linux 源码编译 ./configure 的配置和用法

阅读目录

1. linux从源码编译到安装软件的3个步骤
2. ./configure 的配置和用法
- 基本配置
- 配置安装目录
- 微调安装目录
- 配置程序名称
- 配置系统类型
- 配置可选特性
- 配置包选项
- 配置编译环境变量
3. 综合示例

1. linux从源码编译到安装软件的3个步骤

./configure
make
make install

1）./configure:
configure是一个脚本，一般由Autoconf工具生成，它会检验当前的系统环境，看是否满足安装软件所必需的条件：比如当前系统是否支持待安装软件，是否已经安装软件依赖等。configure脚本最后会生成一个Makefile文件。
2）make
make是一个命令，它使用第1步得到的Makefile文件，如果只有"make"命令，而没有指明"目标"，一般情况下是编译源码。
3）make install
make install表示运行"目标为install的make命令"，即将编译后的结果复制到相应目录中。

2. ./configure 的配置和用法

每个configure脚本可配置参数都是不同的，具体可通过以下命令来查看：

./configure --help

下面以编译gdb-7.12.tar.gz为例，执行./configure --help

mayue6@Cpl-Ezviz-General-14-173:~/bulidspace/gdb-7.12-01/gdb-7.12/gdb$ ./configure --help
`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.Configuration:-h, --help              display this help and exit--help=short        display options specific to this package--help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages-V, --version           display version information and exit-q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking...' messages--cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]-C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'-n, --no-create         do not create output files--srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']Installation directories:--prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX[/usr/local]--exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX[PREFIX]By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.For better control, use the options below.Fine tuning of the installation directories:--bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]--sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]--libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]--sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]--sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]--localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]--libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]--includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]--oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]--datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]--datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]--infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]--localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]--mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]--docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]--htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]--dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]--pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]--psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]Program names:--program-prefix=PREFIX            prepend PREFIX to installed program names--program-suffix=SUFFIX            append SUFFIX to installed program names--program-transform-name=PROGRAM   run sed PROGRAM on installed program namesX features:--x-includes=DIR    X include files are in DIR--x-libraries=DIR   X library files are in DIRSystem types:--build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]--host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]--target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]Optional Features:--disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options--disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)--enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]--enable-maintainer-mode  enable make rules and dependencies not useful(and sometimes confusing) to the casual installer--enable-plugins        Enable support for plugins--disable-largefile     omit support for large files--disable-build-with-cxxbuild with C compiler instead of C++ compiler--enable-targets=TARGETSalternative target configurations--enable-64-bit-bfd     64-bit support (on hosts with narrower word sizes)--disable-gdbcli        disable command-line interface (CLI)--disable-gdbmi         disable machine-interface (MI)--enable-tui            enable full-screen terminal user interface (TUI)--enable-gdbtk          enable gdbtk graphical user interface (GUI)--enable-profiling      enable profiling of GDB--disable-rpath         do not hardcode runtime library paths--enable-libmcheck      Try linking with -lmcheck if available--enable-werror         treat compile warnings as errors--enable-build-warnings enable build-time compiler warnings if gcc is used--enable-gdb-build-warningsenable GDB specific build-time compiler warnings ifgcc is used--enable-sim            link gdb with simulator--enable-multi-ice      build the multi-ice-gdb-server--enable-gdbserver      automatically build gdbserver (yes/no/auto, defaultis auto)Optional Packages:--with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]--without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)--with-separate-debug-dir=PATHlook for global separate debug info in this path[LIBDIR/debug]--with-gdb-datadir=PATH look for global separate data files in this path[DATADIR/gdb]--with-relocated-sources=PATHautomatically relocate this path for source files--with-auto-load-dir=PATHdirectories from which to load auto-loaded scripts[$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load]--with-auto-load-safe-path=PATHdirectories safe to hold auto-loaded files[--with-auto-load-dir]--without-auto-load-safe-pathdo not restrict auto-loaded files locations--with-libunwind-ia64   use libunwind frame unwinding for ia64 targets--with-curses           use the curses library instead of the termcaplibrary--with-pkgversion=PKG   Use PKG in the version string in place of "GDB"--with-bugurl=URL       Direct users to URL to report a bug--with-system-zlib      use installed libz--with-gnu-ld           assume the C compiler uses GNU ld default=no--with-libiconv-prefix[=DIR]  search for libiconv in DIR/include and DIR/lib--without-libiconv-prefix     don't search for libiconv in includedir and libdir--with-iconv-bin=PATH   specify where to find the iconv program--with-system-readline  use installed readline library--with-jit-reader-dir=PATHdirectory to load the JIT readers from--with-expat            include expat support (auto/yes/no)--with-libexpat-prefix[=DIR]  search for libexpat in DIR/include and DIR/lib--without-libexpat-prefix     don't search for libexpat in includedir and libdir--with-python[=PYTHON]  include python support(auto/yes/no/<python-program>)--with-guile[=GUILE]    include guile support(auto/yes/no/<guile-version>/<pkg-config-program>)--with-intel-pt         include Intel Processor Trace support (auto/yes/no)--with-libipt-prefix[=DIR]  search for libipt in DIR/include and DIR/lib--without-libipt-prefix     don't search for libipt in includedir and libdir--without-included-regexdon't use included regex; this is the default onsystems with version 2 of the GNU C library (usewith caution on other system)--with-sysroot[=DIR]    search for usr/lib et al within DIR--with-system-gdbinit=PATHautomatically load a system-wide gdbinit file--with-lzma             support lzma compression (auto/yes/no)--with-liblzma-prefix[=DIR]  search for liblzma in DIR/include and DIR/lib--without-liblzma-prefix     don't search for liblzma in includedir and libdir--with-tcl              directory containing tcl configuration (tclConfig.sh)--with-tk               directory containing tk configuration (tkConfig.sh)--with-x                use the X Window System--with-babeltrace       include babeltrace support (auto/yes/no)--with-libbabeltrace-prefix[=DIR]  search for libbabeltrace in DIR/include and DIR/lib--without-libbabeltrace-prefix     don't search for libbabeltrace in includedir and libdirSome influential environment variables:CC          C compiler commandCFLAGS      C compiler flagsLDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in anonstandard directory <lib dir>LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>CPPFLAGS    C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> ifyou have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>CXX         C++ compiler commandCXXFLAGS    C++ compiler flagsCPP         C preprocessorMAKEINFO    Parent configure detects if it is of sufficient version.MAKEINFOFLAGSParameters for MAKEINFO.YACC        The `Yet Another C Compiler' implementation to use. Defaults tothe first program found out of: `bison -y', `byacc', `yacc'.YFLAGS      The list of arguments that will be passed by default to $YACC.This script will default YFLAGS to the empty string to avoid adefault value of `-d' given by some make applications.XMKMF       Path to xmkmf, Makefile generator for X Window SystemUse these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.Report bugs to the package provider.

基本配置

Configuration:-h, --help              display this help and exit……

-h 或 --help
输出帮助信息。即使是有经验的用户也偶尔需要使用使用’–help’选项，因为一个复杂的项目会包含附加的选项。例如，GCC包里的’configure’脚本就包含了允许你控制是否生成和在GCC中使用GNU汇编器的选项。

-V 或 --version
打印用来产生’configure’脚本的Autoconf的版本号。

配置安装目录

Installation directories:--prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX[/usr/local]--exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX[PREFIX]

--prefix=PREFIX
指定程序包的安装目录，示例./configure --prefix="$PWD/install"

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX
与’–prefix’选项类似,但是他是用来设置结构倚赖的文件的安装位置.编译好的’emacs’二进制文件就是这样一个文件.如果没有设置这个选项的话,默认使用的选项值将被设为和’–prefix’选项值一样.

微调安装目录

Fine tuning of the installation directories:--bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]--sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]……

--bindir=DIR
指定二进制文件的安装位置，这里的二进制文件定义为可以被用户直接执行的程序。

--sbindir=DIR
指定超级二进制文件的安装位置.这是一些通常只能由超级用户执行的程序。

--libexecdir=DIR
指定可执行支持文件的安装位置。与二进制文件相反，这些文件从来不直接由用户执行，但是可以被上面提到的二进制文件所执行。

--datadir=DIR
指定通用数据文件的安装位置。

--libdir=DIR
指定库文件的安装位置。

--includedir=DIR
指定为除GCC外编译器安装的C头文件的安装位置。

--infodir=DIR
指定Info格式文档的安装位置.Info是被GNU工程所使用的文档格式。

--mandir=DIR
指定手册页的安装位置。

--srcdir=DIR
这个选项对安装没有作用，他会告诉’configure’源码的位置。一般来说不用指定此选项，因为’configure’脚本一般和源码文件在同一个目录下。

配置程序名称

Program names:--program-prefix=PREFIX            prepend PREFIX to installed program names--program-suffix=SUFFIX            append SUFFIX to installed program names--program-transform-name=PROGRAM   run sed PROGRAM on installed program names

--program-prefix=my
在生成的可执行文件前加前缀my，例如，使用’–program-prefix=g’来configure一个名为’tar’的程序将会使安装的程序被命名为’gtar’。当和其他的安装选项一起使用时，这个选项只有当他被`Makefile.in’文件使用时才会工作。

--program-suffix=suffix
在生成的可执行文件上加后缀suffix。

--program-transform-name=program
将可执行文件的名字设置为program，例如，假设生成的默认可执行文件的名字为hello，执行

./configure --program-prefix=test- && make && make install

则生成名字为test-hello的可执行文件。

配置系统类型

System types:--build=BUILD     configure for building on BUILD [guessed]--host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]--target=TARGET   configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]

--build=BUILD
指定软件包安装的系统平台。如果没有指定，默认值将是’–host’选项的值。

--host=HOST
指定软件运行的系统平台。如果没有指定。将会运行`config.guess’来检测。

--target=GARGET
指定软件面向(target to)的系统平台。这主要在程序语言工具如编译器和汇编器上下文中起作用。如果没有指定，默认将使用’–host’选项的值。

示例：

./configure --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux

详细用法参考：https://blog.csdn.net/mayue_web/article/details/103987915

配置可选特性

Optional Features:--disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options……

--enable-werror
将编译警告视为错误。

配置包选项

Optional Packages:--with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]--without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)……

–with-PACKAGE[=ARG]
在自由软件社区里，有使用已有软件包和库的优秀传统。当用’configure’来配置一个源码树时，可以提供其他已经安装的软件包的信息。例如，倚赖于Tcl和Tk的BLT器件工具包。要配置BLT，可能需要给’configure’提供一些关于我们把Tcl和Tk装的何处的信息：

./configure --with-tcl=/usr/local --with-tk=/usr/local

‘–with-PACKAGE=no’与下面将提到的’–without-PACKAGE’是同义的。

--without-PACKAGE
有时候你可能不想让你的软件包与系统已有的软件包交互。例如，你可能不想让你的新编译器使用GNU ld。通过使用这个选项可以做到这一点：

./configure --without-gnu-ld

配置编译环境变量

Some influential environment variables:CC          C compiler commandCFLAGS      C compiler flags……

CC=
.c文件的编译命令，示例CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc

CFLAGS=
.c文件的编译选项，示例CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include"

LDFLAGS=
链接选项，示例LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib"

LIBS=
链接库，示例LIBS="-lpthread"

CPPFLAGS=
C/C++文件预处理选项，示例

CXX=
c++文件的编译命令，示例CXX=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-g++

CXXFLAGS=
c++文件的编译选项，示例

CPP=
C预处理器，示例

3. 综合示例

示例1：

./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --host=mipsel-linux --target=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install

示例2：

./configure CC=/usr/bin/mipsel-linux-gcc --enable-static CFLAGS="-g -O2 -I/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/include" LDFLAGS="-L/home/mayue/bulidspace/termcap-1.3.1/install/lib" --prefix=/home/mayue/bulidspace/gdb-7.6.1/install/mipsel --target=mipsel-linux --host=mipsel-linux --program-prefix=mipsel-linux-

示例3

./configure --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=mipsel-linux --prefix="$PWD/install"

参考资料
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/86112f1382da1e27379787ed.html
https://blog.csdn.net/dslztx/article/details/49079303
https://www.cnblogs.com/zl-graduate/articles/6600742.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/0d64954eb9bc