nas和san网络存储区别

什么是存储区域网络或SAN？ (What Is Storage Area Network or SAN?)

In computing, a storage area network, or SAN, is a specialized network to pool storage resources.

在计算中，存储区域网络或SAN是用于汇集存储资源的专用网络。

存储区域网络–定义 (Storage Area Network – Definition)

A SAN (or Storage Area Network) is different from other storage such as NAS (network attached storage) with a low level access to disks. For simplicity, the traffic on a SAN is very similar to the principles used to use internal drives (ATA, SCSI). This pooling of storage resources.

SAN(或存储区域网络)与其他存储(例如，NAS(网络附加存储))对磁盘的访问权限较低。 为简单起见，SAN上的流量与使用内部驱动器(ATA，SCSI)的原理非常相似。 此存储资源池。

In the case of NAS, the storage resource is directly connected to the corporate IP network. The NAS server integrates support for multiple network file systems, such as Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocol shares of Microsoft and Samba, Network File System (NFS) is a protocol for sharing files on Unix, or even AFP (AppleShare File Protocol) which is equivalent in the Apple world. Once connected to the network, it can act as multiple servers to shared files.

对于NAS，存储资源直接连接到公司IP网络。 NAS服务器集成了对多个网络文件系统的支持，例如Microsoft和Samba的通用Internet文件系统(CIFS)协议共享，网络文件系统(NFS)是用于在Unix甚至AFP(AppleShare文件协议)上共享文件的协议在苹果世界中是等效的。 连接到网络后，它可以充当共享文件的多个服务器。

In the case of SAN storage arrays do not appear as shared volumes on the network. They are directly accessible by the block device file system servers. That is, every server sees the disk space on a SAN array which is accessed as its own hard drive. The administrator must define precisely the Logical Unit Number (LUN LUN), the masking and zoning for a Unix server does not access the same resources that a Windows server using a different file system.

对于SAN存储阵列，它们不会在网络上显示为共享卷。 块设备文件系统服务器可以直接访问它们。 也就是说，每个服务器都可以看到SAN阵列上的磁盘空间，该磁盘空间可以作为其自己的硬盘驱动器进行访问。 管理员必须精确定义逻辑单元号(LUN LUN)，Unix服务器的屏蔽和分区访问的资源与Windows服务器使用不同文件系统的资源不同。

存储区域网络–好处 (Storage Area Network – Benefits)

An early interest in the SAN is not having to worry about how much to change discs once vested in a particular server or grieve the unused space on a server oversized disk space.

对SAN的早期兴趣是，不必担心一旦归属于特定服务器后要更换多少光盘或使服务器上过大的磁盘空间上的未使用空间变得悲伤。

Disk space is more limited by the characteristics of servers and is scalable at will by adding disks or storage arrays on the SAN. The physical storage space for shared servers is used to optimize the management of records, and make easier data backups.

磁盘空间受服务器特性的限制更大，可以通过在SAN上添加磁盘或存储阵列随意扩展。 共享服务器的物理存储空间用于优化记录管理，并简化数据备份。

Storage resources and pooled (SAN or NAS) give the possibility to implement replication functions (copy data synchronously or asynchronously between two bays) and snapshot (copying a volume for use on another server or save for example). These functions allow secure data (physical location in remote locations) and to optimize application availability. These functions are carried out transparently for servers, and replication and copying data do not affect server resources, since they are performed at SAN controllers, the impact on response time is usually negligible.

存储资源和池(SAN或NAS)可实现复制功能(在两个托架之间同步或异步复制数据)和快照(复制卷以供另一台服务器使用或保存)。 这些功能允许安全的数据(物理位置位于远程位置)并优化应用程序可用性。 这些功能是对服务器透明执行的，并且复制和复制数据不会影响服务器资源，因为它们是在SAN控制器上执行的，因此对响应时间的影响通常可以忽略不计。

Remote replication: SAN solutions have some ability to transfer data remotely, typically on a remote site as part of a backup plan.

远程复制：SAN解决方案具有一定的远程传输能力，通常作为备份计划的一部分在远程站点上传输。

存储区域网络– SAN功能 (Storage Area Network – SAN Features)

服务质量(QoS) (Quality of Service (QoS) )

The switch guarantees a fixed rate of 8 Gbit / s (above 1 Gbps, 2 and 4) optical fiber link, and ensures that the request sent by a server has been well received and taken into account by the storage.

该交换机可保证8 Gbit / s(高于1 Gbps，2和4)的固定速率的光纤链路，并确保服务器发送的请求已被接收，并已被存储考虑在内。

可用性 (Availability )

The SAN can provide storage redundancy, that is to say, the accessibility to the storage system in the event of failure of one of its elements, at least doubling each element of the system (high availability).

SAN可以提供存储冗余，也就是说，在其元素之一发生故障的情况下，至少可以使系统的每个元素加倍(高可用性)，从而可以访问存储系统。

异质性 (Heterogeneity)

The SAN can operate in a completely heterogeneous servers Unix, Windows, Netware … can all join the SAN.

SAN可以在完全异构的服务器中运行Unix，Windows，Netware…都可以加入SAN。

性能变量 (Performance variables )

The performance of disk access by a host of stress varies from the other hosts on shared resources, and thus may vary over time.

压力主机的磁盘访问性能与共享资源上的其他主机不同，因此可能会随时间变化。

SAN(存储区域网络)的类型 (Types of SAN (Storage Area Network))

SANs are built in order to provide fast and reliable disk space. The most widespread technology to achieve this is to use the Fibre Channel protocol, which achieves high throughput (8 Gbps or 10 Gbps). This technology leads the implementation of switches or directors of (wholesale switches of more than 64 ports, guaranteeing maximum availability and scalability by adding cards containing data ports). The storage network thus formed is called a fabric.

建立SAN是为了提供快速而可靠的磁盘空间。 实现此目的的最广泛的技术是使用光纤通道协议，该协议可实现高吞吐量(8 Gbps或10 Gbps)。 该技术引领交换机或导向器的实现(超过64个端口的批发交换机，通过添加包含数据端口的卡来保证最大的可用性和可扩展性)。 这样形成的存储网络称为结构。

出现了其他技术： (Other technologies have emerged: )

• ISCSI: it is the same SCSI commands but TCP / IP;ISCSI：与SCSI命令相同，但TCP / IP；
• FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) and Fibre Channel protocol frames are transmitted over an Ethernet network.FCoE(以太网光纤通道)和光纤通道协议帧​​通过以太网网络传输。

The most used protocol and standardized remains the Fibre Channel.

光纤通道是最常用和标准化的协议。

兼容性 (Compatibility)

The main difficulty in the design and operation of a SAN is to ensure to every development of the compatibility of different components that are implemented: Fibre Channel cards with their version of firmware, driver (driver) software multipath prospective switches firmware, version controller storage arrays. It is essential to respect the recommendations of the manufacturer or integrator (compatibility matrix) to ensure proper operation and performance of applications hosted on the SAN.

SAN的设计和操作的主要困难是，要确保每种开发都实现所实现的不同组件的兼容性：光纤通道卡及其固件版本，驱动程序(驱动程序)软件，多路径预期交换机固件，版本控制器存储阵列。 必须遵守制造商或集成商的建议(兼容性矩阵)，以确保SAN上托管的应用程序的正常运行和性能。

存储区域网络– SAN操作 (Storage Area Network – SAN action)

There is still some time we could find that SANs in large computer companies in need of a large volume of highly secure storage. Prices becoming more reasonable, smaller data center equip themselves with SAN architectures simpler.

仍有一段时间我们会发现大型计算机公司中的SAN需要大量高度安全的存储。 价格变得更加合理，更小的数据中心使SAN架构变得更加简单。

A larger site will create a more complex architecture composed of several interconnected SANs, each SAN may be equipped with a large number of arrays may be heterogeneous.

较大的站点将创建由多个相互连接的SAN组成的更复杂的体系结构，每个SAN可能配备大量可能是异构的阵列。

The identification of all the physical parts of a SAN is done through the World Wide Name (WWN), a unique identification of the equipment.

SAN的所有物理部分的标识是通过全球通用名称(WWN)进行的，该名称是设备的唯一标识。

All switches (switches) connected together is an object named virtual fabric. In a single fabric, zoning information (permissions) are known to all switches.

连接在一起的所有交换机(交换机)是一个名为虚拟结构的对象。 在单个结构中，所有交换机都知道分区信息(权限)。

The masking, meanwhile, is an action performed on the storage array and which aims to correlate the access permissions to logical drives created.

同时，屏蔽是在存储阵列上执行的操作，旨在将访问权限与创建的逻辑驱动器相关联。

The SAN is also a big risk for DBMS and needs IO bases must be finely measured. Some publishers like Microsoft Exchange recommend dedicating SAN them exclusively.

对于DBMS而言，SAN也是一个很大的风险，必须仔细衡量IO基础的需求。 一些发行商(例如Microsoft Exchange)建议专门使用SAN。

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

研究：来自维基百科，免费的百科全书。 该文本可在“ 知识共享”下找到 。

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/storage-area-network-or-san/

nas和san网络存储区别