[Linux] 内核模块proc使用实例：统计所有进程的信息

实例要求：

编写一个Linux的内核模块，其功能是遍历操作系统所有进程。该内核模块输出系统中：每个进程的名字、进程pid、进程的状态、父进程的名字；以及统计系统中进程个数，包括统计系统中TASK_RUNNING、TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE、TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE、TASK_ZOMBIE、TASK_STOPPED等（还有其他状态）状态进程的个数。同时还需要编写一个用户态下执行的程序，显示内核模块输出的内容。

学习资料：
《边干边学—Linux内核指导》
ArchLinux Wiki

解决方案：

#include <linux/module.h> //needed by all modules
#include <linux/kernel.h> //needed for KERN_INFO
#include <linux/sched.h> //defined struct task_struct
#include <linux/proc_fs.h> //create proc file
#include <linux/seq_file.h> //use seq_file#define FILENAME "osexp" //defile proc file nameint myshow(struct seq_file *,void *);
int myopen(struct inode *,struct file *);/* custom the operations to the seq_file */
static const struct file_operations myops = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,.open = myopen,.read = seq_read,.release = single_release
};
/* do when open the seq file */
int myopen(struct inode *inode,struct file *file){single_open(file,myshow,NULL);//bind seq_file with myshow functionreturn 0;
}
/* create proc file */
int init_proc(void){struct proc_dir_entry * myfile;myfile = proc_create(FILENAME,0444,NULL,&myops);//create proc fileif(myfile == NULL) //deal with errorreturn -ENOMEM;return 0;
}
/* remove proc file */
void remove_proc(void){remove_proc_entry(FILENAME,NULL);//remove proc fileprintk(KERN_INFO "[m] proc file:%s removed\n",FILENAME);//print debug message
}/*description: output process's info to log */
int myshow(struct seq_file *file,void *v){int num_running = 0; //the number of process whose status is runningint num_interruptible = 0; //the number of process whose status is interruptibleint num_uninterruptible = 0; //the ... status is uninterruptibleint num_zombie = 0; //the process exited with status zombieint num_stopped = 0; //the ... status is stoppedint num_traced = 0; //the ... status is tracedint num_dead = 0; //the process has deaded;int num_unknown = 0; //the process whose status is unknownint num_total = 0; //the total number of processint t_exit_state; //temp var to store task_struct.exit_stateint t_state; //temp var to store task_struct.statestruct task_struct *p; //pointer to task_struct//printk("[m] All processes' info:\n");//print boot infoseq_printf(file,"[m] All processes' info:\n");for(p=&init_task;(p=next_task(p))!=&init_task;){ //go througn the linklist//printk(KERN_INFO "[m] Name:%s Pid:%d State:%ld ParName:%s\n",p->comm,p->pid,p->state,p->real_parent->comm); //print the process's info to logseq_printf(file,"[m] Name:%s Pid:%d State:%ld ParName:%s\n",p->comm,p->pid,p->state,p->real_parent->comm);num_total++; //total number of process plus onet_state = p->state; //put p->state to variable t_statet_exit_state = p->exit_state;//similar to aboveif(t_exit_state!=0){ //if the process has exitedswitch(t_exit_state){case EXIT_ZOMBIE://if the exit state is zombienum_zombie++;//variable plus onebreak; //break switch case EXIT_DEAD://if the exit state is deadnum_dead++;//variable plus onebreak;//break switchdefault: //other casebreak;//break switch}}else{ // if the proess hasn't exitedswitch(t_state){case TASK_RUNNING://if the state is runningnum_running++;//variable plus onebreak;//break switchcase TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE://state is interruptiblenum_interruptible++;//variable plus onebreak;//break switchcase TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE://state is uninterruptiblenum_uninterruptible++;//var + 1break;//break switchcase TASK_STOPPED://state is stoppednum_stopped++;//var +1break;//break switchcase TASK_TRACED://state is tracednum_traced++;//var +1break;//break switchdefault://other casenum_unknown++;break;}}}//below instruction is to print the statistics result in above code// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] total tasks: %10d\n",num_total);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] TASK_RUNNING: %10d\n",num_running);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE: %10d\n",num_interruptible);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE: %10d\n",num_uninterruptible);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] TASK_TRACED: %10d\n",num_stopped);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] TASK_TRACED: %10d\n",num_stopped);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] EXIT_ZOMBIE: %10d\n",num_zombie);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] EXIT_DEAD: %10d\n",num_dead);// printk(KERN_INFO "[m] UNKNOWN: %10d\n",num_unknown);seq_printf(file,"[m] total tasks: %10d\n",num_total);seq_printf(file,"[m] TASK_RUNNING: %10d\n",num_running);seq_printf(file,"[m] TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE: %10d\n",num_interruptible);seq_printf(file,"[m] TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE: %10d\n",num_uninterruptible);seq_printf(file,"[m] TASK_TRACED: %10d\n",num_stopped);seq_printf(file,"[m] TASK_TRACED: %10d\n",num_stopped);seq_printf(file,"[m] EXIT_ZOMBIE: %10d\n",num_zombie);seq_printf(file,"[m] EXIT_DEAD: %10d\n",num_dead);seq_printf(file,"[m] UNKNOWN: %10d\n",num_unknown);return 0;
} int init_module(void){// init the kernel moduleprintk(KERN_INFO "[m] exp_process started\n");//print start messagereturn init_proc();//create proc file
}void cleanup_module(void){ //clean up the resources when module finishedremove_proc();//remove proc fileprintk(KERN_INFO "[m] exp_process finished\n");//print finish message
}MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");//show that this code follow GUN General Public License

archlinux 下的makefile

TARGET = os_1_2
KDIR = /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD = $(shell pwd)
obj-m += $(TARGET).o
all:make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

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