Compared to the backup tools that come with previous versions of Windows, Vista’s Backup and Restore Center, is a delight – except for one small problem:  It can’t do a complete system (image) backup to another computer on the network.  In this article we learn a workaround to this limitation.

与早期版本的Windows附带的备份工具相比，Vista的备份和还原中心令人高兴–除了一个小问题：它无法对网络上的另一台计算机进行完整的系统(映像)备份。 在本文中，我们学习了解决此限制的方法。

Backup and Restore Center

备份与还原中心

The Windows Vista Backup and Restore Center introduced to Windows users the ability to backup your entire computer:  files, programs, settings, registry – everything.

Windows Vista备份和还原中心向Windows用户介绍了备份整个计算机的能力：文件，程序，设置，注册表– 一切 。

Running The program created a VHD file – an image of your entire C drive.  In the event of a theft or hard disk failure, your system could be restored to the exact state it was in when the last backup was taken (using the Windows Recovery Environment on your Windows installation DVD).

运行该程序创建了一个VHD文件–整个C驱动器的映像。 如果发生盗窃或硬盘故障，则可以将系统还原到进行上次备份时的确切状态(使用Windows安装DVD上的Windows恢复环境)。

This VHD image file would typically be enormous (the combined size of all files on your C drive), and so a location to store this file would need to be chosen carefully.  Unfortunately, the only options presented to you were other hard disks in your system (such as an internal D drive or an external USB drive) or a collection of blank DVDs.

这个VHD映像文件通常会很大(C驱动器上所有文件的总大小)，因此需要仔细选择存储该文件的位置。 不幸的是，向您提供的唯一选项是系统中的其他硬盘(例如内部D驱动器或外部USB驱动器)或空白DVD的集合。

An obvious omission was the ability to back up across a Local Area Network, to another computer such as to a file server or backup server.  Only Microsoft would be able to tell us why this option was omitted.  Thankfully it has been added into Windows 7.

一个明显的遗漏是能够跨局域网备份到另一台计算机，例如文件服务器或备份服务器。 只有Microsoft才能告诉我们为什么省略此选项。 幸运的是，它已被添加到Windows 7中。

If your backup regime requires that your Windows Vista system be backed up across a network, and you’re not willing to shell out for third-party software, such as Norton Ghost or Acronis True Image, then you’ll need to use the little-known Windows system backup utility called wbadmin.  wbadmin is a command-line tool, and so to use it you will probably choose one of the following methods:

如果您的备份方式要求通过网络备份Windows Vista系统，并且您不愿意购买第三方软件(如Norton Ghost或Acronis True Image)，则需要使用已知的 Windows系统备份实用程序，称为wbadmin 。 wbadmin是一个命令行工具，因此要使用它，您可能会选择以下方法之一：

1. The Windows command prompt, Windows命令提示符，
2. Writing a batch file (script), or 编写批处理文件(脚本)，或者
3. Automating the backup using the Windows Task Scheduler 使用Windows Task Scheduler自动执行备份

Given that most people who need to back up a system won’t want to do it just once, and will more than likely have a need to do it on a regular (daily or weekly) basis, this tutorial will explore the third option:

鉴于大多数需要备份系统的人都不想只备份一次，并且很有可能需要定期(每天或每周)进行备份，因此本教程将探讨第三个选项：

Automating a regular full system backup using the Windows Task Scheduler

使用Windows Task Scheduler自动执行常规的完整系统备份

To schedule a regular backup, we must first open the Windows Task Scheduler.  This is easily located by clicking the Start button and typing “task“:

要安排常规备份，我们必须首先打开Windows Task Scheduler。 通过单击开始按钮并键入“ task ”，可以轻松找到它：

The Task Scheduler window then opens. To schedule a backup, click on Create Basic Task…

然后将打开“任务计划程序”窗口。 要安排备份，请单击“ 创建基本任务”。

The Create Basic Task Wizard starts and prompts us for a name by which we would like to refer to this task.  We can give it a name such as “Weekly Full System Backup”:

“创建基本任务向导”将启动，并提示我们输入一个名称，以便我们参考该名称。 我们可以为其命名，例如“每周完整系统备份”：

We then click the Next button and are prompted for how frequently we would like to like to run the backup.  Obviously the choice made at this point is up to you (or your IT department), but for this tutorial we will choose Weekly:

然后，我们单击“ 下一步”按钮，并提示我们我们希望运行备份的频率。 显然，此时的选择取决于您(或您的IT部门)，但是对于本教程，我们将选择Weekly ：

We click the Next button and are prompted to complete the scheduling details.  We will choose Every Wednesday morning at 4:30am:

我们单击下一步按钮，并提示您完成调度详细信息。 我们将选择每个星期三上午4:30 ：

We click the Next button and are prompted for what type of task we want to perform.  We will choose Start a program:

我们单击下一步按钮，并提示您要执行的任务类型。 我们将选择启动程序 ：

We click the Next button and are prompted for the name of the program we wish to run, as well as any command-line arguments (parameters) we will to provide to the program.

我们单击“ 下一步”按钮，并提示您输入要运行的程序的名称，以及将要提供给该程序的任何命令行参数(参数)。

We could browse for the program, but in this case it’s easier to simply type its name:  wbadmin..

我们可以浏览该程序，但在这种情况下，只需键入其名称即可： wbadmin ..

The command-line arguments we will specify in this example are:

在此示例中，我们将指定命令行参数：

start backup -backuptarget:\\servername\sharename -include:c:
-user:MYNAME -password:MYPASSWORD -quiet

开始备份-backuptarget：\\服务器名\共享名-include：c： -用户：MYNAME-密码：MYPASSWORD-安静

These options mean the following:

这些选项意味着：

• start  start the job (not now, but when the task is scheduled, of course)

  开始开始工作(当然不是现在，但是计划好任务后)

• backup  the job to start is a backup

  备份要启动的作业是备份

• -backuptarget:\\servername\sharename  The location to back up to.  This could be a simple Drive:Folder path (e.g. D:/Backups), or – in this case – the UNC path of a computer and network shared folder.

  -backuptarget：\\服务器名\共享名要备份的位置。 这可能是简单的Drive：Folder路径(例如D：/ Backups )，或者在这种情况下是计算机和网络共享文件夹的UNC路径。

• -include:c:   The drives to include in the backup.  If you want multiple drives, separate them with commas (no spaces).  i.e.  -include c:,d:

  -include：c：要包括在备份中的驱动器。 如果要使用多个驱动器，请用逗号分隔(不要使用空格)。 即-include c：，d：

• -user:MYNAME -password:MYPASSWORD   The username and password required to access the remote target computer/folder on the network.  (obviously, you replace MYNAME with your actual username and MYPASSWORD with your actual password.)

  -user：MYNAME -password：MYPASSWORD访问网络上的远程目标计算机/文件夹所需的用户名和密码。 (显然，您将MYNAME替换为您的实际用户名，并将MYPASSWORD替换为您的实际密码。)

• -quiet   Run the job without prompting the user for any information

  -quiet运行作业，而不提示用户任何信息

There are many other options for the wbadmin program.  These are all detailed on Microsoft’s TechNet page (link below).

wbadmin程序还有许多其他选项。 这些都在Microsoft的TechNet页面(下面的链接)上进行了详细说明。

It is not necessary to specify anything in the Start in box:

不必在“ 开始于”框中指定任何内容：

That is all the information that the wizard requires.  We click the Next button to see a summary of the task details:

这就是向导所需的所有信息。 我们单击下一步按钮以查看任务详细信息的摘要：

…and then click the Finish button to return to the list of active tasks:

…，然后单击“ 完成”按钮以返回到活动任务列表：

It may be necessary to double-click on the newly created task to adjust some of the properties or conditions, specifically:

可能需要双击新创建的任务以调整某些属性或条件，特别是：

• On the General tab, you may wish to ensure that the task runs even if you are not logged in.  If you do this, you will be prompted to supply the login credentials – username and password – of the user that the task is to be run as.

  在“ 常规”选项卡上，即使您尚未登录，也可能希望确保任务运行。如果执行此操作，系统将提示您提供要执行任务的用户的登录凭据(用户名和密码)。运行为。

• On the Conditions tab (if your computer is a laptop), you may wish to elect to only run the backup task if the computer is plugged into mains power.

  在“ 条件”选项卡(如果您的计算机是便携式计算机)上，您可能希望选择仅在计算机已接通电源的情况下运行备份任务。

The task will now run every Wednesday morning.  You can also run it manually whenever you want by opening the Windows Task Scheduler, locating the task in the list and clicking the Run button in the Actions pane to the right.

现在，该任务将在每个星期三早晨运行。 您也可以随时打开Windows任务计划程序，在列表中找到该任务，然后单击右侧“ 操作”窗格中的“运行”按钮来手动运行它。

Once the task has completed, you can navigate to the network computer/folder that you specified in the task settings and see the results.  You will see a folder called WindowsImageBackup, and within that a sub-folder with the same name as the computer you were backing up.  If you back up several machines with this technique, you will see one sub-folder for each computer.  Within each sub-folder you will see a subfolder called Backup with a date in its name.  That is where your image files are located, along with some XML housekeeping files.  The backup files are easy to identify, as they are many Gigabytes in size and have a VHD extension.

任务完成后，您可以导航到在任务设置中指定的网络计算机/文件夹并查看结果。 您将看到一个名为WindowsImageBackup的文件夹，在该文件夹中有一个与您要备份的计算机同名的子文件夹。 如果使用此技术备份多台计算机，则每台计算机将看到一个子文件夹。 在每个子文件夹中，您将看到一个名为Backup的子文件夹，其名称中带有日期。 这就是您的图像文件以及一些XML管家文件的存放位置。 备份文件很容易识别，因为它们大小为千兆字节，并具有VHD扩展名。

Notes:

笔记：

• More information about the wbadmin program can be found on either Microsoft’s TechNet page or on the Wikipedia page.

  有关wbadmin程序的更多信息，可以在Microsoft的TechNet页面或Wikipedia页面上找到 。

• VHD files can be mounted and browsed (to restore individual files without having to restore the entire drive) by using the small and useful VHD Attach utility.

  使用小型实用的VHD Attach实用程序，可以挂载和浏览VHD文件(无需还原整个驱动器即可还原单个文件)。

• When the task is run the following week, the previous backups will be automatically removed.  Only one set of VHD files will be present in the WindowsImageBackup folder for each computer at any given time.

  在下周运行任务时，以前的备份将自动删除。 在任何给定时间，每台计算机的WindowsImageBackup文件夹中将仅存在一组VHD文件。