools_ListOfShape
from OCC.Display.SimpleGui import init_display

首先，先设置瓶子的一些参数：

height = 70
width = 50
thickness = 30

然后，创建一瓶子上的控制点：

aPnt1 = gp_Pnt(-width / 2.0, 0, 0)
aPnt2 = gp_Pnt(-width / 2.0, -thickness / 4.0, 0)
aPnt3 = gp_Pnt(0, -thickness / 2.0, 0)
aPnt4 = gp_Pnt(width / 2.0, -thickness / 4.0, 0)
aPnt5 = gp_Pnt(width / 2.0, 0, 0)

根据控制点创造边/线：

aArcOfCircle = GC_MakeArcOfCircle(aPnt2, aPnt3, aPnt4) # 创造弧线
aSegment1 = GC_MakeSegment(aPnt1, aPnt2)
aSegment2 = GC_MakeSegment(aPnt4, aPnt5)aEdge1 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(aSegment1.Value())
aEdge2 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(aArcOfCircle.Value())
aEdge3 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(aSegment2.Value())aWire = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire(aEdge1.Edge(), aEdge2.Edge(), aEdge3.Edge())

通过镜像操作，得到瓶子的轮廓：

# 创建轴网
xAxis = gp_OX()
aTrsf = gp_Trsf()
aTrsf.SetMirror(xAxis) # 设置对称轴aBRespTrsf = BRepBuilderAPI_Transform(aWire.Wire(), aTrsf) # 通过镜像得到变换后的形状
aMirroredShape = aBRespTrsf.Shape()
aMirroredWire = topods.Wire(aMirroredShape)
# 合并两个线条）对称前和对称后的
mkWire = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire()
mkWire.Add(aWire.Wire())
mkWire.Add(aMirroredWire)
myWireProfile = mkWire.Wire()

创建瓶子的主体

# 创建截面
myFaceProfile = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace(myWireProfile) # 得到拉伸截面
aPrismVec = gp_Vec(0, 0, height) # 创建拉伸方向
myBody = BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism(myFaceProfile.Face(), aPrismVec) # 通过拉伸得到瓶子的主体

给瓶子的边创建一些Fillet：

mkFillet = BRepFilletAPI_MakeFillet(myBody.Shape())
anEdgeExplorer = TopExp_Explorer(myBody.Shape(), TopAbs_EDGE)while anEdgeExplorer.More():anEdge = topods.Edge(anEdgeExplorer.Current())mkFillet.Add(thickness / 12.0, anEdge)anEdgeExplorer.Next()myBody = mkFillet

创建瓶子的颈部

neckLocation = gp_Pnt(0, 0, height) # 创建瓶颈的原点
neckAxis = gp_DZ()
neckAx2 = gp_Ax2(neckLocation, neckAxis) # 创建瓶颈的拉伸方向myNeckRadius = thickness / 4.0
myNeckHeight = height / 10.0
# 根据拉伸方向、半径、高度，创建圆柱体（瓶颈）
mkCylinder = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(neckAx2, myNeckRadius, myNeckHeight) myBody = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(myBody.Shape(), mkCylinder.Shape()) # 合并瓶子的主体和瓶颈

移除不符合要求的截面：

def face_is_plane(face):"""Returns True if the TopoDS_Shape is a plane, False otherwise"""hs = BRep_Tool_Surface(face)downcast_result = Geom_Plane.DownCast(hs)# The handle is null if downcast failed or is not possible, that is to say the face is not a planeif downcast_result is None:return Falseelse:return Truedef geom_plane_from_face(aFace):"""Returns the geometric plane entity from a planar surface"""return Geom_Plane.DownCast(BRep_Tool_Surface(aFace))# 对生成的截面进行处理
# Our goal is to find the highest Z face and remove it
faceToRemove = None
zMax = -1# We have to work our way through all the faces to find the highest Z face so we can remove it for the shell
aFaceExplorer = TopExp_Explorer(myBody.Shape(), TopAbs_FACE)
while aFaceExplorer.More():aFace = topods.Face(aFaceExplorer.Current())if face_is_plane(aFace):aPlane = geom_plane_from_face(aFace)# We want the highest Z face, so compare this to the previous facesaPnt = aPlane.Location()aZ = aPnt.Z()if aZ > zMax:zMax = aZfaceToRemove = aFaceaFaceExplorer.Next()facesToRemove = TopTools_ListOfShape()
facesToRemove.Append(faceToRemove)myBody = BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid(myBody.Shape(), facesToRemove, -thickness / 50.0, 0.001)

生成瓶子颈部的螺纹：

#
# Set up our surfaces for the threading on the neck
neckAx2_Ax3 = gp_Ax3(neckLocation, gp_DZ())
aCyl1 = Geom_CylindricalSurface(neckAx2_Ax3, myNeckRadius * 0.99)
aCyl2 = Geom_CylindricalSurface(neckAx2_Ax3, myNeckRadius * 1.05)# Set up the curves for the threads on the bottle's neck
aPnt = gp_Pnt2d(2.0 * math.pi, myNeckHeight / 2.0)
aDir = gp_Dir2d(2.0 * math.pi, myNeckHeight / 4.0)
anAx2d = gp_Ax2d(aPnt, aDir)aMajor = 2.0 * math.pi
aMinor = myNeckHeight / 10.0anEllipse1 = Geom2d_Ellipse(anAx2d, aMajor, aMinor)
anEllipse2 = Geom2d_Ellipse(anAx2d, aMajor, aMinor / 4.0)anArc1 = Geom2d_TrimmedCurve(anEllipse1, 0, math.pi)
anArc2 = Geom2d_TrimmedCurve(anEllipse2, 0, math.pi)anEllipsePnt1 = anEllipse1.Value(0)
anEllipsePnt2 = anEllipse1.Value(math.pi)aSegment = GCE2d_MakeSegment(anEllipsePnt1, anEllipsePnt2)# Build edges and wires for threading
anEdge1OnSurf1 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(anArc1, aCyl1)
anEdge2OnSurf1 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(aSegment.Value(), aCyl1)
anEdge1OnSurf2 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(anArc2, aCyl2)
anEdge2OnSurf2 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(aSegment.Value(), aCyl2)threadingWire1 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire(anEdge1OnSurf1.Edge(), anEdge2OnSurf1.Edge())
threadingWire2 = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire(anEdge1OnSurf2.Edge(), anEdge2OnSurf2.Edge())# Compute the 3D representations of the edges/wires
breplib.BuildCurves3d(threadingWire1.Shape())
breplib.BuildCurves3d(threadingWire2.Shape())# Create the surfaces of the threading
aTool = BRepOffsetAPI_ThruSections(True)
aTool.AddWire(threadingWire1.Wire())
aTool.AddWire(threadingWire2.Wire())
aTool.CheckCompatibility(False)
myThreading = aTool.Shape()

合并瓶身、瓶颈部和螺纹：

bottle = TopoDS_Compound()
aBuilder = BRep_Builder()
aBuilder.MakeCompound(bottle)
aBuilder.Add(bottle, myBody.Shape())
aBuilder.Add(bottle, myThreading)