Linux桌面基础2:X Window Manage—

一、前言

一个桌面的使用需要X Windows Server + X Windows Manager，提供桌面背景、任务栏、桌面设置等。X Server 还有一个重要的工作，那就是将来自输入设备（如键盘、鼠标等）的动作告知 X Client，X Client 最重要的工作就是处理来自 X Server 的动作，将该动作处理成为绘图数据，再将这些绘图数据传回给 X Server。目前主要的X Windows Manager有:
MATE core
Lubuntu core
Budgie Desktop
GNOME （GNU Network Object Model Environment）：http://www.gnome.org/
KDE （K Desktop Enviroment）：http://kde.org/
twm （Tab Window Manager）：http://xwinman.org/vtwm.php
XFCE （XForms Common Environment）：http://www.xfce.org/
本文使用在Ubuntu上编译Xfce4，在这之前需要编译Xorg（X Window Server），具体Xorg编译可以查看上一篇博客：http://106.53.224.102:8080/wordpress-zh/feng_8071/Linux桌面基础:X Window System——Xorg/

二、主要内容

先下载xfce4.14，下载 – 获取源码 tarball ，然后解压，进入相应的目录执行“ ./configure && make && sudo make install ”,编译顺序为
xfce4-dev-tools (only required if you build from GIT)
libxfce4util
xfconf
libxfce4ui
garcon, exo
thunar
xfce4-panel, xfce4-settings, xfce4-session, xfdesktop, xfwm4, xfce4-appfinder, tumbler…
下载的其他软件最后编译安装，还有一些软件请到此处下载：http://archive.xfce.org/src/
主要XFCE4有几十个包,大多是可选件.
xfdesktop4 (4.3.6.4-1ubuntu2)
xfwm4 (4.2.1-1ubuntu1)
xfce4-panel (4.2.1.1-1ubuntu1)
xfce4-session (4.2.1-2ubuntu1)
xfce4-mcs-manager (4.2.1-1ubuntu1)
这5个包是核心啊,分别是桌面管理器窗口管理器按钮面板会话管理器和 SETTINGS MANAGER.它们还依赖3个LIB开头的包,安装过程中这3个包会自动安装.这一共8个包,就是XFCE4正常运行的最小要求了.
在 ~/.xinitrc中添加exec /opt/xfce4/bin/xfce4-session,然后startx,桌面就出来了
注：xfce相关资料：
官方：http://www.xfce.org/
中文译文：http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=153162
debian-xfce：http://pkg-xfce.alioth.debian.org/
面板配置技巧说明:http://dstling.263g.net/ziliao/c.html
https://www.x.org/releases

三、中间编译过程

3.1 Xfce4包编译
xfce4-dev-tools-4.14.0
libxfce4util-4.14.0
xfconf-4.14.1
libxfce4ui-4.14.1
garcon-0.6.4
exo-0.12.8 -，
xfce4-panel-4.14.0
checking for libwnck-3.0 >= 3.0… not found
*** The required package libwnck-3.0 was not found on your system.
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/libwnck/3.36/libwnck-3.36.0.tar.xz
Thunar-1.8.9
xfce4-settings-4.14.0
xfce4-session-4.14.0
checking for iceauth… no
configure: error: iceauth missing, please check your X11 installation
https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/guix/guix-1.1.0.tar.gz
https://www.x.org/releases/individual/app/iceauth-1.0.8.tar.gz
xfdesktop-4.14.1
xfwm4-4.14.0
checking for xinerama >= 0… not found
The required package xinerama was not found on your system
https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib/libXinerama-1.1.4.tar.gz
xfce4-appfinder-4.14.0
thunar-volman-0.9.5
tumbler-0.2.7
xfce4-power-manager-1.6.5
checking for libnotify >= 0.4.1… not found
The required package libnotify was not found on your system
http://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/libnotify/0.7/libnotify-0.7.9.tar.xz
checking for upower-glib >= 0.99.0… not found
The required package upower-glib was not found on your system
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/upower/upower/uploads/93cfe7c8d66ed486001c4f3f55399b7a/upower-0.99.11.tar.xz
checking for USB… no
configure: error: Package requirements (libusb-1.0 >= 1.0.0) were not met
https://github.com//libusb/libusb/releases/download/v1.0.23/libusb-1.0.23.tar.bz2
3.2 Xfce4各个模块编译完成，无错误，运行过程出错等问题处理
Startxfce4出现：/usr/local/bin/startxfce4: line 122: exec: xinit:not found
https://www.x.org/pub/individual/app/xinit-1.4.1.tar.bz2
http://invisible-mirror.net/archives/xterm/xterm-361.tgz
In file included from ./input.c:94:0:
./xtermcap.h:64:10: fatal error: curses.h: No such file or directory
#include <curses.h>
https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ncurses-6.2.tar.gz
Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
/usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc: 76: xrdb: not found
https://www.x.org/releases/individual/app/xrdb-1.2.0.tar.gz
Xinit /usr/local/etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc
xinit提示dbus-launch not found,the desktop will not work porperly
重新编译apt source dbus-x11
xorg提示dbus-core: error connecting to system bus: org.freedesktop.Dbus
查看系统文件/var/log/syslog
dbus-daemon:failed to start message bus: dbus was compiled without systemd support
Failed to get initial list of names： Connection timed out
卡在started D-bus syste message bus中
重新安装apt install dbus-x11
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/driver/xf86-video-nv-2.1.21.tar.gz
twm和xclock not found
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/twm-1.0.11.tar.xz
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/xclock-1.0.9.tar.gz
configure: error: Package requirements (xrender xft) were not met:
No package ‘xft’ found
https://www.x.org/releases/individual/lib/libXft-2.3.3.tar.bz2
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/xrandr-1.5.1.tar.xz
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/xev-1.2.4.tar.gz
Theme:ls /usr/local/etc/fonts/fonts.conf
https://icon-theme.freedesktop.org/releases/hicolor-icon-theme-0.17.tar.xz
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/ico-1.0.5.tar.gz
https://www.x.org/archive/individual/app/fonttosfnt-1.2.0.tar.gz
https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/freefont/freefont-otf-20120503.tar.gz
https://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/freefont/freefont-sfd-20100919.tar.gz
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/gnu/freefont/freefont-ttf-20120503.zip
wget http://x11vnc.sourceforge.net/dev/x11vnc-0.9.14-dev.tar.gz
启动vncser:x11vnc -forever -shared -rfbauth ~/.vnc/passwd

四、总结

4.1 这样xfce4才算搭建完成，登陆，显示英文字体正常，vnc连接图片如下：
4.2 以后可以继续在界面上开发新的、想要的功能，进行扩展使用。

以下是新的个人博客的地址：
http://106.53.224.102:8080/wordpress-zh/feng_8071