一、图像增强简介

图像增强是对图像的某些特征，如边缘、轮廓、对比度等进行强调或锐化，以便于显示、观察或进一步分析与处理。通过对图像的特定加工，将被处理的图像转化为对具体应用来说视觉质量和效果更“好”或更“有用”的图像。
图像增强是最基本最常用的图像处理技术，常用于其他图像处理的预处理阶段。

（1）高通平滑、低通锐化；平滑模糊、锐化突出图像细节
（2）滤波器还有带通、带阻等形式
（3）根据噪声（椒盐噪声、高斯噪声…）的不同，选用不同的滤波
（4）邻域有4-邻域、对角邻域、8-邻域，相对应的有邻接，即空间上相邻、像素灰度相似
（5）图像边缘处理：忽略不处理、补充、循环使用
（6）目前尚未图像处理大多基于灰度图像

二、快速亮通双边滤波器(FBPBF)简介

双边滤波是由Tomasi和Manduchi提出来的一种具有保持边缘和降噪效果的非线性滤波器，双边滤波采用基于高斯分布的加权平均的方法，用某个像素的周边像素亮度值的加权平均代表该点的强度．

2.1 亮通双边滤波器(BPBF)
亮通双边滤波(BPBF)是基于双边滤波的一种变体，可用于光照分量估计，相比于双边滤波，BPBF计算更复杂，但滤波效果更好，对细节的保持更精准．BPBF对图像V通道的光照分量估计的表达如下:

其中:f(i)表示HSV色彩空间的V通道;g(i)表示BPBF的输出;Ω是执行聚合的邻域．

其中，高斯空间核φ与单边高斯范围核ψ的表达如下:

其中:θ与σ分别是各自的标准差，一般而言，标准差越小，平滑的结果越不理想，标准差越大，平滑效果越好．

三、部分源代码

function varargout = demoUI(varargin)
% DEMOUI MATLAB code for demoUI.fig
%      DEMOUI, by itself, creates a new DEMOUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = DEMOUI returns the handle to a new DEMOUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      DEMOUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in DEMOUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      DEMOUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new DEMOUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before demoUI_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to demoUI_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @demoUI_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn',  @demoUI_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before demoUI is made visible.
function demoUI_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to demoUI (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for demoUI
handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes demoUI wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = demoUI_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;function imagepath_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to imagepath (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of imagepath as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of imagepath as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function imagepath_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to imagepath (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end% --- Executes on button press in browseButton.
function browseButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to browseButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
CallbackFcns browse;% --- Executes on button press in loadButton.
function loadButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to loadButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
CallbackFcns load;% --- Executes on button press in filterButton.
function filterButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to filterButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
CallbackFcns filter;% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton4.
function pushbutton4_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton4 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --- Executes on slider movement.
function sliderS_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderS (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
%        get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
CallbackFcns sigmas_slider;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function sliderS_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderS (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end% --- Executes on slider movement.
function sliderR_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderR (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
%        get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
CallbackFcns sigmar_slider;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function sliderR_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderR (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
end% --- Executes on selection change in listbox1.
function listbox1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns listbox1 contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from listbox1% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function listbox1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to listbox1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: listbox controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
endfunction editS_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editS (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of editS as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of editS as a double
CallbackFcns sigmas_edit;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function editS_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editS (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
endfunction editR_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editR (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of editR as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of editR as a double
CallbackFcns sigmar_edit;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function editR_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editR (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end% --- Executes on button press in saveButton.
function saveButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to saveButton (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
CallbackFcns save;% --- Executes on slider movement.
function sliderEps_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderEps (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'Value') returns position of slider
%        get(hObject,'Min') and get(hObject,'Max') to determine range of slider
CallbackFcns eps_slider;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function sliderEps_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to sliderEps (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: slider controls usually have a light gray background.
if isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',[.9 .9 .9]);
endfunction editEps_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editEps (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of editEps as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of editEps as a double
CallbackFcns eps_edit;% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function editEps_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to editEps (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end

四、运行结果

五、matlab版本及参考文献

1 matlab版本
2014a

2 参考文献
[1] 蔡利梅.MATLAB图像处理——理论、算法与实例分析[M].清华大学出版社，2020.
[2]杨丹,赵海滨,龙哲.MATLAB图像处理实例详解[M].清华大学出版社，2013.
[3]周品.MATLAB图像处理与图形用户界面设计[M].清华大学出版社，2013.
[4]刘成龙.精通MATLAB图像处理[M].清华大学出版社，2015.
[5]魏赟,欧阳鹏.基于快速亮通双边滤波器的Retinex图像增强算法[J].小型微型计算机系统. 2021,42(09)

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