Linux系统打包QT程序

当前测试环境是 Ubuntu18.04 桌面版本

1、安装工具

sudo apt-get install git g++ libgl1-mesa-dev
当然你的Ubuntu肯定安装了QT工具，通过QCreator等工具编译出应用程序

2、下载 linuxdeployqt 工具

linuxdeployqt 官网：https://github.com/probonopd/linuxdeployqt
进入 linuxdeployqt 修改文件 vim tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp 注释掉下面代码

// openSUSE Leap 15.0 uses glibc 2.26 and is used on OBS
// Ubuntu Xenial (16.04) uses glibc 2.23
// Ubuntu Bionic (18.04) uses glibc 2.27
/*
if (strverscmp (glcv, "2.28") >= 0) {qInfo() << "ERROR: The host system is too new.";qInfo() << "Please run on a system with a glibc version no newer than what comes with the oldest";qInfo() << "currently still-supported mainstream distribution (Ubuntu Bionic), which is glibc 2.27.";qInfo() << "This is so that the resulting bundle will work on most still-supported Linux distributions.";qInfo() << "For more information, please see";qInfo() << "https://github.com/probonopd/linuxdeployqt/issues/340";return 1;
}
*/

3、Cmake编译

修改完上面(也不一定要修改，主要是防止glibc版本不同问题)，linuxdeployqt 根目录下执行cmake CMakeLists.txt 做出 Makefile文件
sudo apt-get install cmake

yexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ cmake CMakeLists.txt
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 7.5.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 7.5.0
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Updating excludelist...
CMake Warning at tools/linuxdeployqt/CMakeLists.txt:23 (message):Updating excludelist failed, using outdated copy-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/git_linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt

执行make编译

yexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ make
[ 20%] Automatic MOC for target linuxdeployqt
[ 20%] Built target linuxdeployqt_autogen
Scanning dependencies of target linuxdeployqt
[ 40%] Building CXX object tools/linuxdeployqt/CMakeFiles/linuxdeployqt.dir/main.cpp.o
/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp:544:83: warning: ‘QSet<T> QList<T>::toSet() const [with T = QString]’ is deprecated: Use QSet<T>(list.begin(), list.end()) instead. [-Wdeprecated-declarations]deploymentInfo.deployedLibraries = deploymentInfo.deployedLibraries.toSet().toList();^
In file included from /home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/qobject.h:49:0,from /home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/qcoreapplication.h:46,from /home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/QCoreApplication:1,from /home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp:28:
/home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/qlist.h:413:13: note: declared hereQSet<T> toSet() const;^~~~~
/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp:544:92: warning: ‘QList<T> QSet<T>::toList() const [with T = QString]’ is deprecated: Use values() instead. [-Wdeprecated-declarations]deploymentInfo.deployedLibraries = deploymentInfo.deployedLibraries.toSet().toList();^
In file included from /home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/qdebug.h:52:0,from /home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/QDebug:1,from /home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/shared.h:34,from /home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/main.cpp:31:
/home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/include/QtCore/qset.h:251:14: note: declared hereQList<T> toList() const { return values(); }^~~~~~
[ 60%] Building CXX object tools/linuxdeployqt/CMakeFiles/linuxdeployqt.dir/shared.cpp.o
[ 80%] Building CXX object tools/linuxdeployqt/CMakeFiles/linuxdeployqt.dir/linuxdeployqt_autogen/mocs_compilation.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX executable linuxdeployqt
[100%] Built target linuxdeployqt

编译出的 linuxdeployqt 执行文件在 tools/linuxdeployqt 目录下

yexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ pwd
/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/git_linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqtyexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ ls -al
total 524
drwxrwxr-x 4 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 23:13 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 23:10 ..
-rwxrwxr-x 1 yexiang yexiang 366616 Sep  7 23:13 linuxdeployqt
...

可以把编译出来的 linuxdeployqt 放到 /usr/local/bin 目录下，这样任何目录下都可以执行这个命令
sudo cp linuxdeployqt /usr/local/bin

4、测试

yexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ pwd
/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/git_linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqtyexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ mkdir test
yexiang@ubuntu:<linuxdeployqt>$ cd test/# 我这边放入一个 qtcreator 编译出来的执行文件
yexiang@ubuntu:<test>$ ls
helloworld# linuxdeployqt 执行打包命令如下
yexiang@ubuntu:<test>$ ../linuxdeployqt helloworld -appimage
linuxdeployqt 7 (commit 570ca2d), build <local dev build> built on 2021-09-08 03:10:09 UTC
Not using FHS-like mode
app-binary: "/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/test/helloworld"
appDirPath: "/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/test"
relativeBinPath: "helloworld"
Keeping existing AppRun
ERROR: Could not start patchelf.
ERROR: Make sure it is installed on your $PATH.
ERROR: Error reading rpath with patchelf "libQt5Widgets.so" : ""
ERROR: Error reading rpath with patchelf "libQt5Widgets.so" : ""

这里发现错误，没有 patchelf

5、安装 patchelf

简单方法：sudo apt-get install patchelf
源代码编译方法：
下载代码：git clone https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf.git

yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$ ls -al
total 112
drwxrwxr-x 6 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 .
drwxrwxr-x 3 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 ..
-rwxrwxr-x 1 yexiang yexiang    68 Sep  7 23:48 bootstrap.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   191 Sep  7 23:48 BUGS
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   992 Sep  7 23:48 configure.ac
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang 35147 Sep  7 23:48 COPYING
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   115 Sep  7 23:48 default.nix
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   538 Sep  7 23:48 flake.lock
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  2639 Sep  7 23:48 flake.nix
drwxrwxr-x 8 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 .git
drwxrwxr-x 4 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 .github
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   410 Sep  7 23:48 .gitignore
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   133 Sep  7 23:48 Makefile.am
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  2917 Sep  7 23:48 patchelf.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   838 Sep  7 23:48 patchelf.spec.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  5502 Sep  7 23:48 README.md
drwxrwxr-x 2 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 src
drwxrwxr-x 5 yexiang yexiang  4096 Sep  7 23:48 tests
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang     4 Sep  7 23:48 version

编译过程：

yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$ ./bootstrap.sh
./bootstrap.sh: 2: ./bootstrap.sh: autoreconf: not found# 缺少autoreconf，安装autoreconf
# 安装工具： sudo apt-get install autoconf# 安装后再次运行上面的代码 生成 configure 文件# ./configure 生成 makefile文件
yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$./configure
# make 命令编译
yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$make -j
# make check 可以检查编译过程是否ok
yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$make check# 把编译出来的 patchelf文件安装到 /usr/local/bin 目录下
yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$sudo make install# 查看patchelf
yexiang@ubuntu:<tools>$ which patchelf
/usr/local/bin/patchelf

yexiang@ubuntu:<patchelf>$ ls -al
total 444
drwxrwxr-x 8 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:39 .
drwxrwxr-x 5 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 23:09 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  42915 Sep  7 20:39 aclocal.m4
drwxr-xr-x 2 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:39 autom4te.cache
-rwxrwxr-x 1 yexiang yexiang     68 Sep  7 20:37 bootstrap.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    191 Sep  7 20:37 BUGS
drwxr-xr-x 2 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:39 build-aux
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  13147 Sep  7 20:39 config.log
-rwxrwxr-x 1 yexiang yexiang  29797 Sep  7 20:39 config.status
-rwxrwxr-x 1 yexiang yexiang 161844 Sep  7 20:39 configure
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    992 Sep  7 20:37 configure.ac
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  35147 Sep  7 20:37 COPYING
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    115 Sep  7 20:37 default.nix
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    538 Sep  7 20:37 flake.lock
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   2639 Sep  7 20:37 flake.nix
drwxrwxr-x 8 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:37 .git
drwxrwxr-x 4 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:37 .github
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    410 Sep  7 20:37 .gitignore
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  28749 Sep  7 20:39 Makefile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    133 Sep  7 20:37 Makefile.am
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang  28185 Sep  7 20:39 Makefile.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   2917 Sep  7 20:37 patchelf.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    825 Sep  7 20:39 patchelf.spec
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang    838 Sep  7 20:37 patchelf.spec.in
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang   5502 Sep  7 20:37 README.md
drwxrwxr-x 3 yexiang yexiang   4096 Sep  7 20:40 src
drwxrwxr-x 7 yexiang yexiang  12288 Sep  7 20:40 tests
-rw-rw-r-- 1 yexiang yexiang      4 Sep  7 20:37 version

6、回到4步骤再次运行打包

yexiang@ubuntu:<test>$ ../linuxdeployqt helloworld -appimage
linuxdeployqt 7 (commit 570ca2d), build <local dev build> built on 2021-09-08 06:12:43 UTC
Not using FHS-like mode
app-binary: "/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/git_linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/test/helloworld"
appDirPath: "/home/yexiang/workspace/qt_package_tools/git_linuxdeployqt/linuxdeployqt/tools/linuxdeployqt/test"
relativeBinPath: "helloworld"
ERROR: Desktop file missing, creating a default one (you will probably want to edit it)
ERROR: Icon file missing, creating a default one (you will probably want to edit it)
WARNING: Plugin "/home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/plugins/platformthemes/libqgtk2.so" not found, skipping
WARNING: Plugin "/home/yexiang/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/plugins/styles/libqgtk2style.so" not found, skipping
sh: 1: appimagetool: not foundyexiang@ubuntu:<test>$ ls
AppRun  default.desktop  default.png  doc  helloworld  lib  plugins  qt.conf  translations

目前6步骤 test 目录放到其他机器上可以运行，后面还有一点等下补充，如打包成 appimage格式和 run格式

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Linux系统打包QT程序

1、安装工具

2、下载 linuxdeployqt 工具

3、Cmake编译

4、测试

5、安装 patchelf

6、回到4步骤再次运行打包

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