ceph RBD块存储常规操作

查看pools
创建一个pool，包含64个pg和64个pgp

[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool create ceph-demo 64 64

pool 'ceph-demo' created

[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd lspools

1 ceph-demo

查看pg和pgp

[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool get ceph-demo pg_num
pg_num: 64
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool get ceph-demo pgp_num
pgp_num: 64
#副本数，默认就是3个
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool get ceph-demo size
size: 3

调整pg和pgp

[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool set ceph-demo pg_num 128
set pool 1 pg_num to 128
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool set ceph-demo pgp_num 128
set pool 1 pgp_num to 128
查看
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c16b9145-7216-4058-8bfb-c9b7b2b702de
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum node-1,node-2,node-3 (age 2w)
    mgr: node-1(active, since 2w), standbys: node-2, node-3
    osd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 2w), 3 in (since 2w)

  data:
    pools:   1 pools, 128 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0 B
    usage:   3.0 GiB used, 147 GiB / 150 GiB avail
    pgs:     128 active+clean

创建rbd

 rbd create -p ceph-demo --image rbd-demo.img --size 10G
查看
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo ls
rbd-demo.img[root@node-1 ~]# rbd info ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img
rbd image 'rbd-demo.img':size 10 GiB in 2560 objectsorder 22 (4 MiB objects)snapshot_count: 0id: 1143ee2e8a3ablock_name_prefix: rbd_data.1143ee2e8a3aformat: 2features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flattenop_features: flags: create_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020access_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020modify_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020删除rbd
rbd rm -p ceph-demo --image rbd-demo.img挂载块设备
禁用新特性，3.10内核不支持
rbd feature disable ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img deep-flatten
rbd feature disable ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img fast-diff
rbd feature disable ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img object-map
rbd feature disable ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img exclusive-lock    查看
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo info rbd-demo.img
rbd image 'rbd-demo.img':size 10 GiB in 2560 objectsorder 22 (4 MiB objects)snapshot_count: 0id: 1143ee2e8a3ablock_name_prefix: rbd_data.1143ee2e8a3aformat: 2features: layeringop_features: flags: create_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020access_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020modify_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020创建
创建
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd map ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img
/dev/rbd0
查看
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd device list
id pool      namespace image        snap device
0  ceph-demo           rbd-demo.img -    /dev/rbd0 [root@node-1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/rbd0: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4194304 bytes / 4194304 bytes然后就可以进行格式化，分区操作了
mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd0
lsblk
mkdir /mnt/rbd-demo
mount /dev/rbd0 /mnt/rbd-demo
df -h

扩容

 当前10个G
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo info rbd-demo.img
rbd image 'rbd-demo.img':size 10 GiB in 2560 objectsorder 22 (4 MiB objects)snapshot_count: 0id: 1143ee2e8a3ablock_name_prefix: rbd_data.1143ee2e8a3aformat: 2features: layeringop_features: flags: create_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020access_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020modify_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020[root@node-1 ~]# rbd resize ceph-demo/rbd-demo.img --size 20G
Resizing image: 100% complete...done.扩容后，变成20个G
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo info rbd-demo.img
rbd image 'rbd-demo.img':size 20 GiB in 5120 objectsorder 22 (4 MiB objects)snapshot_count: 0id: 1143ee2e8a3ablock_name_prefix: rbd_data.1143ee2e8a3aformat: 2features: layeringop_features: flags: create_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020access_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020modify_timestamp: Tue Nov 17 14:57:35 2020
但是只是对底层进行扩容，但是对于磁盘分区没有扩容
resize2fs /dev/rbd0缩容不建议错，很容易造成数据丢失

告警排查

健康状态详情
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph health detail
HEALTH_WARN application not enabled on 1 pool(s)
POOL_APP_NOT_ENABLED application not enabled on 1 pool(s)application not enabled on pool 'ceph-demo'use 'ceph osd pool application enable <pool-name>
<app-name>', where <app-name> is 'cephfs', 'rbd', 'rgw', or
freeform for custom applications.一个资源池没有启用application，解决方案是启用起来，并且指定应用类型
解决
[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool application enable ceph-demo rbd
enabled application 'rbd' on pool 'ceph-demo'[root@node-1 ~]# ceph osd pool application get ceph-demo
{"rbd": {}
}查看状态[root@node-1 ~]# ceph -scluster:id:     c16b9145-7216-4058-8bfb-c9b7b2b702dehealth: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum node-1,node-2,node-3 (age 2w)mgr: node-1(active, since 2w), standbys: node-2, node-3osd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 2w), 3 in (since 2w)data:pools:   1 pools, 128 pgsobjects: 4 objects, 35 Busage:   3.0 GiB used, 147 GiB / 150 GiB availpgs:     128 active+clean

Ceph集群维护

1. 物理机器关机维护

迁移相关虚拟机/业务至其他节点(openstack等需要把虚拟机迁移出去);

在MON或者有admin权限的节点执行操作:

# 设置OSD的锁定
for i in noout nobackfill norecovery;do ceph osd set $i;done
# 完成机器维护后,加电,重新同步数据
for i in noout nobackfill norecovery;do ceph osd unset $i;done

2. 用systemctl控制Ceph

# start/stop all ceph-mds@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-mds.target
# start/stop all ceph-mgr@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-mgr.target
# start/stop all ceph-mon@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-mon.target
# start/stop all ceph-osd@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-osd.target
# start/stop all ceph-radosgw@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph-radosgw.target
# start/stop all ceph*@.service instances at once
systemctl start/stop/restart ceph.target

3. Ceph常用监测命令

# 检查集群状态
ceph health
ceph status
ceph quorum_status
ceph mon_status
# 观察集群内正发生的事件
ceph -w/-s# 检查集群的使用情况
ceph df
# 检查 OSD 状态
ceph osd stat
ceph osd dump
# 打印 CRUSH 树
ceph osd tree# 检查 Mon 状态
ceph mon stat
ceph mon dump
# 检查MON法定人数状态
ceph quorum_status -f json-pretty# 检查 MDS 状态
ceph mds stat
ceph mds dump
-----------------------------------# 监控 PG
ceph pg dump
# 查看指定 PG 的 Acting Set 或 Up Set 中包含的 OSD
ceph pg map {pg-num}

查看机器的监控状态

ceph health1
查看ceph的实时运行状态
ceph -w1

检查信息状态信息

ceph -s1

查看ceph存储空间

ceph df1

删除一个节点的所有的ceph数据包

ceph-deploy purge node1
ceph-deploy purgedata node112

创建管理用户
为ceph创建一个admin用户并为admin用户创建一个密钥，把密钥保存到/etc/ceph目录下：

ceph auth get-or-create client.admin mds 'allow' osd 'allow *' mon 'allow *' > /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
或
ceph auth get-or-create client.admin mds 'allow' osd 'allow *' mon 'allow *' -o /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring123

为osd.0创建一个用户并创建一个key

ceph auth get-or-create osd.0 mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring1

为mds.node1创建一个用户并创建一个key

ceph auth get-or-create mds.node1 mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *' -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-node1/keyring1

查看ceph集群中的认证用户及相关的key

ceph auth list1

删除集群中的一个认证用户

ceph auth del osd.01

查看集群的详细配置
ceph daemon mon.node1 config show | more1

查看集群健康状态细节

ceph health detail1

查看ceph log日志所在的目录

ceph-conf --name mon.node1 --show-config-value log_file1

mon命令

ceph mon stat#查看mon的状态信息ceph mon dump#查看ceph映射信息ceph mon remove node1 #删除一个mon节点  ceph-deploy mon destroy {host-name [host-name]...}ceph mon add node1 node1_ip #添加一个mon节点  ceph-deploy mon create {host-name [host-name]...} mon节点的/var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-node2/store.db文件内容一致，添加mon注意先改配置目录配置文件，再推送到所有节点ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push  node1 node2 node3

mds命令

ceph mds stat #查看msd状态ceph mds dump #msd的映射信息ceph mds rm 0 mds.node1#删除一个mds节点ceph-deploy mds create {host-name}[:{daemon-name}] [{host-name}[:{daemon-name}] ...]

osd命令

ceph osd stat #查看osd状态ceph osd dump #osd的映射信息ceph osd tree#查看osd目录树ceph osd down 0   #down掉osd.0节点ceph osd rm 0#集群删除一个osd硬盘ceph osd crush remove osd.4#删除标记ceph osd getmaxosd#查看最大osd个数ceph osd setmaxosd 10#设置osd的个数ceph osd out osd.3#把一个osd节点逐出集群ceph osd in osd.3#把逐出的osd加入集群ceph osd pause#暂停osd （暂停后整个集群不再接收数据）ceph osd unpause#再次开启osd （开启后再次接收数据）

pg命令

ceph pg stat#查看pg状态ceph pg dump#查看pg组的映射信息ceph pg map 0.3f#查看一个pg的mapceph pg  0.26 query#查看pg详细信息ceph pg dump --format plain#显示一个集群中的所有的pg统计

osd命令

ceph osd lspools#查看ceph集群中的pool数量ceph osd pool create jiayuan 100#创建一个pool  这里的100指的是PG组ceph osd pool delete jiayuan  jiayuan  --yes-i-really-really-mean-it  #集群名字需要重复两次rados df#显示集群中pool的详细信息ceph osd pool get data pg_num  #查看data池的pg数量ceph osd pool set data target_max_bytes 100000000000000#设置data池的最大存储空间为100T（默认是1T)ceph osd pool set data size 3  #设置data池的副本数是3ceph osd pool set data min_size 2 #设置data池能接受写操作的最小副本为2ceph osd pool set data pg_num 100#设置一个pool的pg数量ceph osd pool set data pgp_num 100#设置一个pool的pgp数量

rados和rbd命令

rados lspools#查看ceph集群中有多少个pool （只是查看pool)rados df #查看ceph集群中有多少个pool,并且每个pool容量及利用情况rados mkpool test#创建一个poolrados create test-object -p test#创建一个对象object rados rm test-object-1 -p test#删除一个对象object rados -p test lsrbd ls pool_name#查看ceph中一个pool里的所有镜像rbd info -p pool_name --image 74cb427c-cee9-47d0-b467-af217a67e60a #查看ceph pool中一个镜像的信息rbd create -p test --size 10000 zhanguo#在test池中创建一个命名为zhanguo的10000M的镜像rbd rm  -p test  lizhanguo #删除一个镜像rbd resize -p test --size 20000 zhanguo  #调整一个镜像的尺寸

创建一个osd

ceph-deploy disk zap {osd-server-name}:{disk-name}   #擦净磁盘ceph-deploy osd prepare {node-name}:{disk}[:{path/to/journal}]ceph-deploy osd prepare osdserver1:sdb:/dev/ssd1ceph-deploy osd activate {node-name}:{path/to/disk}[:{path/to/journal}]ceph-deploy osd activate osdserver1:/dev/sdb1:/dev/ssd1把改过的配置文件分发给集群内各主机ceph-deploy config push {host-name [host-name]...}

CRUSH映射

ceph osd getcrushmap -o MAP   #获取一个CRUSH映射crushtool -d MAP -o MAP.TXT   #反编译一个CRUSH映射crushtool -c MAP.TXT -o MAP   #编译一个CRUSH映射ceph osd setcrushmap -i MAP    #设置一个CRUSH映射

块设备的一些命令

单位为M，默认在rbd pool中

创建块设备：rbd create {image-name}  --size {megabytes}  --pool {pool-name}列出块设备：rbd ls {poolname} -l检索块信息：rbd --image {image-name} info更改块大小：rbd resize --image {image-name} --size {megabytes}删除块设备：rbd rm {image-name}映射块设备：rbd map {image-name} --pool {pool-name} --id {user-name}查看已映射块设备：rbd showmapped取消映射：rbd unmap /dev/rbd/{poolname}/{imagename}

快照和克隆相关命令

创建快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap create --snap {snap-name} {image-name}rbd snap create {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}快照回滚：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap rollback --snap {snap-name} {image-name}rbd snap rollback {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}清除快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap purge {image-name}rbd snap purge {pool-name}/{image-name}删除快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap rm --snap {snap-name} {image-name}rbd snap rm {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snap-name}列出快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap ls {image-name}rbd snap ls {pool-name}/{image-name}保护快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap protect --image {image-name} --snap {snapshot-name}rbd snap protect {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}取消保护快照：rbd --pool {pool-name} snap unprotect --image {image-name} --snap {snapshot-name}rbd snap unprotect {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}快照克隆rbd clone {pool-name}/{parent-image}@{snap-name} {pool-name}/{child-image-name}查看快照的克隆rbd --pool {pool-name} children --image {image-name} --snap {snap-name}rbd children {pool-name}/{image-name}@{snapshot-name}

RGW对象存储
创建

cceph-deploy rgw create node-1

CephFS文件存储
创建mds服务

ceph-deploy mds create node-1 node-2 node-3   [root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph osd pool create cephfs_metadata 16 16
pool 'cephfs_metadata' created
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph osd pool create cephfs_data 16 16
pool 'cephfs_data' created[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph fs new cephfs-demo cephfs_metadata cephfs_data
new fs with metadata pool 6 and data pool 7
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# [root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph fs ls
name: cephfs-demo, metadata pool: cephfs_metadata, data pools: [cephfs_data ][root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph -scluster:id:     c16b9145-7216-4058-8bfb-c9b7b2b702dehealth: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum node-1,node-2,node-3 (age 46m)mgr: node-1(active, since 46m), standbys: node-2, node-3mds: cephfs-demo:1 {0=node-2=up:active} 2 up:standbyosd: 3 osds: 3 up (since 2w), 3 in (since 2w)rgw: 1 daemon active (node-1)task status:scrub status:mds.node-2: idledata:pools:   7 pools, 288 pgsobjects: 213 objects, 3.5 KiBusage:   3.0 GiB used, 147 GiB / 150 GiB availpgs:     288 active+clean

内核级别挂载，性能高一点

mkdir /mnt/cephfs
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# mount -t ceph 172.16.10.224:6789:/ /mnt/cephfs/ -o name=admin
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 3.9G  8.9M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3             211G  1.8G  210G   1% /
/dev/sda1            1014M  141M  874M  14% /boot
tmpfs                 783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 3.9G   52K  3.9G   1% /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
172.16.10.224:6789:/   47G     0   47G   0% /mnt/cephfs

用户级别挂载

安装客户端
yum -y install ceph-fuse
mkdir /mnt/ceph-fuse
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph-fuse -n client.admin -m 172.16.10.224:6789,172.16.10.225:6789,172.16.10.226:6789 /mnt/ceph-fuse
2020-11-17 17:54:20.511 7eff93888f80 -1 init, newargv = 0x5571a711e340 newargc=9ceph-fuse[29325]: starting ceph clientceph-fuse[29325]: starting fuse
[root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs              3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                 3.9G  9.0M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3             211G  1.9G  210G   1% /
/dev/sda1            1014M  141M  874M  14% /boot
tmpfs                 783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0
tmpfs                 3.9G   52K  3.9G   1% /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
172.16.10.224:6789:/   47G     0   47G   0% /mnt/cephfs
ceph-fuse              47G     0   47G   0% /mnt/ceph-fuse

OSD扩容和换盘
横向扩容增加节点
纵向扩容增加容量

root@node-1 ceph-deploy]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT  TYPE NAME       STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1       0.14639 root default
-3       0.04880     host node-1                         0   hdd 0.04880         osd.0       up  1.00000 1.00000
-5       0.04880     host node-2                         1   hdd 0.04880         osd.1       up  1.00000 1.00000
-7       0.04880     host node-3                         2   hdd 0.04880         osd.2       up  1.00000 1.00000
-----------------------------------

清理有分区的磁盘

ceph-deploy disk zap node-1 /dev/sdc
原理就是用dd把分区数据都刷掉

增加磁盘

ceph-deploy osd  create node-1 --data /dev/sdc

增加osd会使PG移动，消耗性能，所以扩容osd需要一个一个的扩容，减少对业务的影响

查看osd延时
ceph osd perf删除osd
ceph osd out osd.5
等信息同步完再删
ceph osd crush rm osd.5
ceph osd rm osd.5
ceph author rm osd.5

RBD高级功能

创建

[root@node-1 ~]# rbd create ceph-demo/ceph-trash.img --size 10G
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd info ceph-demo/ceph-trash.img
rbd image 'ceph-trash.img':size 10 GiB in 2560 objectsorder 22 (4 MiB objects)snapshot_count: 0id: 861f92bbad7fblock_name_prefix: rbd_data.861f92bbad7fformat: 2features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flattenop_features: flags: create_timestamp: Wed Nov 18 10:57:52 2020access_timestamp: Wed Nov 18 10:57:52 2020modify_timestamp: Wed Nov 18 10:57:52 2020

删除

[root@node-1 ~]# rbd rm ceph-demo/ceph-trash.img
Removing image: 100% complete...done.

设置回收机制

[root@node-1 ~]# rbd create ceph-demo/ceph-trash.img --size 10G
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd trash move ceph-demo/ceph-trash.img --expires-at 20201119
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd trash -p ceph-demo ls
8640e50e08fb ceph-trash.img

回收回来，防止误删除

[root@node-1 ~]# rbd trash restore -p ceph-demo 8640e50e08fb
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo ls
ceph-trash.img
rbd-demo.img

映射到本地文件系统

ceph-deploy osd  create node-1 --data /dev/sdc
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd device map ceph-demo/rbd-test.img
/dev/rbd1格式化
mkfs.ext4 /dev/rbd1
mount /dev/rbd0 /media
touch test.txt

创建快照

[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap create ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@snap_20201118
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap ls ceph-demo/rbd-test.img
SNAPID NAME          SIZE   PROTECTED TIMESTAMP                4 snap_20201118 10 GiB           Wed Nov 18 11:15:23 2020

数据恢复
删除test.txt

rbd snap rollback ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@snap_20201118
rbd snap ls ceph-demo/rbd-test.img卸载之后，重新挂载
umount /media
mount /dev/rbd1 /media创建快照
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap create ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@template
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap ls ceph-demo/rbd-test.img
SNAPID NAME          SIZE   PROTECTED TIMESTAMP                4 snap_20201118 10 GiB           Wed Nov 18 11:15:23 2020 5 template      10 GiB           Wed Nov 18 11:29:21 2020 保护快照
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap protect ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@template
会发现无法删除了
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap rm ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@template
Removing snap: 0% complete...failed.2020-11-18 11:32:20.904 7f2cef31ec80 -1 librbd::Operations: snapshot is protectedrbd: snapshot 'template' is protected from removal.快照克隆
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd clone ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@template ceph-demo/vm1-clone.img
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo ls
ceph-trash.img
rbd-demo.img
rbd-test.img
vm1-clone.img使用克隆快照
rbd device map ceph-demo/vm1-clone.img
mount /dev/rbd2 /mnt 查看镜像创建了几个快照
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd children ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@template
ceph-demo/vm1-clone.img

解除复制关系

登录后复制

rbd flatten ceph-demo/vm1-clone.img

RBD导入导出

创建快照
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap create ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@snap-demo
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd snap ls ceph-demo/rbd-test.img
SNAPID NAME          SIZE   PROTECTED TIMESTAMP                4 snap_20201118 10 GiB           Wed Nov 18 11:15:23 2020 5 template      10 GiB yes       Wed Nov 18 11:29:21 2020 6 snap-demo     10 GiB           Wed Nov 18 15:17:24 2020
[root@node-1 ~]# 导出备份
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd export ceph-demo/rbd-test.img@snap-demo /root/rbd-test.img
Exporting image: 100% complete...done.导入
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd import rbd-test.img ceph-demo/rbd-test-new.img
Importing image: 100% complete...done.导入
[root@node-1 ~]# rbd import rbd-test.img ceph-demo/rbd-test-new.img
Importing image: 100% complete...done.[root@node-1 ~]# rbd -p ceph-demo ls
ceph-trash.img
rbd-demo.img
rbd-test-new.img
rbd-test.img
vm1-clone.img