excel图表中的直方图

Histograms are a useful tool in frequency data analysis, offering users the ability to sort data into groupings (called bin numbers) in a visual graph, similar to a bar chart. Here’s how to create them in Microsoft Excel.

直方图是频率数据分析中的有用工具，可为用户提供类似于条形图的直观图表中将数据分类为分组(称为箱号)的功能。 这是在Microsoft Excel中创建它们的方法。

If you want to create histograms in Excel, you’ll need to use Excel 2016 or later. Earlier versions of Office (Excel 2013 and earlier) lack this feature.

如果要在Excel中创建直方图，则需要使用Excel 2016或更高版本。 Office的早期版本(Excel 2013和更早版本)缺少此功能。

如何在Excel中创建直方图 (How to Create a Histogram in Excel)

Put simply, frequency data analysis involves taking a data set and trying to determine how often that data occurs. You might, for instance, be looking to take a set of student test results and determine how often those results occur, or how often results fall into certain grade boundaries.

简而言之，频率数据分析涉及获取数据集并尝试确定该数据出现的频率。 例如，您可能正在寻找一组学生测试结果，并确定这些结果出现的频率或结果落入某些年级界限的频率。

Histograms make it easy to take this kind of data and visualize it in an Excel chart.

直方图可以很容易地获取此类数据并在Excel图表中将其可视化。

You can do this by opening Microsoft Excel and selecting your data. You can select the data manually, or by selecting a cell within your range and pressing Ctrl+A on your keyboard.

您可以通过打开Microsoft Excel并选择数据来做到这一点。 您可以手动选择数据，也可以选择范围内的单元格，然后按键盘上的Ctrl + A。

With your data selected, choose the “Insert” tab on the ribbon bar. The various chart options available to you will be listed under the “Charts” section in the middle.

选择数据后，选择功能区栏上的“插入”选项卡。 您可以使用的各种图表选项将在中间的“图表”部分下列出。

Click the “Insert Statistic Chart” button to view a list of available charts.

单击“插入统计图”按钮以查看可用图的列表。

In the “Histogram” section of the drop-down menu, tap the first chart option on the left.

在下拉菜单的“直方图”部分中，点击左侧的第一个图表选项。

This will insert a histogram chart into your Excel spreadsheet. Excel will attempt to determine how to format your chart automatically, but you might need to make changes manually after the chart is inserted.

这会将直方图插入到您的Excel电子表格中。 Excel将尝试确定如何自动设置图表格式，但是在插入图表后，您可能需要手动进行更改。

格式化直方图 (Formatting a Histogram Chart)

Once you’ve inserted a histogram into your Microsoft Excel worksheet, you can make changes to it by right-clicking your chart axis labels and pressing the “Format Axis” option.

将直方图插入Microsoft Excel工作表后，可以通过右键单击图表轴标签并按“格式化轴”选项来对其进行更改。

Excel will attempt to determine the bins (groupings) to use for your chart, but you might need to change this yourself. For instance, for a list of student test results out of 100, you might prefer to group the results into grade boundaries that appear in groups of 10.

Excel将尝试确定要用于图表的箱(分组)，但是您可能需要自行更改。 例如，对于100个学生测试结果列表，您可能更喜欢将结果分组为以10为一组的成绩边界。

You can leave Excel’s bin grouping choice by leaving the “By Category” option intact under the “Format Axis” menu that appears on the right. If you want to change these settings, however, switch to another option.

您可以通过完整显示右侧“格式轴”菜单下的“按类别”选项来保留Excel的bin分组选项。 但是，如果要更改这些设置，请切换到另一个选项。

For instance, “By Category” will use the first category in your data range to group data. For a list of student test results, this would separate each result by student, which wouldn’t be as useful for this kind of analysis.

例如，“按类别”将使用数据范围内的第一个类别对数据进行分组。 对于学生测试结果的列表，这将按学生分开每个结果，这对于这种分析没有用。

Using the “Bin Width” option, you can combine your data into different groups.

使用“装订宽度”选项，您可以将数据合并到不同的组中。

Referring to our example of student test results, you could group these into groups of 10 by setting the “Bin Width” value to 10.

参考我们的学生测试结果示例，您可以通过将“装箱宽度”值设置为10来将它们分为10组。

The bottom axis ranges start with the lowest number. The first bin grouping, for instance, is displayed as “[27, 37]” while the largest range ends with “[97, 107],” despite the maximum test result figure remaining 100.

底轴范围从最低编号开始。 尽管最大测试结果数字仍为100，但第一个bin分组显示为“ [27，37]”，而最大范围以“ [97，107]”结尾。

The “Number Of Bins” option can work in a similar way by setting a firm number of bins to show on your chart. Setting 10 bins here, for instance, would also group results into groups of 10.

通过设置要在图表上显示的固定箱数，“箱数”选项可以以类似方式工作。 例如，在此处设置10个bin也会将结果分成10组。

For our example, the lowest result is 27, so the first bin starts with 27. The highest number in that range is 34, so the axis label for that bin is displayed as “27, 34.” This ensures as equal distribution of bin groupings as possible.

在我们的示例中，最低结果为27，因此第一个仓位以27开头。该范围内的最高数字为34，因此该仓位的轴标签显示为“ 27，34”。 这样可以确保bin组的分布尽可能均匀。

For the student results example, this may not be the best option. If you want to ensure that a set number of bin groupings are always displayed, however, this is the option you’d need to use.

对于学生成绩示例，这可能不是最佳选择。 但是，如果要确保始终显示一定数量的箱分组，则需要使用此选项。

You can also split data into two with overflow and underflow bins. For instance, if you wanted to carefully analyze data under or above a certain number, you could tick to enable the “Overflow Bin” option and set a figure accordingly.

您还可以使用上溢和下溢箱将数据分成两部分。 例如，如果您想仔细分析小于或等于某个数字的数据，则可以勾选以启用“溢出箱”选项并相应地设置一个数字。

For example, if you wanted to analyze student pass rates below 50, you could enable and set the “Overflow Bin” figure at 50. Bin ranges below 50 would still be displayed, but data over 50 would be grouped in the appropriate overflow bin instead.

例如，如果您要分析低于50的学生及格率，则可以启用“溢出箱”数字并将其设置为50。低于50的箱范围仍将显示，但超过50的数据将被分组在相应的溢出箱中。

This works in combination with other bin grouping formats, such as by bin width.

这可以与其他箱分组格式结合使用，例如按箱宽度。

The same works the other way for underflow bins.

对于下溢槽，其他方法相同。

For instance, if a failure rate is 50, you could decide to set the “Underflow Bin” option to 50. Other bin groupings would display as normal, but data below 50 would be grouped in the appropriate underflow bin section.

例如，如果故障率为50，则可以决定将“ Underflow Bin”选项设置为50。其他bin分组将正常显示，但低于50的数据将在相应的Underflow bin部分中分组。

You can also make cosmetic changes to your histogram chart, including replacing the title and axis labels, by double-clicking those areas. Further changes to the text and bar colors and options can be made by right-clicking the chart itself and selecting the “Format Chart Area” option.

您还可以通过双击直方图对这些区域进行修饰，包括替换标题和轴标签。 右键单击图表本身并选择“设置图表区域格式”选项，可以进一步更改文本和条形颜色以及选项。

Standard options for formatting your chart, including changing the border and bar fill options, will appear in the “Format Chart Area” menu on the right.

格式化图表的标准选项(包括更改边框和条形填充选项)将显示在右侧的“格式化图表区域”菜单中。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/678088/how-to-create-a-histogram-in-microsoft-excel/

excel图表中的直方图