作者 | Julia Kho

编辑| 代码医生团队

在本文中，我们将探讨如何在python中以您想要的任何形状生成文字云。我们将通过一个示例来说明如何在房屋的自定义形状中创建简单的文字云，如上图所示。

如果您不熟悉单词云，则它是单词的图像，其中每个单词的大小表示其频率或重要性。它们是可视化文本的强大方式。词云易于阅读且易于理解。关键词突出了读者，并在观众中具有视觉吸引力。

在与项目主题相关的形状中创建文字云可以使您的可视化更加令人印象深刻。

. . .

用于生成词云的PYTHON步骤

步骤1：

导入以下python库。

from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS

from PIL import Image

import numpy as np

import urllib

import requests

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

注意1：如果出现错误，指出“No module named‘wordcloud’”，请在终端中运行以下命令以安装wordcloud。

python -m pip install wordcloud

注意2：如果您收到有关PIL的错误，请导航至以下文件：

./anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/PIL/Image.py

打开Image.py文件并更改下面的代码

if PILLOW_VERSION != getattr(core, ‘PILLOW_VERSION’, None):

raise ImportError(“The _imaging extension was built for another “

“version of Pillow or PIL:\n”

“Core version: %s\n”

“Pillow version: %s” %

(getattr(core, ‘PILLOW_VERSION’, None),

PILLOW_VERSION))

以下

if core.PILLOW_VERSION != getattr(core, ‘PILLOW_VERSION’, None):

raise ImportError(“The _imaging extension was built for another “

“version of Pillow or PIL:\n”

“Core version: %s\n”

“Pillow version: %s” %

(getattr(core, ‘PILLOW_VERSION’, None),

PILLOW_VERSION))

第2步：

添加要用于文字云的文本。我使用了以下与家庭有关的词语。

words = 'access guest guest apartment area area bathroom bed bed bed bed bed bedroom block coffee coffee coffee coffee entrance entry francisco free garden guest home house kettle kettle kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchen living located microwave neighborhood new park parking place privacy private queen room san separate separate shared space space space street suite time welcome'

第3步：

mask = np.array(Image.open(requests.get(‘http://www.clker.com/cliparts/O/i/x/Y/q/P/yellow-house-hi.png', stream=True).raw))

要获取字云的自定义形状，请查找要用作蒙版的图像。在此示例中，我使用以下图像作为大纲：

http：//www.clker.com/cliparts/O/i/x/Y/q/P/yellow-house-hi.png

步骤4：

此函数接收文本和掩码以生成自定义wordcloud。

def generate_wordcloud(words，mask)：

word_cloud = WordCloud(width = 512，height = 512，background_color ='white'，stopwords = STOPWORDS，mask = mask).generate(words)

plt.figure(figsize =(10,8)，facecolor ='white'，edgecolor ='blue')

plt.imshow(word_cloud)

plt.axis( 'OFF')

plt.tight_layout(pad=0)

plt.show()

运行以下代码行来调用函数生成wordcloud！

generate_wordcloud(words，mask)

您的最终代码应如下所示：

from wordcloud import WordCloud, STOPWORDS

from PIL import Image

import urllib

import requests

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

words = 'access guest guest apartment area area bathroom bed bed bed bed bed bedroom block coffee coffee coffee coffee entrance entry francisco free garden guest home house kettle kettle kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchen kitchenliving located microwave neighborhood new park parking place privacy private queen room san separate seperate shared space space space street suite time welcome'

mask = np.array(Image.open(requests.get('http://www.clker.com/cliparts/O/i/x/Y/q/P/yellow-house-hi.png', stream=True).raw))

# This function takes in your text and your mask and generates a wordcloud.

def generate_wordcloud(words, mask):

word_cloud = WordCloud(width = 512, height = 512, background_color='white', stopwords=STOPWORDS, mask=mask).generate(words)

plt.figure(figsize=(10,8),facecolor = 'white', edgecolor='blue')

plt.imshow(word_cloud)

plt.axis('off')

plt.tight_layout(pad=0)

plt.show()

#Run the following to generate your wordcloud

generate_wordcloud(words, mask)

玩定制词云有乐趣！您还可以根据自己的喜好调整颜色和大小。随意与我分享你最终创建的云！

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