ads1115与树莓派

Raspberry Pi 读取模拟信号

急需求解:

使用Raspberry Pi读取输出模拟信号

由于Raspberry Pi 3B内部没有集成ADC，因此需要外接 ADC 来进行模数转换。外接 ADC 选用的是 ADS1115， I2C 的通讯方式实现起来相对容易些。

简单介绍一下ADS模拟-数字转换器

特点：

1）超小型QFN封装：2mm1.5mm0.4mm
2）宽电源电压范围：2.0V-5.5V
3）低消耗电流：连续模式：只有150u单次模式，自动关闭
4）可编成数据速率：8SPS到860SPS
5）内部底漂移电压基准
6）内部振荡器
7）内部PGA
8）I2C接口：引脚可选择的地址
9）四个单端或两个差分输入（ADS1115）
10）可编成比较器（ADS1114和ADS1115）
11）工作温度：-40摄氏度到+140摄氏度

应用

1）便携式仪表
2）消费品
3）电池监控
4）温度测量
5）工厂自动化和过程控制

引脚与地址访问

根据ADDR引脚连接不到不同的引脚上，其I2C的访问地址是不同的：

当ADDR引脚连接到GND时，地址为：0x48（0100, 1000B）
当ADDR引脚连接到VDD时，地址为：0x49（0100, 1001B）
当ADDR引脚连接到SDA时，地址为：0x4A（0100, 1010B）
当ADDR引脚连接到SCL时，地址为：0x4B（0100, 1011B）

根据以上可以得到，我们一个I2C接口单层级联，可以同时连接4个ADS1115,也就是单层一个I2C接口可以同时测量16路16位的模拟电压量。

接线

VDD - 5V

GND - GND

SCL - SCL

SDA - SDA

ADDR - GND

A0 - MQ 传感器的 A0

树莓派IIC接口配置

1.ssh方式登录树莓派；
2.执行sudo su 切换成root用户，如果你是root用户登录，请忽略这一步；
3.执行sudo raspi-config，出现如下界面，键盘上下键选择第5个，然后按回车键进入；

4.继续按键盘上下键，还是第5个，进入IIC；

5.选择是

6.检查I2C设备是否在线

sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
sudo i2cdetect -y 1

贴上代码实现功能

ads1115.c

#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <wiringPiI2C.h>
#include "ads1115.h"/* ADS1115 analogRead function
*===================================*/static int myAnalogRead(struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, int pin) {int chan = pin - node->pinBase;int data[2];int value;// Start with default valuesint config = ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_NONE    | // Disable the comparator (default val)ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CLAT_NONLAT  | // Non-latching (default val)ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CPOL_ACTVLOW | // Alert/Rdy active low   (default val)ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CMODE_TRAD   | // Traditional comparator (default val)ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_860SPS   | // 860 samples per second (max)ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MODE_SINGLE;   // Single-shot mode (default)//ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MODE_CONTIN;   // Continuous mode (doesn't work with more than one channel)// Set PGA/voltage rangeconfig |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_4_096V;// Set single-ended input chanswitch (chan){case (0):config |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_0;break;case (1):config |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_1;break;case (2):config |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_2;break;case (3):config |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_3;break;}// Set 'start single-conversion' bitconfig |= ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_OS_SINGLE;// Sent the config data in the right orderconfig = ((config >> 8) & 0x00FF) | ((config << 8) & 0xFF00);wiringPiI2CWriteReg16(node->fd, ADS1015_REG_POINTER_CONFIG, config);// Wait for conversion to completedelay(2); // (1/SPS rounded up)wiringPiI2CWrite(node->fd, ADS1015_REG_POINTER_CONVERT);data[0] = wiringPiI2CRead(node->fd);data[1] = wiringPiI2CRead(node->fd);value = ((data[0] << 8) & 0xFF00) | data[1];// wiringPi doesn't include stdint so everything is an int (int32), this should account for thisif (value > 0x7FFF) {return (value - 0xFFFF);} else {return value;}
}/* ADS1115 ADC setup:*    create ADS1115 device.*    id is the address of the chip (0x48 default)
*===============================================*/int ads1115Setup(const int pinBase, int id) {struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node;node = wiringPiNewNode(pinBase,4);node->fd = wiringPiI2CSetup(id);node->analogRead = myAnalogRead;if (node->fd < 0) {return -1;} else {return 0;}
}

ads1115.h

/*=========================================================================I2C ADDRESS/BITS-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/#define ADS1015_ADDRESS                 (0x48)    // 1001 000 (ADDR = GND)
/*=========================================================================*//*=========================================================================CONVERSION DELAY (in mS)-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/#define ADS1015_CONVERSIONDELAY         (1)#define ADS1115_CONVERSIONDELAY         (8)
/*=========================================================================*//*=========================================================================POINTER REGISTER-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/#define ADS1015_REG_POINTER_MASK        (0x03)#define ADS1015_REG_POINTER_CONVERT     (0x00)#define ADS1015_REG_POINTER_CONFIG      (0x01)#define ADS1015_REG_POINTER_LOWTHRESH   (0x02)#define ADS1015_REG_POINTER_HITHRESH    (0x03)
/*=========================================================================*//*=========================================================================CONFIG REGISTER-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_OS_MASK      (0x8000)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_OS_SINGLE    (0x8000)  // Write: Set to start a single-conversion#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_OS_BUSY      (0x0000)  // Read: Bit = 0 when conversion is in progress#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_OS_NOTBUSY   (0x8000)  // Read: Bit = 1 when device is not performing a conversion#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_MASK     (0x7000)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_DIFF_0_1 (0x0000)  // Differential P = AIN0, N = AIN1 (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_DIFF_0_3 (0x1000)  // Differential P = AIN0, N = AIN3#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_DIFF_1_3 (0x2000)  // Differential P = AIN1, N = AIN3#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_DIFF_2_3 (0x3000)  // Differential P = AIN2, N = AIN3#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_0 (0x4000)  // Single-ended AIN0#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_1 (0x5000)  // Single-ended AIN1#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_2 (0x6000)  // Single-ended AIN2#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MUX_SINGLE_3 (0x7000)  // Single-ended AIN3#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_MASK     (0x0E00)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_6_144V   (0x0000)  // +/-6.144V range = Gain 2/3#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_4_096V   (0x0200)  // +/-4.096V range = Gain 1#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_2_048V   (0x0400)  // +/-2.048V range = Gain 2 (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_1_024V   (0x0600)  // +/-1.024V range = Gain 4#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_0_512V   (0x0800)  // +/-0.512V range = Gain 8#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_PGA_0_256V   (0x0A00)  // +/-0.256V range = Gain 16#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MODE_MASK    (0x0100)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MODE_CONTIN  (0x0000)  // Continuous conversion mode#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_MODE_SINGLE  (0x0100)  // Power-down single-shot mode (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_MASK      (0x00E0)  #define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_128SPS    (0x0000)  // 128 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_250SPS    (0x0020)  // 250 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_490SPS    (0x0040)  // 490 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_920SPS    (0x0060)  // 920 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_1600SPS   (0x0080)  // 1600 samples per second (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_2400SPS   (0x00A0)  // 2400 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_DR_3300SPS   (0x00C0)  // 3300 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_8SPS       ( 0x0000 )  // 8 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_16SPS      ( 0x0020 )  // 16 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_32SPS      ( 0x0040 )  // 32 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_64SPS      ( 0x0060 )  // 64 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_128SPS     ( 0x0080 )  // 128 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_250SPS     ( 0x00A0 )  // 250 samples per second (default)#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_475SPS     ( 0x00C0 )  // 475 samples per second#define ADS1115_REG_CONFIG_DR_860SPS     ( 0x00E0 )  // 860 samples per second#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CMODE_MASK   (0x0010)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CMODE_TRAD   (0x0000)  // Traditional comparator with hysteresis (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CMODE_WINDOW (0x0010)  // Window comparator#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CPOL_MASK    (0x0008)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CPOL_ACTVLOW (0x0000)  // ALERT/RDY pin is low when active (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CPOL_ACTVHI  (0x0008)  // ALERT/RDY pin is high when active#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CLAT_MASK    (0x0004)  // Determines if ALERT/RDY pin latches once asserted#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CLAT_NONLAT  (0x0000)  // Non-latching comparator (default)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CLAT_LATCH   (0x0004)  // Latching comparator#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_MASK    (0x0003)#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_1CONV   (0x0000)  // Assert ALERT/RDY after one conversions#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_2CONV   (0x0001)  // Assert ALERT/RDY after two conversions#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_4CONV   (0x0002)  // Assert ALERT/RDY after four conversions#define ADS1015_REG_CONFIG_CQUE_NONE    (0x0003)  // Disable the comparator and put ALERT/RDY in high state (default)
/*=========================================================================*/#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "c" {#endifextern int ads1115Setup(int pinBase, int id);#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

ads1115_read.c

#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <ads1115.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int16_t value;double voltage;ads1115Setup(100,0x48);for (;;) {value = (int16_t) analogRead(100);voltage = value * (4.096 / 32768);printf("ADS1115 Reading: %d\n\r",value);printf("ADS1115 Voltage: %g\n\r",voltage);delay(1000);} return 0;
}

执行gcc ads1115.c ads1115.h ads1115_read.c -lwiringPi -o ads运行程序
执行./ads出现结果

完成！！！