小帽学堂

十九、微信扫描登录

1. OAuth2 介绍

1.1 OAuth2解决什么问题

1.1.1 OAuth2提出的背景
  • 照片拥有者想要在云冲印服务上打印照片,云冲印服务需要访问云存储服务上的资源
1.1.2 图例
  • 资源拥有者:照片拥有者
  • 客户应用:云冲印
  • 受保护的资源:照片
1.1.3 方式一:用户名密码复制
  • 适用于同一公司内部的多个系统,不适用于不受信的第三方应用
1.1.4 方式二:通用开发者key
  • 适用于合作商或者授信的不同业务部门之间
1.1.5 方式三:办法令牌
  • 接近OAuth2方式,需要考虑如何管理令牌、颁发令牌、吊销令牌,需要统一的协议,因此就有了OAuth2协议

1.2 现代微服务安全

  • 除了开放系统授权,OAuth2还可以应用于现代微服务安全
1.2.1 传统单块应用的安全

1.2.2 现代微服务安全
  • 现代微服务中系统微服务化以及应用的形态和设备类型增多,不能用传统的登录方式
  • 核心的技术不是用户名和密码,而是token,由AuthServer颁发token,用户使用token进行登录
1.2.3 典型的OAuth2应用

1.3 总结

2. 微信扫描登录(准备工作)

2.1 准备工作

2.1.1 注册
2.1.2 邮箱激活
2.1.3 完善开发者资料
2.1.4 开发者资质认证
  • 准备营业执照,1-2个工作日审批、300元
2.1.5 创建网站应用
  • 提交审核,7个工作日审批
2.1.6 熟悉微信登录流程

2.2 后端开发

2.2.1 添加配置
  • application.properties添加相关配置信息
# 微信开放平台 appid
wx.open.app_id=wxed9954c01bb89b47
# 微信开放平台 appsecret
wx.open.app_secret=a7482517235173ddb4083788de60b90e
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://localhost:8160/api/ucenter/wx/callback
2.2.2 创建常量类
  • 创建util包,创建ConstantPropertiesUtil.java常量类
@Component
public class ConstantWxUtils implements InitializingBean {@Value("${wx.open.app_id}")private String appId;@Value("${wx.open.app_secret}")private String appSecret;@Value("${wx.open.redirect_url}")private String redirectUrl;public static String WX_OPEN_APP_ID;public static String WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET;public static String WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {WX_OPEN_APP_ID = appId;WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET = appSecret;WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL = redirectUrl;}
}
2.2.3 创建controller
@CrossOrigin
@Controller // 只是请求地址,不需要返回数据
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
public class WxApiController {// 生成微信扫描二维码@GetMapping("login")public String getWxCode() {//        String url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect?appid="
//                + ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID;// 微信开放平台授权baseUrl %s相当于?代表占位符String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" +"?appid=%s" +"&redirect_uri=%s" +"&response_type=code" +"&scope=snsapi_login" +"&state=%s" +"#wechat_redirect";// 对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码String redirectUrl = ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;try {redirectUrl = URLEncoder.encode(redirectUrl, "utf-8");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 设置%s里面值String url = String.format(baseUrl,ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,redirectUrl,"lemon");// 请求微信地址return "redirect:" + url;}
}

3. 微信扫描登录(获取扫描人信息分析)


3.1 准备工作

3.1.1 全局配置的跳转路径
# 微信开放平台 重定向url
wx.open.redirect_url=http://回调地址/api/ucenter/wx/callback
3.1.2 修改当前项目启动端口号为8150
3.1.3 测试回调是否可用
  • 在WxApiController中添加方法
@GetMapping("callback")
public String callback(String code, String state, HttpSession session) {//得到授权临时票据codeSystem.out.println("code = " + code);System.out.println("state = " + state);
}

3.2 后台开发

3.2.1 添加依赖
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId><artifactId>httpclient</artifactId></dependency><!--commons-io--><dependency><groupId>commons-io</groupId><artifactId>commons-io</artifactId></dependency><!--gson--><dependency><groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId><artifactId>gson</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>
3.2.2 创建httpclient工具类
  • 放入util包
package com.alex.educenter.utils;import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.X509HostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;/***  依赖的jar包有:commons-lang-2.6.jar、httpclient-4.3.2.jar、httpcore-4.3.1.jar、commons-io-2.4.jar* @author zhaoyb**/
public class HttpClientUtils {public static final int connTimeout=10000;public static final int readTimeout=10000;public static final String charset="UTF-8";private static HttpClient client = null;static {PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();cm.setMaxTotal(128);cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(128);client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();}public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);}public static String postParameters(String url, String parameterStr,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception{return post(url,parameterStr,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",charset,connTimeout,readTimeout);}public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);}public static String postParameters(String url, Map<String, String> params, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {return postForm(url, params, null, connTimeout, readTimeout);}public static String get(String url) throws Exception {return get(url, charset, null, null);}public static String get(String url, String charset) throws Exception {return get(url, charset, connTimeout, readTimeout);}/*** 发送一个 Post 请求, 使用指定的字符集编码.** @param url* @param body RequestBody* @param mimeType 例如 application/xml "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" a=1&b=2&c=3* @param charset 编码* @param connTimeout 建立链接超时时间,毫秒.* @param readTimeout 响应超时时间,毫秒.* @return ResponseBody, 使用指定的字符集编码.* @throws ConnectTimeoutException 建立链接超时异常* @throws SocketTimeoutException  响应超时* @throws Exception*/public static String post(String url, String body, String mimeType,String charset, Integer connTimeout, Integer readTimeout)throws ConnectTimeoutException, SocketTimeoutException, Exception {HttpClient client = null;HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);String result = "";try {if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {HttpEntity entity = new StringEntity(body, ContentType.create(mimeType, charset));post.setEntity(entity);}// 设置参数Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();if (connTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);}if (readTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);}post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());HttpResponse res;if (url.startsWith("https")) {// 执行 Https 请求.client = createSSLInsecureClient();res = client.execute(post);} else {// 执行 Http 请求.client = HttpClientUtils.client;res = client.execute(post);}result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);} finally {post.releaseConnection();if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();}}return result;}/*** 提交form表单** @param url* @param params* @param connTimeout* @param readTimeout* @return* @throws ConnectTimeoutException* @throws SocketTimeoutException* @throws Exception*/public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout) throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {HttpClient client = null;HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);try {if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = params.entrySet();for (Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));}UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, Consts.UTF_8);post.setEntity(entity);}if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {for (Entry<String, String> entry : headers.entrySet()) {post.addHeader(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());}}// 设置参数Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();if (connTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);}if (readTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);}post.setConfig(customReqConf.build());HttpResponse res = null;if (url.startsWith("https")) {// 执行 Https 请求.client = createSSLInsecureClient();res = client.execute(post);} else {// 执行 Http 请求.client = HttpClientUtils.client;res = client.execute(post);}return IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8");} finally {post.releaseConnection();if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null&& client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();}}}/*** 发送一个 GET 请求** @param url* @param charset* @param connTimeout  建立链接超时时间,毫秒.* @param readTimeout  响应超时时间,毫秒.* @return* @throws ConnectTimeoutException   建立链接超时* @throws SocketTimeoutException   响应超时* @throws Exception*/public static String get(String url, String charset, Integer connTimeout,Integer readTimeout)throws ConnectTimeoutException,SocketTimeoutException, Exception {HttpClient client = null;HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);String result = "";try {// 设置参数Builder customReqConf = RequestConfig.custom();if (connTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);}if (readTimeout != null) {customReqConf.setSocketTimeout(readTimeout);}get.setConfig(customReqConf.build());HttpResponse res = null;if (url.startsWith("https")) {// 执行 Https 请求.client = createSSLInsecureClient();res = client.execute(get);} else {// 执行 Http 请求.client = HttpClientUtils.client;res = client.execute(get);}result = IOUtils.toString(res.getEntity().getContent(), charset);} finally {get.releaseConnection();if (url.startsWith("https") && client != null && client instanceof CloseableHttpClient) {((CloseableHttpClient) client).close();}}return result;}/*** 从 response 里获取 charset** @param ressponse* @return*/@SuppressWarnings("unused")private static String getCharsetFromResponse(HttpResponse ressponse) {// Content-Type:text/html; charset=GBKif (ressponse.getEntity() != null  && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType() != null && ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue() != null) {String contentType = ressponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();if (contentType.contains("charset=")) {return contentType.substring(contentType.indexOf("charset=") + 8);}}return null;}/*** 创建 SSL连接* @return* @throws GeneralSecurityException*/private static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() throws GeneralSecurityException {try {SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,String authType) throws CertificateException {return true;}}).build();SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new X509HostnameVerifier() {@Overridepublic boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {return true;}@Overridepublic void verify(String host, SSLSocket ssl)throws IOException {}@Overridepublic void verify(String host, X509Certificate cert)throws SSLException {}@Overridepublic void verify(String host, String[] cns,String[] subjectAlts) throws SSLException {}});return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {throw e;}}public static void main(String[] args) {try {String str= post("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml","name=12&page=34","application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "UTF-8", 10000, 10000);//String str= get("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml?name=12&page=34","GBK");/*Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();map.put("name", "111");map.put("page", "222");String str= postForm("https://localhost:443/ssl/test.shtml",map,null, 10000, 10000);*/System.out.println(str);} catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}
3.2.3 创建回调controller方法
@CrossOrigin
@Controller // 只是请求地址,不需要返回数据
@RequestMapping("/api/ucenter/wx")
public class WxApiController {@Autowiredprivate UcenterMemberService ucenterMemberService;// 2.获取扫描人信息,添加数据@GetMapping("callback")public String callback(String code, String state) {try {// 1.获取code值,临时票据,类似于验证码// 2.拿着code请求微信固定的地址,得到两个值 access_token 和 openidString baseAccessTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token" +"?appid=%s" +"&secret=%s" +"&code=%s" +"&grant_type=authorization_code";// 拼接三个参数:id 秘钥 code值String accessTokenUrl = String.format(baseAccessTokenUrl,ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_SECRET,code);// 请求这个拼接好的地址,得到返回的两个值 access_token 和 openid// 使用httpclient发送请求,得到返回结果String accessTokenInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(accessTokenUrl);System.out.println("accessTokenInfo:" + accessTokenInfo);// 从accessTokenInfo字符串获取出来两个值 access_token 和 openid// 把accessTokenInfo字符串转换map集合,根据map里面key获取对应值// 使用json转换工具 GsonGson gson = new Gson();HashMap mapAccessToken = gson.fromJson(accessTokenInfo, HashMap.class);String access_token = (String)mapAccessToken.get("access_token");String openid = (String)mapAccessToken.get("openid");// 3.拿着得到的access_token 和 openid,再去请求微信提供固定的地址,获取到扫描人信息// 访问微信的资源服务器,获取用户信息String baseUserInfoUrl =  "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo" +"?access_token=%s" +"&openid=%s";String userInfoUrl = String.format(baseUserInfoUrl,access_token,openid);// 发送请求String userInfo = HttpClientUtils.get(userInfoUrl);// 获取返回的userInfo字符串扫描人信息HashMap userInfoMap = gson.fromJson(userInfo, HashMap.class);String nickname = (String)userInfoMap.get("nickname");      // 昵称String headimgurl = (String)userInfoMap.get("headimgurl");  // 头像// 把扫码人信息添加进数据库// 判断数据表里面是否存在相同微信信息,根据openid判断UcenterMember member = ucenterMemberService.getOpenIdMember(openid);if(member == null) {    // 如果member是空,表没有相同微信数据,进行添加member = new UcenterMember();member.setOpenid(openid);member.setNickname(nickname);member.setAvatar(headimgurl);ucenterMemberService.save(member);}// 最后:返回首页面return "redirect:http://localhost:3000";}catch (Exception e) {throw new LemonException(20001, "登录失败");}}// 1.生成微信扫描二维码@GetMapping("login")public String getWxCode() {//        String url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect?appid="
//                + ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID;// 微信开放平台授权baseUrl %s相当于?代表占位符String baseUrl = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/qrconnect" +"?appid=%s" +"&redirect_uri=%s" +"&response_type=code" +"&scope=snsapi_login" +"&state=%s" +"#wechat_redirect";// 对redirect_url进行URLEncoder编码String redirectUrl = ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_REDIRECT_URL;try {redirectUrl = URLEncoder.encode(redirectUrl, "utf-8");} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 设置%s里面值String url = String.format(baseUrl,ConstantWxUtils.WX_OPEN_APP_ID,redirectUrl,"lemon");// 请求微信地址return "redirect:" + url;}
}
3.2.4 业务层
public interface UcenterMemberService extends IService<UcenterMember> {// 根据 openid 判断UcenterMember getOpenIdMember(String openid);
}
@Service
public class UcenterMemberServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UcenterMemberMapper, UcenterMember> implements UcenterMemberService {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;// 根据 openid 判断@Overridepublic UcenterMember getOpenIdMember(String openid) {QueryWrapper<UcenterMember> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();wrapper.eq("openid", openid);UcenterMember member = baseMapper.selectOne(wrapper);return member;}
}

4. 微信扫描登录(功能完善)

4.1 整合JWT令牌

4.1.1 callback中生成jwt
  • 在WxApiController.java的callback方法的最后添加如下代码
// 使用jwt根据member对象生成token字符串
String jwtToken = JwtUtils.getJwtToken(member.getId(), member.getNickname());
// 最后:返回首页面,通过路径传递token字符串
return "redirect:http://localhost:3000?token=" + jwtToken;

5. 微信扫描登录(首页显示信息)

5.1 修改default.vue页面脚本

// pages\login.vue
export default {layout: 'sign',data () {return {// 封装登录手机号的密码对象user:{mobile:'',password:''},// 用户信息loginInfo:{}}},methods: {// 登录的方法submitLogin() {// 第一步 调用接口进行登录,返回token字符串loginApi.submitLoginUser(this.user).then(response => {// 第二步 获取token字符串放到cookie里面// 第一个参数 cookie名称,第二个参数 值,第三个参数 作用范围cookie.set('lemon_token', response.data.data.token, {domain:'localhost'})// 第四步 调用接口 根据token获取用户信息,为了首页面显示loginApi.getLoginUserInfo().then(response => {this.loginInfo = response.data.data.userInfo// 获取返回的用户信息,放到cookie里面cookie.set('lemon_ucenter', JSON.stringify(this.loginInfo), {domain:'localhost'})// 跳转页面window.location.href = "/";})})},checkPhone (rule, value, callback) {//debuggerif (!(/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value))) {return callback(new Error('手机号码格式不正确'))}return callback()}}}

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