和单实例的备份和恢复稍有不同，ORACLE RAC主要是有多个实例，但是千万不要把多实例和多数据库搞混淆，在RAC中通常情况下一台服务器就是一个实例，多台服务器有一个共享存储，存储可以用RAW AMS OCFS2，而每个实例都有自己的后台进程，比如DBWR LGWR等，当然也包含RAC特有的进程LMSX LMD0等，rac通过CACHE FUSION机制达到了多节点的BUFFER CACHE共享，通过广播机制达到shared_pool的共享。这些是通过私有IP进行传递的。

但是RAC中其实数据文件，控制文件只有一份，但是日志文件每个节点都有。我一般使用控制文件来存储RMAN备份信息，所以从这里可以知道不管你再哪个节点进行RMAN备份但是其备份信息的记录都是存储在共用的控制文件中的，因此不管在哪个节点进行备份都没有影响，但是如果是归档模式，就要注意归档日志文件是每个节点都有的，但是在恢复的时候需要用到各个节点的归档日志文件，所以必须要使用NFS,OCFS或者log_archive_dest_N来设置各个节点都能访问这个目录，同时如果要在每个节点都能恢复，最好备份的备份集每个节点都能访问，并且在各个节点相同，当然这些不是必须只是为了恢复起来方便。

下面是一个测试，测试目的

1、在节点1进行备份，节点2进行恢复的测试

2、用较新的控制文件，来恢复较旧的备份集合，测试归档日志备份集的应用。

3、测试所有的控制文件和数据文件都已经丢失的不完全恢复

环境：

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

----------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Prod

PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

CORE10.2.0.5.0        Production

TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production

设置NFS目录在2个节点中共享

/archivelog

设置归档存储在/archivelog中

log_archive_dest_1                  string     location=/archivelog

1、 首先在节点1中执行全备份

RMAN> backup database format='/archivelog/bak_%s_%p_%t.bak';

Starting backup at 14-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=151 instance=ppzhu2 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/dev/raw/raw10

input datafile fno=00005 name=/dev/raw/raw8

input datafile fno=00001 name=/dev/raw/raw5

input datafile fno=00003 name=/dev/raw/raw6

input datafile fno=00002 name=/dev/raw/raw7

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/bak_10_1_745770568.bak tag=TAG20110314T142928 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/bak_11_1_745770603.bak tag=TAG20110314T142928 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished backup at 14-MAR-11

2、 在2个节点同时进行多次日志切换，生成多个日志文件。

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> r

1* alter system switch logfile

System altered.

3、 再次在节点1进行全备份，这次备份归档备份集，并且删除备份了的归档日志文件

RMAN> backup format='/archivelog/bak_%t_%s_%p.bak' database plus archivelog delete all input

2> format '/archivelog/arch_%t_%s_%p.bak';

Starting backup at 14-MAR-11

current log archived

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=125 instance=ppzhu2 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=119 recid=11 stamp=745538439

input archive log thread=1 sequence=120 recid=12 stamp=745556408

input archive log thread=1 sequence=121 recid=14 stamp=745572399

input archive log thread=1 sequence=122 recid=15 stamp=745606815

input archive log thread=1 sequence=123 recid=17 stamp=745639858

input archive log thread=1 sequence=124 recid=18 stamp=745659904

input archive log thread=1 sequence=125 recid=20 stamp=745693234

input archive log thread=1 sequence=126 recid=21 stamp=745725639

input archive log thread=1 sequence=127 recid=23 stamp=745761352

input archive log thread=1 sequence=128 recid=24 stamp=745761422

input archive log thread=1 sequence=129 recid=28 stamp=745770653

input archive log thread=1 sequence=130 recid=31 stamp=745770712

input archive log thread=1 sequence=131 recid=32 stamp=745770718

input archive log thread=1 sequence=132 recid=33 stamp=745771003

input archive log thread=2 sequence=94 recid=13 stamp=745556395

input archive log thread=2 sequence=95 recid=16 stamp=745619079

input archive log thread=2 sequence=96 recid=19 stamp=745680236

input archive log thread=2 sequence=97 recid=22 stamp=745744528

input archive log thread=2 sequence=98 recid=25 stamp=745761454

input archive log thread=2 sequence=99 recid=26 stamp=745761459

input archive log thread=2 sequence=100 recid=27 stamp=745770635

input archive log thread=2 sequence=101 recid=29 stamp=745770643

input archive log thread=2 sequence=102 recid=30 stamp=745770654

input archive log thread=2 sequence=103 recid=34 stamp=745770987

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/arch_745770993_12_1.bak tag=TAG20110314T143632 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_119_743871413.dbf recid=11 stamp=745538439

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_120_743871413.dbf recid=12 stamp=745556408

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_121_743871413.dbf recid=14 stamp=745572399

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_122_743871413.dbf recid=15 stamp=745606815

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_123_743871413.dbf recid=17 stamp=745639858

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_124_743871413.dbf recid=18 stamp=745659904

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_125_743871413.dbf recid=20 stamp=745693234

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_126_743871413.dbf recid=21 stamp=745725639

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_127_743871413.dbf recid=23 stamp=745761352

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_128_743871413.dbf recid=24 stamp=745761422

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_129_743871413.dbf recid=28 stamp=745770653

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_130_743871413.dbf recid=31 stamp=745770712

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_131_743871413.dbf recid=32 stamp=745770718

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_132_743871413.dbf recid=33 stamp=745771003

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_94_743871413.dbf recid=13 stamp=745556395

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_95_743871413.dbf recid=16 stamp=745619079

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_96_743871413.dbf recid=19 stamp=745680236

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_97_743871413.dbf recid=22 stamp=745744528

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_98_743871413.dbf recid=25 stamp=745761454

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_99_743871413.dbf recid=26 stamp=745761459

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_100_743871413.dbf recid=27 stamp=745770635

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_101_743871413.dbf recid=29 stamp=745770643

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_102_743871413.dbf recid=30 stamp=745770654

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_103_743871413.dbf recid=34 stamp=745770987

Finished backup at 14-MAR-11

Starting backup at 14-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/dev/raw/raw10

input datafile fno=00005 name=/dev/raw/raw8

input datafile fno=00001 name=/dev/raw/raw5

input datafile fno=00003 name=/dev/raw/raw6

input datafile fno=00002 name=/dev/raw/raw7

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/bak_745771030_13_1.bak tag=TAG20110314T143709 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/bak_745771065_14_1.bak tag=TAG20110314T143709 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 14-MAR-11

Starting backup at 14-MAR-11

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set

input archive log thread=1 sequence=133 recid=36 stamp=745771084

input archive log thread=2 sequence=104 recid=35 stamp=745771067

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-MAR-11

piece handle=/archivelog/arch_745771069_15_1.bak tag=TAG20110314T143749 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archive log(s)

archive log filename=/archivelog/1_133_743871413.dbf recid=36 stamp=745771084

archive log filename=/archivelog/2_104_743871413.dbf recid=35 stamp=745771067

Finished backup at 14-MAR-11

可以看到这里我的归档日志文件和备份集都存放在/archivelog中。

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ，链接：http://blog.itpub.net/24558279/viewspace-746600/，如需转载，请注明出处，否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/24558279/viewspace-746600/

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