Go实现简单的RESTful_API

何为RESTful API

A RESTful API is an application program interface (API) that uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST and DELETE data.

A RESTful API – also referred to as a RESTful web service – is based on representational state transfer (REST) technology, an architectural style and approach to communications often used in web services development.

Wikipedia: 表征性状态传输（英文：Representational State Transfer，简称REST）是Roy Fielding博士于2000年在他的博士论文中提出来的一种软件架构风格。
Roy Fielding是HTTP协议（1.0版和1.1版）的主要设计者，事实上HTTP 1.1规范正是基于REST架构风格的指导原理来设计的。需要注意的是，REST是一种设计风格而不是标准，如果一个架构符合REST原则，我们就称它为RESTful架构。

gorilla/mux

golang自带的http.SeverMux路由实现简单,本质是一个map[string]Handler,是请求路径与该路径对应的处理函数的映射关系。实现简单功能也比较单一：

不支持正则路由，这个是比较致命的
只支持路径匹配，不支持按照Method，header，host等信息匹配，所以也就没法实现RESTful架构

安装第三方安装包

go get -u github.com/gorilla/mux

实现

定义结构体，用户构造json

type Person struct {ID        string   `json:"id,omitemty"`Firstname string   `json:"firstname,omitempty"`Lastname  string   `json:"lastname,omitempty"`Address   *Address `json:"address,omitempty"`
}type Address struct {City     string `json:"city,omitempty"`Province string `json:"province,omitempty"`
}

接下来，定义一个全局变量，用于存储资源(数据)：

var people []Person

获取所有person，这里我们叫people：

func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

根据id获取person：

func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for _, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)return}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

post

同样可以，通过post操作向服务器添加数据：

func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)var person Person_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)person.ID = params["id"]people = append(people, person)json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

Delete

func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for index, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...)break}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

完整代码

package mainimport ("encoding/json""log""net/http""github.com/gorilla/mux"
)type Person struct {ID        string   `json:"id,omitemty"`Firstname string   `json:"firstname,omitempty"`Lastname  string   `json:"lastname,omitempty"`Address   *Address `json:"address,omitempty"`
}type Address struct {City     string `json:"city,omitempty"`Province string `json:"province,omitempty"`
}var people []Person

// *******************************************************************>>
// Get
// 获取所有person
func GetPeople(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

// 根据id获取person
func GetPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for _, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(item)return}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

// <<*******************************************************************

// *******************************************************************>>
// Post
// 通过post操作向服务器添加数据
func PostPerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)var person Person_ = json.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&person)person.ID = params["id"]people = append(people, person)json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

// <<*******************************************************************

// *******************************************************************>>
// Delete
// 根据id进行删除操作
func DeletePerson(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {params := mux.Vars(req)for index, item := range people {if item.ID == params["id"] {people = append(people[:index], people[index+1:]...)break}}json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(people)
}

// <<*******************************************************************func main() {people = append(people, Person{ID: "1", Firstname: "xi", Lastname: "dada", Address: &Address{City: "Shenyang", Province: "Liaoning"}})people = append(people, Person{ID: "2", Firstname: "li", Lastname: "xiansheng", Address: &Address{City: "Changchun", Province: "Jinlin"}}) // Get handle function:router := mux.NewRouter()router.HandleFunc("/people", GetPeople).Methods("GET")router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", GetPerson).Methods("GET") // Post handle functionrouter.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", PostPerson).Methods("POST") // Delete handle function:router.HandleFunc("/people/{id}", DeletePerson).Methods("DELETE") // 启动 API端口9899log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":9899", router))
}

运行：

go run ***.go

或者编译成二进制运行

go build ***.go

然后在浏览器中测试

http://localhost:9899/people

[{"id":"1","firstname":"xi","lastname":"dada","address":{"city":"Shenyang","province":"Liaoning"}},{"id":"2","firstname":"li","lastname":"xiansheng","address":{"city":"Changchun","province":"Jinlin"}}
]