Linux C/C++ 对于SIGBUS、SIGSEGV等崩溃异常捕获实现

前段时间我们发表过类似得 Try-Catch 实现，但是该实现本身是存在局限性的，因为它们不能无视 SIGSEGV，SIGSYS，SIGTRAP等崩溃信号，对于某些3RD代码根本无法处理（这些代码没有源代码只有库，总不可能去静态反编译在改汇编）或者是短时间无法解决得内存BUG、例如毫无问题得代码在ARM平台会发生结构内存对齐问题（SIGBUS）导致强行崩溃（仅限于恶意崩溃，即运行相同代码+结构上万次以后才会发生SIGBUS提示内存对齐故障）别认为不可能，这在ARM上面存在潜在发生得可能性，解决办法查汇编查代码对所有的结构进行对齐检查，等等。

本文代码对于下文链接得扩展：

C/C++ 11 try-catch-finally 扩展（函数式）_liulilittle的博客-CSDN博客_c++ finally

假设...我们希望：类似以下的代码不要导致程序停止工作那么应该怎么处理？

int64_t llPtr = 0;

char* byPtr = (char*)llPtr;

*byPtr = rand() & 0xff;

... ...

printf("%s\n", "OK!");

我们知道上述代码务必会遭遇 “SIGSEGV” 导致崩溃并且产生 dump 文件/信息（若设置）那么我们不希望这里出现故障应该怎么做？

SIGSEGV 是可以被认为捕获得，有一个偷懒得宏定义叫做 SIG_IGN（忽略信号）但要注意，它的确忽略信号，确保程序不会因为崩溃信号停止工作，但这是有限度的，类似 SIGSEGV、SIGBUS 等信号是无效的，不要考虑这种没有意义得东西，就算要放弃某个信号也不应该是这么粗放式得操作，SIG_IGN 这类型仅适用于程序主动得 raise 得崩溃信号，比如：SIG_PIPE。

OK，那么可以适用最新改进得：“Try-Catch-Finally” 进行处理，但发生异常时可能潜在导致内存泄漏问题。

Try([] {

int64_t llPtr = 0;

char* byPtr = (char*)llPtr;

*byPtr = rand() & 0xff;

}).Catch<std::exception>([] (std::exception& e) {

printf("%s\n", "Error!");

});

printf("%s\n", "OK!");

以上代码是可以正确执行到 OK！部分，并且不会发生内存泄漏问题，但一旦我们在 lambda 内操作关于内存相关的东西就有可能发生异常，比如在函数内复制了一个 shared_ptr 并且在析构以前出现异常，那么 shared_ptr 得引用就无法在减少导致内存资源泄露，那么类似得好办法是不要使用 shared_ptr，或者在可以确定不会发生异常得情况下使用，如果你真不确定还非得头铁用得话，有个办法：weak_ptr 可能很适合您。

潜在发生异常得 lambda 函数是可以捕获类似 shared_ptr 之类的东西，它们并不会引起不能调用捕获 shared_ptr 得析构函数，所以是是线上内存安全的，但是 lambda 内部操作不是内存安全的，这个必须要说清楚！

Try.h

 #pragma once #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <memory>
#include <exception>
#include <mutex>
#include <unordered_map>#ifndef MAX_STACK_FRAME
#define MAX_STACK_FRAME 10
#endifnamespace My {class Try {private:typedef sigjmp_buf                                      Context;struct Stack {private:mutable std::shared_ptr<Context>                    rbp;mutable Context*                                    rsp;public:Stack();void                                                New() const;void                                                Release() const;inline Context*                                     Ptr() const {return this->rbp.get();}inline Context*                                     Push() const {Context* max = this->rbp.get() + MAX_STACK_FRAME;if (this->rsp >= max) {return NULL;}return this->rsp++;}inline Context*                                     Pop() const {if (this->rsp <= this->rbp.get()) {return NULL;}return --this->rsp;}inline Context*                                     Peek() const {Context* max = this->rbp.get() + MAX_STACK_FRAME;if (this->rsp > max || this->rsp <= this->rbp.get()) {return NULL;}return this->rsp - 1;}};typedef std::unordered_map<int, Stack>                  StackTable;friend class                                            Hosting;friend class                                            __TRY_SEH_SIGNAL__;public:inline Try(const std::function<void()>& block): ___try(block) {if (!block) {throw std::runtime_error("The block part of the try is not allowed to be Null References");}}inline ~Try() {___try = NULL;___catch = NULL;___finally = NULL;}public:template<typename TException>inline Try&                                             Catch() const {return Catch<TException>([](TException& e) {});}template<typename TException>inline Try&                                             Catch(const std::function<void(TException& e)>& block) const {return Catch<TException>(block, NULL);}template<typename TException>inline Try&                                             Catch(const std::function<void(TException& e)>& block, const std::function<bool(TException& e)>& when) const {if (!block) {throw std::runtime_error("The block part of the try-catch is not allowed to be Null References");}std::function<bool(std::exception*)> previous = ___catch;___catch = [block, previous, when](std::exception* e) {if (previous) {if (previous(e)) {return true;}}TException* exception = dynamic_cast<TException*>(e);if (!exception) {return false;}if (when) {if (!when(*exception)) {return false;}}if (block) {block(*exception);}return true;};return const_cast<Try&>(*this);}inline Try&                                             Finally(const std::function<void()>& block) const {___finally = block;return const_cast<Try&>(*this);}inline void                                             Invoke() const {Context* stack_context = Try::PushContext();std::exception* stack_exception = NULL;try {if (!stack_context) {___try();}else {if (sigsetjmp(*stack_context, 1) == 0) {___try();}else {stack_exception = &Try::___exception;if (___catch) {if (___catch(stack_exception)) {stack_exception = NULL;}}}}}catch (std::exception& throwable) {stack_exception = &throwable;if (___catch) {if (___catch(stack_exception)) {stack_exception = NULL;}}}catch (...) {stack_exception = &Try::___exception;if (___catch) {if (___catch(stack_exception)) {stack_exception = NULL;}}}if (___finally) {___finally();}if (stack_context) {Try::PopContext();}if (stack_exception) {throw *stack_exception;}}#ifndef ANDROIDstatic void                                             PrintStackTrace();#endifprivate:static Context*                                         PushContext();static Context*                                         PopContext();static Context*                                         PeekContext();static void                                             AllocStack(bool important);static void                                             ReleaseStack();private:mutable std::function<void()>                           ___try;mutable std::function<bool(std::exception*)>            ___catch;mutable std::function<void()>                           ___finally;static std::runtime_error                               ___exception;static std::mutex                                       ___syncobj;static StackTable                                       ___stack;static struct sigaction                                 ___osas[15]; };
}

Try.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#ifndef ANDROID
#include <unwind.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#endif
#include <My/Try.h>
#include <My/Environment.h>#ifndef ANDROID
#define MAX_BACKTRACE_SIZE 100
#endifnamespace My {class __TRY_SEH_SIGNAL__ {public:inline __TRY_SEH_SIGNAL__() {memset(Try::___osas, 0, sizeof(Try::___osas));/*retrieve old and set new handlers*//*restore prevouis signal actions*/#ifdef ANDROIDWatch(35,        0); // FDSCAN(SI_QUEUE)#endifWatch(SIGBUS,    1);Watch(SIGPIPE,   2);Watch(SIGFPE,    3);Watch(SIGSEGV,   4);Watch(SIGILL,    5);Watch(SIGTRAP,   6);Watch(SIGSYS,    7);Watch(SIGQUIT,   8);Watch(SIGIOT,    9);Watch(SIGUSR1,   10);Watch(SIGUSR2,   11);Watch(SIGXCPU,   12);Watch(SIGXFSZ,   13);Watch(SIGSTKFLT, 14);}inline ~__TRY_SEH_SIGNAL__() {struct sigaction* osas = Try::___osas;/*restore prevouis signal actions*/#ifdef ANDROIDUnwatch(35,        0); // FDSCAN(SI_QUEUE)#endifUnwatch(SIGBUS,    1);Unwatch(SIGPIPE,   2);Unwatch(SIGFPE,    3);Unwatch(SIGSEGV,   4);Unwatch(SIGILL,    5);Unwatch(SIGTRAP,   6);Unwatch(SIGSYS,    7);Unwatch(SIGQUIT,   8);Unwatch(SIGIOT,    9);Unwatch(SIGUSR1,   10);Unwatch(SIGUSR2,   11);Unwatch(SIGXCPU,   12);Unwatch(SIGXFSZ,   13);Unwatch(SIGSTKFLT, 14);}public:inline int                      Watch(int signo, int index) {struct sigaction sa;struct sigaction* osas = Try::___osas;memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));/*init new handler struct*/  sa.sa_handler = [] (int signo) {Try::Context* context = Try::PeekContext();if (context) {siglongjmp(*context, 1);} else {#ifndef ANDROIDTry::PrintStackTrace();#endifsignal(signo, SIG_DFL);raise(signo);}};sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);  sa.sa_flags = 0;return sigaction(signo, &sa, &osas[index]);}inline int                      Unwatch(int signo, int index) {struct sigaction* osas = Try::___osas;return sigaction(signo, &osas[index], NULL);}}                                   g__TRY_SEH_SIGNAL__;std::unordered_map<int, Try::Stack> Try::___stack;std::mutex                          Try::___syncobj;std::runtime_error                  Try::___exception("Received an error signal thrown by the system or application during code execution.");struct sigaction                    Try::___osas[15];Try::Stack::Stack() : rbp(NULL), rsp(NULL) {this->New();}void Try::Stack::New() const {this->rbp = make_shared_alloc<Context>(MAX_STACK_FRAME);this->rsp = this->rbp.get();}void Try::Stack::Release() const {this->rbp = NULL;this->rsp = NULL;}Try::Context* Try::PushContext() {std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scope(Try::___syncobj);return Try::___stack[Hosting::GetCurrentThreadId()].Push();}Try::Context* Try::PopContext() {std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scope(Try::___syncobj);return Try::___stack[Hosting::GetCurrentThreadId()].Pop();}Try::Context* Try::PeekContext() {std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scope(Try::___syncobj);return Try::___stack[Hosting::GetCurrentThreadId()].Peek();}void Try::AllocStack(bool important) {std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scope(Try::___syncobj);int id = Hosting::GetCurrentThreadId();StackTable::iterator kv = Try::___stack.find(id);if (kv != Try::___stack.end()) {const Stack& stack = kv->second;if (important || !stack.Ptr()) {stack.New();}}else {Stack stack;Try::___stack.insert(std::make_pair(id, stack));}}void Try::ReleaseStack() {std::lock_guard<std::mutex> scope(Try::___syncobj);StackTable::iterator kv = Try::___stack.find(Hosting::GetCurrentThreadId());if (kv != Try::___stack.end()) {const Stack& stack = kv->second;stack.Release();Try::___stack.erase(kv);}}#ifndef ANDROIDvoid Try::PrintStackTrace() {char maps_string[1000] = "0";sprintf(maps_string, "cat /proc/%d/maps", getpid());system(maps_string); {printf("\nStack Addresses:\n");_Unwind_Backtrace([](struct _Unwind_Context* context, void* arg) -> _Unwind_Reason_Code {uintptr_t pc = _Unwind_GetIP(context);if (pc) {printf(" at pc:0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)pc);}return _URC_NO_REASON;}, 0); // _Unwind_Reason_Code rc, rc == _URC_END_OF_STACK ? 0 : -1;}void* stack_frames[MAX_BACKTRACE_SIZE];int nptrs = backtrace(stack_frames, MAX_BACKTRACE_SIZE);{printf("\nStack Frame: %d\n", nptrs);}char** frame_strings = backtrace_symbols(stack_frames, nptrs);if (NULL != frame_strings) {for (int i = 0; i < nptrs; i++) {printf(" at [%02d] %s\n", i, frame_strings[i]);}free(frame_strings);}}#endif
}

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