VRRP

VRRP概述

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,即虚拟路由器冗余协议。利用VRRP，一组路由器（同一个LAN中的接口）协同工作，但只有一个处于Master状态，处于该状态的路由器（的接口）承担实际的数据流量转发任务。在一个VRRP组内的多个路由器接口一个虚拟IP地址，该地址被作为局域网内所有主句的缺省网关地址。VRRP决定哪个路由器是Master，Master路由器负责接收发送至用户网关的数据包并进行转发，以及响应PC对于其网关IP地址的ARP请求。Backup路由器侦听Master路由器的状态，并在Master路由器发生故障时，接替其工作，从而保证业务流量的平滑切换。

VRRP的工作过程

VRRP组中的设备选举出Master，Master设备通过发送免费ARP报文，将虚拟MAC地址通知给与它连接的设备或者主机。Master设备周期性向备份组内所有Backup设备发送VRRP通告报文。如果Master设备出现故障，VRRP备份组中的Backup设备选举新的Master。VRRP组状态切换时，Master设备由一台设备切换另外一台设备，新的Master设备会立即发送携带虚拟路由器的虚拟MAC地址和虚拟IP地址信息的免费ARP报文，刷新与它连接的主机或设备中的MAC表项，从而把用户流量引到新的Master设备上来，整个过程对用户完全透明。原Master设备故障恢复时，若该设备为IP地址的拥有者（则其优先级为255），将直接切换至Master状态。若该设备优先级小于255，将首先切换至Backup状态，且其优先级恢复为故障前配置的优先级。Backup设备的优先级高于Master设备时，由Backup设备的工作方式（抢占方式和非抢占方式）决定是否重新选举Master。

VRRP

VRRP路由器
运行VRRP的路由器。一台VRRP路由器（的接口）可以同时参与到多个VRRP组中，在不同的组中一台VRRP路由器可以充当不同角色。
VRRP组
一个VRRP组由多个VRRP路由器组成，使用相同的VRID进行标识，属于同一个VRRP组的VRRP路由器互相交换信息，每个VRRP组中只能有一个Master。
虚拟路由器
对于每一个VRRP组抽象出来的一个逻辑路由器，该路由器充当网络用户的网关，该路由器并非真实存在，事实上对于用户而言，只需知道虚拟路由器的IP，至于具体的虚拟路由器的角色谁来承担、数据转发任务由谁来承担、Master故障后谁来接替，这是VRRP的工作。

VRRP术语

虚拟IP地址、MAC地址：
虚拟IP地址就是虚拟路由器的IP地址，该地址实际上就是用户的网关地址
虚拟MAC地址时虚拟路由器根据VRID生成的MAC地址。一个虚拟路由器拥有一个虚拟MAC地址，格式为：00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}。
Master、Backup路由器：
Master路由器：在VRRP组职工实际转发数据包的路由器，在每一个VRRP组中，仅有Master响应对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求。Master路由器同时以一定的时间间隔发送VRRP消息，一边通知Backup路由器自己的存活情。
Backup路由器：处于监听状态的路由器，一旦Master路由器出现故障，Backup路由器即开始接替工作。
选举依据：先比较接口VRRP优先级（比大），如果相等，则比较接口IP地址（比大）。
虚拟MAC地址
通过VRRP形成的虚拟路由器使用虚拟IP地址和虚拟MAC与网络的PC通信，虚拟MAC的格式如下：最后一个字节的VRID标识虚拟路由器ID的16进制。
VRRP状态机
VRRP协议的状态共有三种分别是Initialize，Master，Backup，初始状态都是Initialize，通过比较优先级产生Master和Backup，在规定时间内,Backup若没有收到Master发来的心跳报文，切换为Master。

Master/Backup路由器
Master路由器：
定时发送VRRP通告报文，以便向Backup路由器告知自己的存货情况。以虚拟MAC地址响应其他设备对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求,转发目的MAC地址为虚拟MAC地址的IP报文。
如果它是这个虚拟IP地址的拥有者（接口实际IP地址为虚拟IP地址），则接收目的IP地址为这个虚拟IP地址的IP报文。否则，丢弃这个IP报文。如果收到比自己优先级大的报文，立即成为Backup
如果收到与自己优先级相等的VRRP报文且本地接口IP地址小于对接端口IP，立即成为Backup。
Backup路由器：
接收Master设备发送的VRRP报文通告报文，判断Master设备的状态是否正常；对虚拟IP地址的ARP请求，不做响应；丢弃目的IP地址为虚拟IP地址的IP报文。如果收到优先级和自己相同或者比自己大的报文，则重置Master-DownInterval定时器，不进一步比较IP地址；如果收到比自己优先级小的报文且该报文优先级为0时，定时器时间设置为Skew-time（偏移时间），如果该报文优先级不是0，丢弃报文，立刻成为Master。

路由器的三种状态的示意图
VRRP协议的状态共有三种，分别是Initialize，Master，Backup，初始状态都是 Initialize，通过比较优先级产生Master和Backup，在规定时间内，Backup若没有收到Master发来的心跳报文，将切换Master。

VRRP工作原理

VRRP组中的设备选举出Master。Master设备通过发送免费ARP报文，将虚拟MAC地址通知给与它连接的设备或者主机，从而承担报文转发任务。Master设备周期性向备份组内所有Backup设备发送VRRP通告报文。如果Master设备出现故障，VRRP备份组中的Backup设备重新选举新的Master。VRRP组状态切换时，Master设备由一台设备切换为另外一台设备，新的Master设备会立即发送携带虚拟路由器的虚拟MAC地址和虚拟IP地址信息的免费ARP报文，刷新与它连接的主机或设备中的MAC表项，从而把用户流量引到新的Master设备上来，整个过程对用户完全透明。原Master设备故障恢复时，若该设备为IP地址拥有者（则其优先级为255），将直接切换至Master状态。若该设备优先级小于255，将首先切换至Backup状态，且其优先级恢复为故障前配置的优先级。Backup设备的优先级高于Master设备时，由Backup设备的工作方式（抢占方式和非抢占方式）决定是否重新选举Master。

抢占

R2加入到网络后,接口的VRRP状态首先过渡到Backup,在收到R1发送的 VRRP报文后,由于本地接口的VRRP优先级大于报文中的优先级，因此如果设备激活Preempt（缺省启用）则可立即抢占Master的角色，过渡到 Master状态，R2开始发送VRRP消息。可修改抢占延迟时间，缺省时间为0s。

路由器的选举

（1）VRRP根据优先级来确定虚拟路由器中每台路由器的角色（Master路由器或Backup路由器）。优先级越高，则越有可能成为Master路由器。
（2）初始创建的路由器工作在Backup状态，通过VRRP报文的交互获知虚拟路由器中其他成员的优先级：如果VRRP报文中Master路由器的优先级高于自己的优先级，则路由器保持在Backup状态；
（3）如果VRRP报文中Master路由器的优先级低于自己的优先级，采用抢占工作方式的路由器将抢占成为Master状态，周期性地发送VRRP报文，采用非抢占工作方式的路由器仍保持Backup状态；
如果在一定时间内没有收到心跳报文（每1s发送一次），则路由器切换为Master状态。
（4）VRRP优先级的取值范围为0到255（数值越大表明优先级越高），可配置的范围是1到254，优先级0为系统保留给路由器放弃Master位置时候使用，255则是系统保留给IP地址拥有者使用。当路由器为IP地址拥有者时，其优先级始终为255。因此，当虚拟路由器内存在IP地址拥有者时，只要其工作正常，则为Master路由器。

实验一

SW1

The device is running!<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info
[Huawei]undo info-center en
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sys SW1
[SW1]int e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 10
Error: The VLAN does not exist.
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]q
[SW1]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[SW1]int e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 10
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]p l a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]int e0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p l t
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p l t
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2] User interface con0 is availablePlease Press ENTER.<SW1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[SW1]dis vrrp b
[SW1]dis vrrp br
[SW1]dis vrrp brief
Info: No VRRP backup group is configured with a virtual IPv4 address.
[SW1] User interface con0 is availablePlease Press ENTER.<Huawei>
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys sw1
[sw1]undo in
Apr 12 2021 19:40:36-08:00 sw1 DS/4/DATASYNC_CFGCHANGE:OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.5.25
.191.3.1 configurations have been changed. The current change number is 4, the c
hange loop count is 0, and the maximum number of records is 4095.fo
[sw1]undo info-center en
[sw1]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[sw1]int e0/0/3
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]d l a
Error: The license file does not exist.
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]q
[sw1]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[sw1]into e 0/0/3^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[sw1]int e0/0/3
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]d l a
Error: The license file does not exist.
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]p l a
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]p d v 10
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/3]int e0/0/4
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]p l a
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/4]int e0/0/1
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw1-Ethernet0/0/2] User interface con0 is available

R1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/0 reduced 20
Error: The VRRP does not exist.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]q
[R1]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/0 reduced 20
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/0 reduced 20^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>
<R1>int g0/0/0^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1dot1q termination vid 10ip address 192.168.1.253 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254vrrp vrid 1 priority 110vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 20vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 reduced 20arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1reduced 20^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1reduced
Error: The interface to be deleted is not in the tracked interface list of the V
RRP.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1reduced ?<cr>  Please press ENTER to execute command
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1reduced
Error: The interface to be deleted is not in the tracked interface list of the V
RRP.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0reduced 20^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]undo vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0reduced
Error: The interface to be deleted is not in the tracked interface list of the V
RRP.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]q
[R1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1dot1q termination vid 10ip address 192.168.1.253 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254vrrp vrid 1 priority 110vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 20vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 reduced 20arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2dot1q termination vid 20ip address 192.168.2.252 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 10vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 20vrrp vrid 2 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 reduced 20arp broadcast enable
#
return
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>
<R1>
<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]
[R1]
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.10.1
[R1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>######
<Huawei>
<Huawei>
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysR2^
Error: Unrecognized command found at '^' position.
[Huawei]SYS R1
[R1]vlan batch 10 20
Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done.
[R1]int g0/0/0.1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip a 192.168.1.253^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip a 192.168.1.253 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]d t v 10
Apr 12 2021 19:47:01-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]a b e
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp v
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 vir
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp
Apr 12 2021 19:47:31-08:00 R1 VRRP/2/VRRPCHANGETOMASTER:OID 16777216.50331648.10
0663296.16777216.33554432.16777216.1140850688.0.16777216 The status of VRRP chan
ged to master. (VrrpIfIndex=218103808, VrId=16777216, IfIndex=218103808, IPAddre
ss=253.1.168.192, NodeName=R1, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1, ChangeReason=proto
col timer expired(GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1 up))
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp
Apr 12 2021 19:47:31-08:00 R1 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[3]:Virtual Routerstate BACKUP changed to MASTER, because of protocol timer expired. (Interface=G
igabitEthernet0/0/0.1, VrId=16777216, InetType=IPv4)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 pri
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip a 192.168.2.252^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip a 192.168.2.252 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]d t v 20
Apr 12 2021 19:48:31-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[4]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]a b e
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 vir
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]v
Apr 12 2021 19:49:00-08:00 R1 VRRP/2/VRRPCHANGETOMASTER:OID 16777216.50331648.10
0663296.16777216.33554432.16777216.1140850688.0.16777216 The status of VRRP chan
ged to master. (VrrpIfIndex=234881024, VrId=33554432, IfIndex=234881024, IPAddre
ss=253.1.168.192, NodeName=R1, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2, ChangeReason=proto
col timer expired(GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 up))
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]v
Apr 12 2021 19:49:00-08:00 R1 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[5]:Virtual Routerstate BACKUP changed to MASTER, because of protocol timer expired. (Interface=G
igabitEthernet0/0/0.2, VrId=33554432, InetType=IPv4)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 preept-m
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode t
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 preempt-mode timer delay 10
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]q
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 192.168.10.254 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 12 2021 19:50:18-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[6]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 12 2021 19:52:56-08:00 R1 VRRP/2/VRRPMASTERDOWN:OID 16777216.50331648.100663
296.16777216.67108864.16777216.3674669056.83886080.419430400.2130706432.33554432
.503316480.16777216 The state of VRRP changed from master to other state. (VrrpI
fIndex=234881024, VrId=33554432, IfIndex=234881024, IPAddress=253.1.168.192, Nod
eName=R1, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2, CurrentState=Backup, ChangeReason=prior
ity calculation)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 12 2021 19:52:56-08:00 R1 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[7]:Virtual Routerstate MASTER changed to BACKUP, because of priority calculation. (Interface=Gig
abitEthernet0/0/0.2, VrId=33554432, InetType=IPv4)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]ip route-s
[R1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.10.1
[R1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R1>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
Apr 12 2021 20:01:32-08:00 R1 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:32-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1 has entered the DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:32-08:00 R1 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[2]:Virtual Routerstate MASTER changed to INITIALIZE, because of interface down. (Interface=Gigab
itEthernet0/0/0.1, VrId=16777216, InetType=IPv4)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:32-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 has entered the DOWN state.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:32-08:00 R1 VRRP/2/VRRPMASTERDOWN:OID 16777216.50331648.100663
296.16777216.67108864.16777216.3674669056.83886080.419430400.2130706432.33554432
.503316480.16777216 The state of VRRP changed from master to other state. (VrrpI
fIndex=218103808, VrId=16777216, IfIndex=218103808, IPAddress=253.1.168.192, Nod
eName=R1, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1, CurrentState=Initialize, ChangeReason=i
nterface down)
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-sta
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 192.168.10.1
[R1]

R2

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1dot1q termination vid 10ip address 192.168.1.252 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 10arp broadcast enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2dot1q termination vid 20ip address 192.168.2.253 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254vrrp vrid 2 priority 110arp broadcast enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface NULL0
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.1
ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 192.168.20.1
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return<R2>sys
[R2]undo ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.20.1
[R2]dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#sysname R2
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#
vlan batch 10 20
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa authentication-scheme defaultauthorization-scheme defaultaccounting-scheme defaultdomain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Localpriority 15
#
interface Ethernet0/0/0
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
#
interface Ethernet0/0/4
#
interface Ethernet0/0/5
#
interface Ethernet0/0/6
#
interface Ethernet0/0/7
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1dot1q termination vid 10ip address 192.168.1.252 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 10arp broadcast enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2dot1q termination vid 20ip address 192.168.2.253 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254vrrp vrid 2 priority 110arp broadcast enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
#
interface NULL0
#
ip route-static 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 192.168.20.1
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4<Huawei>SYS
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]SYS R2
[R2]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R2>
<R2>
<R2>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R2]int g0/0/0.1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]ip a 192.168.1.252 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]d t v 10
Apr 12 2021 19:50:57-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]a b e
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 vir
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 pree
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode t
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 10
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1]int g0/0/0.2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]ip a 192.168.2.253 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]d t v 20
Apr 12 2021 19:52:03-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]a b e
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 virtu
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 pri
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]
Apr 12 2021 19:52:56-08:00 R2 VRRP/2/VRRPCHANGETOMASTER:OID 16777216.50331648.10
0663296.16777216.33554432.16777216.1140850688.0.16777216 The status of VRRP chan
ged to master. (VrrpIfIndex=234881024, VrId=33554432, IfIndex=234881024, IPAddre
ss=252.1.168.192, NodeName=R2, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2, ChangeReason=prior
ity calculation(GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2 up))
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]
Apr 12 2021 19:52:56-08:00 R2 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[2]:Virtual Routerstate BACKUP changed to MASTER, because of priority calculation. (Interface=Gig
abitEthernet0/0/0.2, VrId=33554432, InetType=IPv4)
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0.2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 192.168.20.254 24
Apr 12 2021 19:53:15-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]ip route-s
[R2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 192.168.20.1
[R2]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:35-08:00 R2 VRRP/2/VRRPCHANGETOMASTER:OID 16777216.50331648.10
0663296.16777216.33554432.16777216.1140850688.0.16777216 The status of VRRP chan
ged to master. (VrrpIfIndex=218103808, VrId=16777216, IfIndex=218103808, IPAddre
ss=252.1.168.192, NodeName=R2, IfName=GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1, ChangeReason=proto
col timer expired(GigabitEthernet0/0/0.1 up))
[R2]
Apr 12 2021 20:01:35-08:00 R2 %%01VRRP/4/STATEWARNINGEXTEND(l)[4]:Virtual Routerstate BACKUP changed to MASTER, because of protocol timer expired. (Interface=G
igabitEthernet0/0/0.1, VrId=16777216, InetType=IPv4)
[R2]

R3

The device is running!<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int loo
[Huawei]int LoopBack ^
Error:Incomplete command found at '^' position.
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
Apr 12 2021 16:16:10-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.1 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 12 2021 16:16:23-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocolIP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int lo
[Huawei]int LoopBack 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
Error: The address already exists.
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]
[Huawei]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]ip route-s
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 24 192.168.10.254
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 24 192.168.20.254
[Huawei]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 0.0.0.0 24 192.168.10.254
[Huawei]
[Huawei]undo ip route-static 0.0.0.0 24 192.168.20.254
[Huawei]
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.10.254
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.20.254
[Huawei]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.254
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.254
#
return
[Huawei]dis cu
[V200R003C00]
#snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000snmp-agent
#clock timezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00
#
portal local-server load portalpage.zip
#drop illegal-mac alarm
#undo info-center enable
#set cpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
#
aaa authentication-scheme defaultauthorization-scheme defaultaccounting-scheme defaultdomain default domain default_admin local-user admin password cipher %$%$K8m.Nt84DZ}e#<0`8bmE3Uw}%$%$local-user admin service-type http
#
firewall zone Localpriority 15
#
interface Ethernet0/0/0
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
#
interface Ethernet0/0/4
#
interface Ethernet0/0/5
#
interface Ethernet0/0/6
#
interface Ethernet0/0/7
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface NULL0
#
interface LoopBack0ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.254
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.254
#
user-interface con 0authentication-mode password
user-interface vty 0 4
user-interface vty 16 20
#
wlan ac
#
return
[Huawei]
[Huawei]
[Huawei]
[Huawei]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<Huawei>SYS
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]SYS R3
[R3]Please check whether system data has been changed, and save data in timeConfiguration console time out, please press any key to log on<R3>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 192.168.10.1 24
Apr 12 2021 19:53:43-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 192.168.20.1 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
Apr 12 2021 19:54:03-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]int loo
[R3]int LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip a 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q
[R3]ip route-s
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.10.254
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.20.254
[R3]

PC1

SW1和R1shutdown后 PC2

实验二

SW1

[Huawei]sysname sw1
[sw1]vlan b 10 20
[sw1]stp re
[sw1]stp region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]re
[sw1-mst-region]region-name zwh
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]q
[sw1]stp mode mstp
[sw1]stp instance 1 root primary
[sw1]stp instance 2 root secondary
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[sw1]int vlanif 10
[sw1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[sw1-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[sw1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.253 24
[sw1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw1-Vlanif20]q
[sw1]dis vrrp br
VRID  State        Interface                Type     Virtual IP
----------------------------------------------------------------
1     Master       Vlanif10                 Normal   192.168.1.254
2     Backup       Vlanif20                 Normal   192.168.2.254
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total:2     Master:1     Backup:1     Non-active:0

SW2

[Huawei]sysname sw2
[sw2]vlan b 10 20
[sw2]stp region-configuration
[sw2-mst-region]re
[sw2-mst-region]region-name zwh
[sw2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw2-mst-region]act
[sw2-mst-region]active re
[sw2-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw2-mst-region]q
[sw2]stp instance 1 root secondary
[sw2]stp instance 2 root primary
[sw2]int g0/0/1
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[sw2]int vlan 10
[sw2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.253 24
[sw2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw2-Vlanif10]int vlan 20
[sw2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.252 24
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 110
[sw2-Vlanif20]q
[sw2]dis vrrp brief
VRID  State        Interface                Type     Virtual IP
----------------------------------------------------------------
1     Backup       Vlanif10                 Normal   192.168.1.254
2     Master       Vlanif20                 Normal   192.168.2.254
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total:2     Master:1     Backup:1     Non-active:0

SW3

[Huawei]sysname sw3
[sw3]vlan b 10 20
[sw3]stp region-configuration
[sw3-mst-region]region-name zwh
[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw3-mst-region]q
[sw3]int g0/0/1
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p d v 10
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]q
[sw3]dis stp brMSTID  Port                        Role  STP State     Protection0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        ALTE  DISCARDING      NONE0    GigabitEthernet0/0/3        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE0    GigabitEthernet0/0/4        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE

PC1

PC2

实验三

SW1

[Huawei]sysname sw1
[sw1]vlan b 10 20
[sw1]stp region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]region-name zwh
[sw1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw1-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw1-mst-region]q
[sw1]int g0/0/1
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int vlanif 10
[sw1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.252 24
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[sw1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 110
[sw1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[sw1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.253 24
[sw1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[sw1-Vlanif20]q
[sw1]int vlanif 20
[sw1-Vlanif20]dis this
[sw1]dis vrrp 1

SW2

<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]vlan b 10 20
[Huawei]stp region-configuration
[Huawei-mst-region]region-name zwh
[Huawei-mst-region]active region-configuration
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[Huawei-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[Huawei-mst-region]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int vlanif 10
[Huawei-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.1.253 24
[Huawei-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.1.254
[Huawei-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20
[Huawei-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.2.252 24
[Huawei-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 vir
[Huawei-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.2.254
[Huawei-Vlanif20]q

SW3

[Huawei]sysname sw3
[sw3]vlan b 10 20
[sw3]stp region-configuration
[sw3-mst-region]region-name zwh
[sw3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 10
[sw3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 20
[sw3-mst-region]active region-configuration
[sw3-mst-region]q
[sw3]int g0/0/1
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p l t
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]p t a v a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/3
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]p d v 10
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p l a
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]p d v 20
[sw3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]q

PING一下试一试

断开后

2021年4月12日关于VRRP！！！相关推荐

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2021年4月12日关于VRRP！！！

VRRP

VRRP概述

VRRP的工作过程

VRRP

VRRP术语

VRRP工作原理

抢占

路由器的选举

实验一

SW1

R1

R2

R3

PC1

SW1和R1shutdown后 PC2

实验二

SW1

SW2

SW3

PC1

PC2

实验三

SW1

SW2

SW3

断开后

2021年4月12日关于VRRP！！！相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章

2021年4月12日 关于VRRP！！！

VRRP

VRRP概述

VRRP的工作过程

VRRP

VRRP术语

VRRP工作原理

抢占

路由器的选举

实验一

SW1

R1

R2

R3

PC1

SW1和R1shutdown后 PC2

实验二

SW1

SW2

SW3

PC1

PC2

实验三

SW1

SW2

SW3

断开后

2021年4月12日 关于VRRP！！！相关推荐

最新文章

热门文章

2021年4月12日关于VRRP！！！

2021年4月12日关于VRRP！！！相关推荐