C#编写一个扫雷游戏

基础思路

像原版一样把扫雷分为三个难度：初级难度9*9，中级难度16*16，高级难度16*30

做一个游戏需要图片资源，去网上下载了关于扫雷的有关文件，放在了项目中

扫雷的核心是用一个二维数组存储游戏区。在开始游戏时随机生成雷区，然后根据鼠标点击触发事件，思路是比较简单清晰的。雷的标记可以利用button类的Tag属性区分，0代表自身非雷周围8格有雷，1代表雷，2代表自身非雷但周围有雷。

1、首先是界面的设计

初始界面：有两个按钮，每个按钮中有三个选项

“难度”按钮中的选项应该只有一个被选中

     private void ToolStripMenuItem1_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){foreach (ToolStripMenuItem item in 难度ToolStripMenuItem1.DropDownItems){item.Checked = false;}ToolStripMenuItem checkItem = sender as ToolStripMenuItem;checkItem.Checked = true;}

开始游戏按钮是游戏的入口，需进行窗体大小的调整、提示信息刷新、雷区大小调整、雷区初始化、生成地雷。

        //游戏入口private void 开始游戏ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){//先清空显示及btn数组if (btns != null){foreach(ButtonWithPos btn in btns) Controls.Remove(btn);Array.Clear(btns, 0, WIDTH * HEIGHT);}//难度选择if (初级ToolStripMenuItem1.Checked){level = 1;mineNum = 10;WIDTH = HEIGHT = 9;}else if (中级ToolStripMenuItem1.Checked){level = 2;mineNum = 40;WIDTH = HEIGHT = 16;}else if (高级ToolStripMenuItem1.Checked){level = 3;mineNum = 99;WIDTH = 30;HEIGHT = 16;}else Application.Exit();//对象初始化mines = new Coord[mineNum];for (int i = 0; i < mineNum; i++) mines[i] = new Coord();btns = new ButtonWithPos[HEIGHT, WIDTH];visited = new bool[HEIGHT, WIDTH];BoardInit();//Reveal()函数DFS递归算法所需visited数组初始化for (int i = 0; i < HEIGHT; ++i){for (int j = 0; j < WIDTH; ++j){visited[i, j] = false;}}Generate();}

BoardInit函数用于窗口大小调整、提示信息刷新以及button数组（即雷区）的初始化：

     public void BoardInit(){int x0 = 20, y0 = 120;if (level == 1){Height = 500;Width = 375;}else if (level == 2){Height = 730;Width = 620;}else if (level == 3){Height = 730;Width = 1110;}else Application.Exit();lblMineSum.Left = x0;lblMineChecked.Left = x0;btnShow.Left = Width / 2 - 20;int  d = 35;Console.WriteLine(WIDTH + " " + HEIGHT);for (int i = 0; i < HEIGHT; ++i){for (int j = 0; j < WIDTH; ++j){ButtonWithPos button = new ButtonWithPos();button.Width = d;button.Height = d;button.Top = y0 + i * d;button.Left = x0 + j * d;button.BackgroundImage = imgNormal;button.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;button.X = j;button.Y = i;button.Tag = 0;//Tag = 0,周围无雷;1,地雷;2,周围有雷;button.Visible = true;button.Enabled = true;button.MouseDown += Button_MouseDown;btns[i, j] = button;Controls.Add(button);}}btnShow.BackgroundImage = imgSmile;btnShow.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;lblMineSum.Text = "地雷总数：" + mineNum.ToString();lblMineChecked.Text = "已标记地雷数：" + mineMarked.ToString();}

Generate函数用随机数来生成雷区

     void Generate(){Random random = new Random();bool flag;for (int i = 0; i < mineNum; ++i){int newX = random.Next(0, HEIGHT);int newY = random.Next(0, WIDTH);flag = true;while (true){flag = true;for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j){if (mines[j].X == newX && mines[j].Y == newY){flag = false;break;}}if (flag){mines[i].X = newX;mines[i].Y = newY;btns[newX, newY].Tag = 1;int left = newX - 1, right = newX + 1;int top = newY - 1, bottom = newY + 1;for (int k = left; k <= right; ++k){for (int l = top; l <= bottom; ++l){if (k >= 0 && k < HEIGHT && l >= 0 && l < WIDTH){if (k == newX && l == newY) continue;if ((int)btns[k, l].Tag != 1) btns[k, l].Tag = 2;}}}break;}else{newX = random.Next(0, HEIGHT);newY = random.Next(0, WIDTH);}}}}

2、鼠标点击处理

左键是翻开，右键是标记地雷。右键只需要进行显示的更新、标记地雷数的刷新以及检查是否胜利。左键要分翻开的类型。如果踩雷直接输掉，打开周围有雷的格子显示对应周围的雷数

        private void Button_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e){ButtonWithPos button = sender as ButtonWithPos;if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Right){if (button.BackgroundImage != imgMarked){button.BackgroundImage = imgMarked;button.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;++mineMarked;}else{button.BackgroundImage = imgNormal;--mineMarked;}lblMineChecked.Text = "已标记地雷数：" + mineMarked.ToString();bool win = CheckWin();if (win) Win();}else if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left){int row = button.Y, col = button.X;Console.WriteLine("BUTTON DOWN: " + row + col);if ((int)button.Tag == 1){Lose(button);}else if ((int)button.Tag == 2){int mineAroundSum = CalcMineAround(row, col);MineAroundShow(button, mineAroundSum);}else if ((int)button.Tag == 0){button.BackgroundImage = imgNull;Reveal(row, col);}}}

打开周围无雷的格子要复杂一些。我们实际玩扫雷的时候有时候会一下翻开一片区域，这是因为当翻开了一个周围无雷的格子，程序会继续尝试翻周围的格子，直到翻开一个周围有雷的格子。这可以用DFS算法递归实现

        void Reveal(int row, int col){visited[row, col] = true;int mineAroundSum;int left = row - 1, right = row + 1;int top = col - 1, bottom = col + 1;if ((int)btns[row, col].Tag == 0) btns[row, col].BackgroundImage = imgNull;else if ((int)btns[row, col].Tag == 1) return;else if ((int)btns[row, col].Tag == 2){mineAroundSum = CalcMineAround(row, col);MineAroundShow(btns[row, col], mineAroundSum);return;}for (int i = left; i <= right; ++i){for (int j = top; j <= bottom; ++j){if (i >= 0 && i < HEIGHT && j >= 0 && j < WIDTH){if (!visited[i, j]){//Console.WriteLine("REVEAL: " + i + j);Reveal(i, j);}}}}}

一些判断胜利失败以及胜利失败的表示的函数

 void Lose(ButtonWithPos button){btnShow.BackgroundImage = imgLose;btnShow.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;foreach (ButtonWithPos btn in btns){if ((int)btn.Tag == 1) btn.BackgroundImage = imgMineNotChosen;}button.BackgroundImage = imgMineChosen;MessageBox.Show("正中地雷！", "Oops");开始游戏ToolStripMenuItem.Enabled = true;}//检查是否胜利bool CheckWin(){bool flag = true;foreach (ButtonWithPos btn in btns){if ((int)btn.Tag == 1){if (btn.BackgroundImage != imgMarked){flag = false;break;}}}if (mineMarked != mineNum) flag = false;return flag;}//胜利表示void Win(){btnShow.BackgroundImage = imgVictory;btnShow.BackgroundImageLayout = ImageLayout.Stretch;MessageBox.Show("排雷成功！干得漂亮", "You Win!");}}

游戏截图

总结

总体来讲用C#编写一个小游戏的过程不算困难，最主要的设计的思路，这个扫雷小游戏就利用了一个随机数来生成地雷和翻格子的时候用DFS递归算法来实现，具体界面的设计在平时作业“编写一个游戏客户端”的时候已经学习到了，利用了C#窗体应用开发。

这次实验主要是了解了.NET框架

.NET的特点：

多平台：可用于开发服务器程序，桌面程序，PDA，移动电话程序。

行业标准：支持多种通信协议，XML，HTTP，SOAP，WSDL

C#与C++和C都不同，它更面向对象

C#窗体应用开发运用在这次实验上

理解事件驱动程序设计

窗体属性、方法和事件

基本控件的属性、方法和事件

消息对话框的使用

这次实验学到了很多