Kubernetes Dashboard搭建流程

一. 背景

通过二进制方式完成了kubernetes的安装，可以正常使用kubernetes的各种功能了，但是有点不足的是，只能通过命令查看/创建/删除/修改等操作，没有直观的Web UI界面感受直观，因此搭建kubernetes dashboard来进一步的管理容器应用。

二. 操作

1. 调研所需的dashboard配置版本
       因为kubernetes已搭建完成，而且版本比较新v1.16.1,一般普通的dashboard会导致其与Kubernetes服务不兼容。
       官网调研，kubernetesv1.16.1所需的dashboard需要 v2.0以上，如果要展示各节点的cpu/内存/磁盘空间等使用情况，则需要安装metrics
   2. 跨网下载两个镜像并导入到本地仓库中
       因为国内无法直接访问相关的docker仓库，则需要一台网外服务器做跳板支持

网外]# docker pull kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
网外]# docker pull docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
网外]# docker save -i dashboard.tar docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
网外]# docker save -i metrics.tar kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
master]# docker load <  docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
master]# docker load < kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
master]# docker tag docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4 192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
master]# docker tag kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1 192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1
master]# docker push  192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4
master]# docker push  192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1

3. 到官网下载相应的dashboard yaml文件，并做修改
位置：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta4/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
修改镜像位置等信息 recommended.yaml

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:ports:- port: 443targetPort: 8443nodePort: 30000selector:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardtype: NodePort---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-certsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-csrfnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:csrf: ""---apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holdernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque---kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard-settingsnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["secrets"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["configmaps"]resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]verbs: ["get", "update"]# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["proxy"]- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["services/proxy"]resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]verbs: ["get"]---kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]resources: ["pods", "nodes"]verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardname: kubernetes-dashboardnamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardtemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardspec:containers:- name: kubernetes-dashboardimage: 192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-beta4imagePullPolicy: Alwaysports:- containerPort: 8443protocol: TCPargs:- --auto-generate-certificates- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:portvolumeMounts:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certsmountPath: /certs# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumelivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPSpath: /port: 8443initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30volumes:- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certssecret:secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/mastereffect: NoSchedule---kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:ports:- port: 8000targetPort: 8000selector:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper---kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapername: dashboard-metrics-scrapernamespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:replicas: 1revisionHistoryLimit: 10selector:matchLabels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scrapertemplate:metadata:labels:k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraperspec:containers:- name: dashboard-metrics-scraperimage: 192.168.89.132:5000/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.1ports:- containerPort: 8000protocol: TCPlivenessProbe:httpGet:scheme: HTTPpath: /port: 8000initialDelaySeconds: 30timeoutSeconds: 30volumeMounts:- mountPath: /tmpname: tmp-volumeserviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on mastertolerations:- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/mastereffect: NoSchedulevolumes:- name: tmp-volumeemptyDir: {}

4. 执行kubectl命令

master]# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml

5. 火狐浏览器访问一台node节点,一定是火狐浏览器，谷歌和ie浏览器无法认证

https://192.168.89.133:30000

6. 找出token，并在页面上输入token登录

master]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-certs
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
Annotations:  <none>Type:  OpaqueData
====Name:         kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
Annotations:  <none>Type:  OpaqueData
====
csrf:  256 bytesName:         kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>Type:  OpaqueData
====
pub:   459 bytes
priv:  1679 bytesName:         kubernetes-dashboard-token-wtqxq
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboardkubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 542b2b68-cd41-40fe-811e-f7a5d52e6393Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-tokenData
====
ca.crt:     1090 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImsxbF9vUHFTbWxSbk1ZTWN5QmFuUEFhcDhpRXlQWFllR2RObE5EMjdTYWcifQ.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.FF2H_r0M8UOZnhhsluDQ3797pF8_VkPWKEVN4n8at9GrE63VpOhioTx4q-JBLC3mJliJCABybr7GFQiNvu6Q8wUPvlYfhmIdtQqhuyKMfBD9s_C7Mz_pQBnqTulxGUGE-dXFqQcAgpWZgXS9Zgaxcl3B4lDyzV50XfU5-mGpF8dMkTrJTktvVosEQgLJxhWFzeuUg5MPo27s7Y8Idh60RpASMbvBbWH2b1-CUHCPDqyxL_Wqgia0R7wn8Pu9gvNDKfekrutn7n4qnBTngvQFcBX7VWLcEIBvRUW4IJ8ouIcMljv_MwGSHwplLa0_Jcwumr0xeqo4zH7LJbH5y9wffw

最后有token值，复制到页面登录页即可

三. 后续

问题1：第二天登录dashboard发现无法登录了，查看pods运行情况，发现dashboard 镜像无法下载，开始排查

1. 先删除重新创建 recommended.yaml

master]# kubectl delete -f recommended.yaml
master]# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml

结果仍然是一样的，dashboard无法运行

2. 查看以下私有仓库是否正常

master]# ss -anptu | grep :5000
没有相应的进程，原来是私有仓库问题，现重启私有仓库并开机自启。
master]# systemctl restart docker-distribution
master]# systemctl enable docker-distribution
master]# systemctl status docker-distribution
Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-05-07 09:43:56 CST; 29s ago
master]# ss -anptu | grep 5000
tcp    LISTEN     0      128    [::]:5000               [::]:*                   users:(("registry",pid=8805,fd=3))

3. 再次打开火狐浏览器，通过token登录，发现输入token后点击登录没有反应，怀疑是token失效了，重新获取token值

使用新的token值登录成功了，由此可知，一段时间之后，token值失效，需要重新获取新的token值。