c语言实现的简单学生管理系统

简单学生管理系统–c语言

花了一个月的时间，学习了链表，文件，多文件编程，然后就开始写学生管理系统，比较简单的那种，实现了增，添，改，查，多种排序，输入的时候的限定，成绩分析的功能。遇到的问题很多，也尝试解决了，下面写点写学生管理系统的要注意的地方，希望对别人有帮助。

1.一定要先写好主函数的框架，然后再往上面加东西，这样说有点笼统，我把我的主函数在下面，可以借鉴下哈。我的主函数是一个while(1)的无限循环，里面一个switch选择，利用一个菜单函数，让其返回值当成switch选择的值，然后进入不同的功能主函数，其他功能主函数和主函数的套路一样。

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {login();    //这是个的介绍自己的函数Sleep(1000);//睡眠函数while(1){switch(menu())//主菜单选择函数{case 1:system("CLS");//清屏函数printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");head=luru();cr(head);int choice;scanf("%d",&choice);if(choice==0)break;case 2:system("CLS");//printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");paxu();int end;scanf("%d",&end);if(end==0)break;case 3:system("CLS");printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");xg();int a;scanf("%d",&a);if(a==0)break;case 4:system("CLS");printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");fx();int b; scanf("%d",&b);if(b==0)break;case 5:system("CLS");printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");Sleep(1000);exit(-1);   break; }system("PAUSE");}return 0;
}

2.输入模块一定要注意输入的格式，我采用的尾插法，每次处理好一个节点后就让用户判定是否继续输入，在格式控制方面，我当用户输入一次，就判定它是否符号规范，如果不规范，就重新输入。最后存入文件中。

3.一定要把函数写的利用率高一点，这样就可以减少代码的重复书写，这个全凭自己的写代码的风格了，我自己在这点也没有做太好，反省中，以前刚开始学c的时候有人说c语言的主体是函数，不太懂，等写完这个，感觉说的真的很对，c语言的函数写好后，在该用的时候直接引用，很方便。

完整代码

主函数

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "student.h"#include <string.h>
/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {login();//struct student *head;Sleep(1000);while(1){switch(menu()){case 1:system("CLS");printf("\t\t________学生成绩添加_______");head=luru();cr(head);int choice;scanf("%d",&choice);if(choice==0)break;case 2:system("CLS");//printf("\t\t_________学生成绩排序和删除___\d");paxu();int end;scanf("%d",&end);if(end==0)break;case 3:system("CLS");printf("\t\t__________成绩的修改__________");xg();int a;scanf("%d",&a);if(a==0)break;case 4:system("CLS");printf("\t\t___________学生信息分析_______");fx();int b; scanf("%d",&b);if(b==0)break;case 5:system("CLS");printf("\t\t___________谢谢使用哈_______\n");Sleep(1000);exit(-1);   break; }system("PAUSE");}return 0;
}

函数声明

student.h

#include <stdio.h>
struct student *temp;
struct student *head;
struct student{int num;char name[6];int yw;int sx;int yy;struct student*next;
};
int menu();
void login();
struct student* luru();
void cr(struct student *h);
struct student*cc();
int menu1();
void paxu();
void px1();
void px2();
void px3();
void px4();
void sanch();
void tj();
void xg();
void fx();

函数定义

student.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "student.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int menu()
{char n; do{system("cls");printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");printf("\t\t\t|      *****学生管理系统*****                     |\n");printf("\t\t\t|-------------------------------------------------|\n");printf("\t\t\t|          1.学生成绩录入                         |\n");printf("\t\t\t|          2.学生成绩排序和删除                   |\n");printf("\t\t\t|          3.成绩的修改                           |\n");  printf("\t\t\t|          4.学生成绩分析                         |\n");printf("\t\t\t|          5.退出程序                             |\n"); printf("\t\t\t---------------------------------------------------\n");printf("请选择1-5：");n=getch(); }while(n<'0'||n>'5');return(n-48);
}void login()
{printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t  学生信息管理系统\n\n");printf("\t\t\t     版本号：0.2\n\n");printf("\n\n\n\n\t\t\t    2017年5月10日\n\n");printf("\n\n\t\t\t      sakurakid\n");
}
struct student *luru()
{struct student*rhead ,*r,*t,*stu;rhead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));t=rhead;rhead->next=NULL;char xx;int flag=1;printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");printf("\t\t|        学生管理系统       |\n");printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");printf("\t\t|                           |\n");printf("\t\t|        输入1添加          |\n");printf("\t\t|        输入0退出          |\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n"); while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0'){xx=getch();}if(xx=='1'){system("CLS");do{system("CLS");stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));printf("\t\t_____________________________\n");printf("\t\t|        学生管理系统       |\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n");printf("\t\t|                           |\n");printf("\t\t|        输入1添加          |\n");printf("\t\t|        输入0退出          |\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________|\n"); printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);}printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);if(stu->name[0] > 0){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);}printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);}t->next=stu;t=stu;xx = getch();printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0："); while(xx!='1'&&xx!='0'){xx=getch();}}while(xx=='1');t->next=NULL;}return (rhead);
}void cr(struct student *h)
{struct student *stu;FILE*fp;if((fp=fopen("学生信息.txt","wt"))==NULL){printf("文件出错233，按任意键退出！");getch();exit(1); }for(stu=h->next;stu!=NULL;stu=stu->next){fprintf(fp,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",stu->num,stu->name,stu->yw,stu->sx,stu->yy);}fclose(fp);
}struct student*cc()
{struct student*ahead,*r,*stu;FILE*f1;f1=fopen("学生信息.txt","rt");ahead=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));ahead->next=NULL;r=ahead;while(!feof(f1)){stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));fscanf(f1,"%d %s %d %d %d\n",&stu->num,stu->name,&stu->yw,&stu->sx,&stu->yy);   r->next=stu;r=stu;}r->next=NULL;fclose(f1);return ahead;
}int menu1()
{system("CLS");char n;do{system("CLS");printf("\t\t__________________________________________________\n");printf("\t\t|                                                |\n");printf("\t\t|   1.顺序排序   2.按英语排序   3.按语文排序     |\n");printf("\t\t|   4.按数学排序 5.删除学生     6.添加学生       |\n");printf("\t\t|                                                |\n");printf("\t\t|______________按0退出___________________________|\n");printf("\t\t请选择0-6：");n=getch(); }while(n<'0'||n>'6');return (n-48);
} void paxu()
{system("CLS");char n;do{switch(menu1()){case 1:px1();break;case 2:system("CLS");px2();break;case 3:system("CLS");px3();break;case 4:system("CLS");px4();break;case 5:system("CLS");sanch();break;case 6:system("CLS");tj();break;}printf("继续输入请按1，退出请按0：");n=getch();while(n!='1'&&n!='0'){n=getch();}}while(n=='1');if(n=='0')return;
}void px1()
{struct student *t,*h; h=cc();printf("\n");printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");for(t=h->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next){printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);}
}
void px2()
{struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc();int tnum;char tname[6];int tyw;int tsx;int tyy;for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){if(p->yy < q->yy){tnum=p->num;p->num=q->num;q->num=tnum;strcpy(tname,p->name);strcpy(p->name,q->name);strcpy(q->name,tname);tyw=p->yw;p->yw=q->yw;q->yw=tyw;tsx=p->sx;p->sx=q->sx;q->sx=tsx;tyy=p->yy;p->yy=q->yy;q->yy=tyy;}} }printf("\t\t                    英语排序                                   \n");printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next){printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);}
}
void px3()
{struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc();int tnum;char tname[6];int tyw;int tsx;int tyy;for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){if(p->yw < q->yw){tnum=p->num;p->num=q->num;q->num=tnum;strcpy(tname,p->name);strcpy(p->name,q->name);strcpy(q->name,tname);tyw=p->yw;p->yw=q->yw;q->yw=tyw;tsx=p->sx;p->sx=q->sx;q->sx=tsx;tyy=p->yy;p->yy=q->yy;q->yy=tyy;      }} }printf("\t\t                    语文排序                                   \n");printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next){printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);}
}
void px4()
{struct student *p,*q,*head,*t; head=cc();int tnum;char tname[6];int tyw;int tsx;int tyy;for(p = head->next;p->next!=NULL;p=p->next){for(q=p->next;q!=NULL;q=q->next){if(p->sx < q->sx){tnum=p->num;p->num=q->num;q->num=tnum;strcpy(tname,p->name);strcpy(p->name,q->name);strcpy(q->name,tname);tyw=p->yw;p->yw=q->yw;q->yw=tyw;tsx=p->sx;p->sx=q->sx;q->sx=tsx;tyy=p->yy;p->yy=q->yy;q->yy=tyy;}} }printf("\t\t                    数学排序                                   \n");printf("\t\t%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","学号","姓名","语文","数学","英语","平均分","总分");printf("\t\t--------------------------------------------------------------\n");for(t=head->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next){printf("\t\t%10d%10s%10d%10d%10d%\n",t->num,t->name,t->yw,t->sx,t->yy);}
}
void  sanch()
{px1();struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; phead=cc();int n;int flag=0;printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");printf("\t\t|______________删除学生信息_________________________|\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");printf("\t\t请输入要删除的学生学号：");scanf("%d",&n);p=phead;for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next){if(m->num==n){printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");flag=0;break;}elseflag=1;  }if(flag==1)printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");if(flag==0){if(phead->num==n){phead=phead->next;}else{while(p->num!=n && p->next!=NULL){t=p;p=p->next;}if(p->num==n){t->next=p->next;}}printf("\t\t该学生信息已删除\n");}cr(phead);
}
void tj()
{struct student *phead,*stu; phead=cc();printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");printf("\t\t|______________添加学生信息_________________________|\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");stu=(struct student*)malloc(sizeof(struct student));printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);if(stu->num > 99999999||stu->num < 10000000){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&stu->num);}printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);if(stu->name[0] > 0){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",stu->name);}printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);if(stu->sx<0||stu->sx>100||stu->yw<0||stu->yw>100||stu->yy<0||stu->yy>100){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&stu->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&stu->yy);} stu->next=phead->next;phead->next=stu;printf("\t\t学生信息已存入\n");cr(phead);
}
void xg()
{system("CLS");char n;do{system("CLS");px1();struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; int flag=0;int timp; phead=cc();printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");printf("\t\t|______________修改学生信息_________________________|\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");printf("\t\t请输入要修改的学生学号：");scanf("%d",&timp);p=phead;for(m=phead;m!=NULL;m=m->next){if(m->num==timp){printf("\t\t已经查到改学生的信息\n");flag=0;break;}elseflag=1;  }if(flag==1)printf("\t\t抱歉，没有查到该学生的信息\n");if(flag==0){printf("\t\t该学生的原信息如下\n");printf("\t\t学号：%d\n",m->num);printf("\t\t姓名：%s\n",m->name);printf("\t\t语文：%d\n",m->yw);printf("\t\t数学：%d\n",m->sx);printf("\t\t英语：%d\n\n",m->yy);printf("\t\t请重新输入该学生的信息\n");printf("\t\t学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);if(m->num > 99999999||m->num < 10000000){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_请输入8位非负数__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入学号: ");scanf("%d",&m->num);}printf("\t\t姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);if(m->name[0] > 0){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t______姓名请输入汉字__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入姓名: ");scanf("%s",m->name);}printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);if(m->sx<0||m->sx>100||m->yw<0||m->yw>100||m->yy<0||m->yy>100){printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t_成绩请输入0-100之间__\n");printf("\t\t______________________\n");printf("\t\t重新输入成绩\n");printf("\t\t语文: ");scanf("%d",&m->yw);printf("\t\t数学: ");scanf("%d",&m->sx);printf("\t\t英语: ");scanf("%d",&m->yy);} printf("\t\t该学生信息已修改\n");cr(phead);}printf("继续修改请按1，退出请按0：");n=getch();while(n!='1'&&n!='0'){n=getch();}   }while(n=='1');if(n=='0')return;
}
void fx()
{struct student *p,*q,*phead,*t,*m; int flag=0;int jyw=0;int jsx=0;int jyy=0;int timp;int n=0; phead=cc();p=phead;for(t=p->next;t!=NULL;t=t->next){n++;if(t->sx>=60)jsx++;if(t->yw>=60)jyw++;if(t->yy>=60)jyy++;} printf("\t\t____________________________________________________\n");printf("\t\t|______________学生成绩分析_________________________|\n");printf("\t\t|___________________________________________________|\n");printf("\t\t一共录入了%d个学生成绩\n",n);printf("\t\t语文及格人数为%d\n",jyw);printf("\t\t数学及格人数为%d\n",jsx);printf("\t\t英语及格人数为%d\n",jyy); printf("\t\t分析完毕\n");printf("退出请按0：");
}

总结

以上就是我要说的了哈，忙了一个月，学的东西也都用上了，只要链表，文件会的话，写个简单的学生管理系统很简单的，希望对大家有帮助，自己也要学新东西了，如果有问题的话，欢迎支持大家指出，其实还有很多功能自己没写，比如多端登陆，图形界面等等，跟别人的差距蛮大的。