Spring Boot文档阅读笔记-对Messaging with RabbitMQ解析

此篇教程以Rabbitmq作为消息队列服务端，使用Spring Boot产生和发布消息。

使用Spring AMQP的RabbitTemplate发布消息，使用MessageListenerAdapter订阅消息。

其中对应的Maven如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.4.0</version><relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --></parent><groupId>cn.it1995</groupId><artifactId>demo</artifactId><version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version><name>demo</name><description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description><properties><java.version>1.8</java.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-amqp</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId><version>2.3.1</version><scope>compile</scope></dependency></dependencies><build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId></plugin></plugins></build></project>

下面是创建接受者，获取发布者的发布的消息：

package cn.it1995.demo;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;@Component
public class Receiver {private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);public void receiveMessage(String message){System.out.println("Received <" + message + ">");latch.countDown();}public CountDownLatch getLatch(){return latch;}
}

这个Receiver是POJO类，这里的POJO是指没有带有业务处理的类，当注册后，就能在任意的地方进使用。

CountDownLatch，里面会有一个接收消息的信号。

注册监听者以及发送消息

使用Spring AMQP的RabbitTemplate提供的函数用于接收消息，逻辑如下：

1. 配置消息监听者容器；

2.声明队列，交换机对其都进行绑定；

3.配置发送者组建，使得监听者能接收到。

代码如下：

package cn.it1995.demo;import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {static final String topicExchangeName = "spring-boot-exchange";static final String queueName = "spring-boot";@BeanQueue queue(){return new Queue(queueName, false);}@BeanTopicExchange exchange(){return new TopicExchange(topicExchangeName);}@BeanBinding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange){return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("foo.bar.#");}@BeanSimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter){SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);container.setQueueNames(queueName);container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);return container;}@BeanMessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver){return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");}public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);}}

listenerAdapter()方法将消息监听者注册到容器中（默认是在container()）。

queue()方法创建了AMQP的队列。exchange()方法创建了topic交换机。

binding()方法将其进行绑定。

发送测试数据到Rabbitmq

package cn.it1995.demo;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Component
public class Runner implements CommandLineRunner {private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;private final Receiver receiver;public Runner(Receiver receiver, RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate){this.receiver = receiver;this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;}@Overridepublic void run(String... args) throws Exception {System.out.println("Sending message ...");rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DemoApplication.topicExchangeName, "foo.bar.baz", "Hello from RabbitMQ!");receiver.getLatch().await(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);}
}

项目的application.properties如下：

spring.rabbitmq.host=122.xxx.xxx.xxx
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=xxxx
spring.rabbitmq.password=xxxxxxx
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/xxxxx

程序运行截图如下：

源码打包下载地址：

https://github.com/fengfanchen/Java/tree/master/SpringBootRabbitmq

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