12【不定式 & 动名词】to-infinitive & gerund

1, 不在动词位置上

不定式 To do:	名词，形容词，副词
动名词 -ing:	名词
分词（-ing/P.P过去完成）：	形容词，副词

除了在动词位置上之外，剩下的位置都可以出现的动名词，不定式仍然保持动词的特性

《 A / the + 副词 + to do / -ing + 宾语》

（1）A / the（3）动作不可数

（2）+ 副词 +

（3）to do / -ing（2）相当于动词，修饰副词

（4）+ 宾语（1）像及物动词一样，需要宾语

Our board of directors asked managers to thoroughly review team members’ job performance.

To + 副词 + 宾语

2，不定式的活用

To do 不定式在文章中可以代替名词，形容词，副词

A，名词位置

（1）作主语：

To attract new customers is not easy；动词用单数

（2）作补语：

Our quarterly goal is to exceed the sales figures of the preceding years

（3）作宾语：

The board of directors decided not to hire additional employees this year

B，形容词位置

To do 不定式代替形容词的时候，在名词之后，这时候，主要是未来时态

Opportunity, chance, right, authority, ability, effort, plan, attempt + to do 不定式!!!

We should have plan to attract more tourists to the Indiana area

C, 副词位置

To do 不定式代替副词的时候，主要表示目的 = in order to do = so as to do

We are pleased to inform you that passed the application process

To reduce unnecessary expenses, we need to make every effort to improve our procedures.

3, 动名词的活用

可以代替名词的位置的主语，宾语

A，名词位置

（1）主语

Creating a new way to promote sales is our team’s main responsibility. 动名词作主语，后边动词用单数

（2）宾语(可以作及物动词的宾语)

Due to a lack of funds, we decided to postpone sponsoring this charity event

B，介词的宾语

和to do 不定式不一样，一般由介词+动名词构成

Look forward to doing

Object to doing

Be accustomed to doing

Contribute to doing

Be dedicated to doing

Be used to doing

Be subject to doing

Be opposed to doing

Be committed to doing

Be devoted to doing

The newly elected mayor(市长) has contributed to making our community better

接下来，介词+V-ing一起，有时候意思会变

By doing （手段，方式）

In doing （原因）由于（时间点）~的时候

On/upon doing （时间点）一~就~

For doing (原因) 因为~

4，to do不定式 vs doing 动名词的活用

A， to do vs doing

to do：表未来；hope, want, wish, promise, choose, plan, decide, offer, refuse + to do

doing：表现在-过去；mind, enjoy, give up, avoid, postpone, advise, suggest, stop, include, deny, recommend, consider, finish, complete + doing

B，动名词经常出现的

Go doing 做什么去

Remember doing

Feel like doing

Be busy doing

Spend time/money doing

Keep doing

It’s no use doing

Be worth doing

On/upon doing

Have difficulty (a problem/trouble) doing

Prevent/stop/hinder/keep A from doing B: A阻止B