[DirectX]DirectX9使用Effect和Vertexshader、PixelShader的区别

最近刚看完UnityShader的一些介绍和例子，发现理论上的东西都是含糊过去的，就还是老老实实去看dx。之前有学过dx，dx10，11的初始化太繁琐，代码是dx9的好几倍，手上也有本《DirectX3D HLSL高级实例精讲》里面用的就是dx9，所以就选择用dx9来写。

最近刚看到不用effect来写，分成vertexshader.vs和pixeslshader.ps来写，就跟dx11的差不多，就没仔细看，直接开始写，然后遇到bug，调试了很久。刚开始还以为是用的版本太高的问题，用的是vs2017和Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010)。想了想effect都能用，那就应该不是这个问题。而且这本《DirectX3D HLSL高级实例精讲》书上的源码完全不跟实例相关，坑啊。只好一步步断点调试，发现有一个空指针。（抽个空会把《DirectX3D HLSL高级实例精讲》的源码上传下，不要期待有多大用处，用的是DXUT框架，vs2017+win10sdk不能编译成lib，就算编译好了，还会各种报错，也懒得弄个xp系统的，直接用之前学习的那套框架，简单粗暴点）

先来effect源码：文件名是ColorShader.fx，如果用的是vs2017的话，记得在HLSL compiler设置为effect，shader model 2

float time;
float4x4 worldMatrix;
float4x4 viewMatrix;
float4x4 projectionMatrix;
texture modelTexture;sampler ModelTextureSampler = sampler_state
{Texture = <modelTexture>;MipFilter = LINEAR;MinFilter = LINEAR;MagFilter = LINEAR;
};struct VertexInputType
{float4 vertex : POSITION;float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};struct PixelInputType
{float4 pos : POSITION;float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};PixelInputType ColorVertexShader(VertexInputType input)
{PixelInputType output;float4x4 worldViewMatrix = mul(worldMatrix, viewMatrix);float4x4 worldViewProjectionMatrix = mul(worldViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);output.pos = mul(input.vertex, worldViewProjectionMatrix);output.texcoord = input.texcoord;return output;
}float4 ColorPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : COLOR
{float4 color = tex2D(ModelTextureSampler, input.texcoord);return color;
}technique ColorTechnique
{pass pass0{CullMode = None;VertexShader = compile vs_2_0 ColorVertexShader();PixelShader = compile ps_2_0 ColorPixelShader();}
}

接着是VertexShader，文件名为ColorVertexShader.vs

float4x4 worldMatrix;
float4x4 viewMatrix;
float4x4 projectionMatrix;
sampler modelTexture;struct VertexInputType
{float4 vertex : POSITION;float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};struct PixelInputType
{float4 pos : POSITION;float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};PixelInputType ColorVertexShader(VertexInputType input)
{PixelInputType output;float4x4 worldViewMatrix = mul(worldMatrix, viewMatrix);float4x4 worldViewProjectionMatrix = mul(worldViewMatrix, projectionMatrix);output.pos = mul(input.vertex, worldViewProjectionMatrix);output.texcoord = input.texcoord;return output;
}

PixelShader，文件名为ColorPixelShader.ps

float time;
sampler modelTexture;struct PixelInputType
{float4 pos : POSITION;float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
};float4 ColorPixelShader(PixelInputType input) : COLOR
{float4 color = tex2D(modelTexture, input.texcoord) * cos(time);return color;
}

Shader代码其实很简单，就不多说了，先来说我遇到的问题：

bool ColorShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, IDirect3DTexture9* texture, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{HRESULT result;D3DXHANDLE textureHandle;D3DXCONSTANT_DESC textureDesc;UINT count;result = device->SetVertexShader(m_vertexShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = device->SetPixelShader(m_pixelShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "worldMatrix", &worldMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "viewMatrix", &viewMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "projectionMatrix", &projectionMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;// The variable of shader must be used, otherwise ID3DXConstantTable can't find itresult = m_pixelShaderTable->SetFloat(device, "time", time);if (FAILED(result))return false;textureHandle = m_pixelShaderTable->GetConstantByName(nullptr, "modelTexture");if (!textureHandle)return false;// The first way to set texture in shader/*result = m_pixelShaderTable->GetConstantDesc(textureHandle, &textureDesc, &count);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = device->SetTexture(textureDesc.RegisterIndex, texture);if (FAILED(result))return false;*/// The second way to set texture in shaderresult = device->SetTexture(m_pixelShaderTable->GetSamplerIndex(textureHandle), texture);if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}

我遇到的问题就是代码第一个英文注释的地方，（我写的，英文烂，语法错误什么的就不管了，如果要装逼，我可以用日文写），其实这个问题是在pixelshader中遇到的，问题就是不能设置pixelshader的变量。而且hlsl调试只能靠猜，搞得我还以为pixelshader是不能设置变量的。后来通过dx的ID3DXConstantTable中的GetConstantByName方法调试得到，在pixelshader中获取time的D3DXHANDLE为空指针，接着我在vertexshader中添加一个新的矩阵来测试，发现了问题所在，就是在VertexShader和PixelShder中不使用的变量，如果用代码去获得和设置都会报错，因为得到的都是空指针，你对空指针操作肯定出问题，估计是dx过滤了不使用的变量。但是最主要的一点是在Effect中没有这个问题，看我effect源码中的time就没有用到，但没有任何问题。

使用effect的源码：

ModelClass：

#include "ModelClass.h"ModelClass::ModelClass()
{m_mesh = nullptr;m_colorShader = nullptr;m_texture = nullptr;
}ModelClass::ModelClass(const ModelClass& other)
{
}ModelClass::~ModelClass()
{
}bool ModelClass::Initialize(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* modelFilePath, TCHAR* textureFilePath)
{bool result;result = InitializeMesh(device, modelFilePath);if (!result)return false;result = InitializeTexture(device, textureFilePath);if (!result)return false;m_colorShader = new ColorShaderClass();if (!m_colorShader)return false;result = m_colorShader->Initialize(device);if (!result)return false;return true;
}void ModelClass::Shutdown()
{if (m_mesh){m_mesh->Release();m_mesh = nullptr;}if (m_colorShader){m_colorShader->Shutdown();delete m_colorShader;m_colorShader = nullptr;}if (m_texture){m_texture->Shutdown();delete m_texture;m_texture = nullptr;}
}void ModelClass::Render(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{bool result;UINT passMaxNum;result = m_colorShader->Render(device, time, m_texture->GetTexture(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);if (!result)return;m_colorShader->GetEffect()->Begin(&passMaxNum, 0);for (UINT pass = 0; pass < passMaxNum; ++pass){m_colorShader->GetEffect()->BeginPass(pass);m_mesh->DrawSubset(0);m_colorShader->GetEffect()->EndPass();}m_colorShader->GetEffect()->End();
}bool ModelClass::InitializeMesh(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* modelFilePath)
{HRESULT result;result = ::D3DXLoadMeshFromX(modelFilePath,D3DXMESH_MANAGED,device,nullptr, nullptr,nullptr, nullptr,&m_mesh);if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}bool ModelClass::InitializeTexture(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* textureFiltPath)
{bool result;m_texture = new TextureClass();if (!m_texture)return false;result = m_texture->Initialize(device, textureFiltPath);if (!result)return false;return true;
}

ColorShaderClass：

#include "ColorShaderClass.h"ColorShaderClass::ColorShaderClass()
{m_effect = nullptr;
}ColorShaderClass::ColorShaderClass(const ColorShaderClass& other)
{
}ColorShaderClass::~ColorShaderClass()
{
}bool ColorShaderClass::Initialize(IDirect3DDevice9* device)
{bool result;result = InitializeShader(device, TEXT("ColorShader.fx"));if (!result)return false;return true;
}void ColorShaderClass::Shutdown()
{if (m_effect){m_effect->Release();m_effect = nullptr;}
}bool ColorShaderClass::Render(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, IDirect3DTexture9* texture, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{bool result;result = SetShaderParameters(time, texture, worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);if (!result)return false;return true;
}ID3DXEffect* ColorShaderClass::GetEffect()
{return m_effect;
}bool ColorShaderClass::InitializeShader(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* shaderPath)
{HRESULT result;ID3DXBuffer* errorMessage;errorMessage = nullptr;result = ::D3DXCreateEffectFromFile(device, shaderPath, nullptr, nullptr, 0, nullptr, &m_effect, &errorMessage);if (FAILED(result)){if (errorMessage)OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, shaderPath);else::MessageBox(nullptr, shaderPath, TEXT("Missing Shader File"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);return false;}return true;
}void ColorShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3DXBuffer* errorMessage, TCHAR* shaderPath)
{char* compileErrors;ULONG bufferSize;ofstream fout;compileErrors = (char*)(errorMessage->GetBufferPointer());bufferSize = errorMessage->GetBufferSize();fout.open("shader-error.txt");for (ULONG i = 0; i < bufferSize; ++i)fout << compileErrors[i];fout.close();errorMessage->Release();errorMessage = nullptr;::MessageBox(nullptr, TEXT("Error compiling shader. Check shader-error.txt for message!"), shaderPath, MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
}bool ColorShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(float time, IDirect3DTexture9* texture, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{HRESULT result;result = m_effect->SetFloat("time", time);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_effect->SetTexture("modelTexture", texture);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_effect->SetMatrix("worldMatrix", &worldMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_effect->SetMatrix("viewMatrix", &viewMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_effect->SetMatrix("projectionMatrix", &projectionMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_effect->SetTechnique("ColorTechnique");if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}

接着是VertexShader和PixelShader的源码，MoedlClass只有渲染地方不一样其它都是一样的

ModelClass：

#include "ModelClass.h"ModelClass::ModelClass()
{m_mesh = nullptr;m_colorShader = nullptr;m_texture = nullptr;
}ModelClass::ModelClass(const ModelClass& other)
{
}ModelClass::~ModelClass()
{
}bool ModelClass::Initialize(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* modelFilePath, TCHAR* textureFilePath)
{bool result;result = InitializeMesh(device, modelFilePath);if (!result)return false;result = InitializeTexture(device, textureFilePath);if (!result)return false;m_colorShader = new ColorShaderClass();if (!m_colorShader)return false;result = m_colorShader->Initialize(device);if (!result)return false;return true;
}void ModelClass::Shutdown()
{if (m_mesh){m_mesh->Release();m_mesh = nullptr;}if (m_colorShader){m_colorShader->Shutdown();delete m_colorShader;m_colorShader = nullptr;}if (m_texture){m_texture->Shutdown();delete m_texture;m_texture = nullptr;}
}void ModelClass::Render(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{bool result;result = m_colorShader->Render(device, time, m_texture->GetTexture(), worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);if (!result)return;m_mesh->DrawSubset(0);
}bool ModelClass::InitializeMesh(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* modelFilePath)
{HRESULT result;result = ::D3DXLoadMeshFromX(modelFilePath,D3DXMESH_MANAGED,device,nullptr,nullptr,nullptr,nullptr,&m_mesh);if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}bool ModelClass::InitializeTexture(IDirect3DDevice9* device, TCHAR* textureFilePath)
{bool result;m_texture = new TextureClass();if (!m_texture)return false;result = m_texture->Initialize(device, textureFilePath);if (!result)return false;return true;
}

ColorShaderClass：

#include "ColorShaderClass.h"ColorShaderClass::ColorShaderClass()
{m_vertexShader = nullptr;m_vertexShaderTable = nullptr;m_pixelShader = nullptr;m_pixelShaderTable = nullptr;
}ColorShaderClass::ColorShaderClass(const ColorShaderClass& other)
{
}ColorShaderClass::~ColorShaderClass()
{
}bool ColorShaderClass::Initialize(IDirect3DDevice9* device)
{TCHAR* vertexShaderPath; TCHAR* pixelShaderPath;DWORD flag;HRESULT result;ID3DXBuffer* tempBuffer;ID3DXBuffer* errorMessage;vertexShaderPath = TEXT("ColorVertexShader.vs");pixelShaderPath = TEXT("ColorPixelShader.ps");flag = D3DXSHADER_DEBUG | D3DXSHADER_SKIPOPTIMIZATION;errorMessage = nullptr;result = ::D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(vertexShaderPath, nullptr, nullptr, "ColorVertexShader", "vs_2_0", flag, &tempBuffer, &errorMessage, &m_vertexShaderTable);if (FAILED(result)){if (errorMessage != nullptr)OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, vertexShaderPath);else::MessageBox(nullptr, vertexShaderPath, TEXT("Missing Shader File"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);return false;}result = device->CreateVertexShader((DWORD*)tempBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), &m_vertexShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = ::D3DXCompileShaderFromFile(pixelShaderPath, nullptr, nullptr, "ColorPixelShader", "ps_2_0", flag, &tempBuffer, &errorMessage, &m_pixelShaderTable);if (FAILED(result)){if (errorMessage != nullptr)OutputShaderErrorMessage(errorMessage, pixelShaderPath);else::MessageBox(nullptr, pixelShaderPath, TEXT("Missing Shader File"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);return false;}result = device->CreatePixelShader((DWORD*)tempBuffer->GetBufferPointer(), &m_pixelShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}void ColorShaderClass::Shutdown()
{if (m_vertexShader){m_vertexShader->Release();m_vertexShader = nullptr;}if (m_vertexShaderTable){m_vertexShaderTable->Release();m_vertexShaderTable = nullptr;}if (m_pixelShader){m_pixelShader->Release();m_pixelShader = nullptr;}if (m_pixelShaderTable){m_pixelShaderTable->Release();m_pixelShaderTable = nullptr;}
}bool ColorShaderClass::Render(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, IDirect3DTexture9* texture, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{bool result;result = SetShaderParameters(device, time, texture, worldMatrix, viewMatrix, projectionMatrix);if (!result)return false;return true;
}void ColorShaderClass::OutputShaderErrorMessage(ID3DXBuffer* errorMessage, TCHAR* shaderPath)
{char* compileErrors;ULONG bufferSize;ofstream fout;compileErrors = (char*)(errorMessage->GetBufferPointer());bufferSize = errorMessage->GetBufferSize();fout.open("shader-error.txt");for (ULONG i = 0; i < bufferSize; ++i)fout << compileErrors[i];fout.close();errorMessage->Release();errorMessage = nullptr;::MessageBox(nullptr, TEXT("Error compiling shader. Check shader-error.txt for message!"), shaderPath, MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
}bool ColorShaderClass::SetShaderParameters(IDirect3DDevice9* device, float time, IDirect3DTexture9* texture, D3DXMATRIX worldMatrix, D3DXMATRIX viewMatrix, D3DXMATRIX projectionMatrix)
{HRESULT result;D3DXHANDLE textureHandle;D3DXCONSTANT_DESC textureDesc;UINT count;result = device->SetVertexShader(m_vertexShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = device->SetPixelShader(m_pixelShader);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "worldMatrix", &worldMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "viewMatrix", &viewMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = m_vertexShaderTable->SetMatrix(device, "projectionMatrix", &projectionMatrix);if (FAILED(result))return false;// The variable of shader must be used, otherwise ID3DXConstantTable can't find itresult = m_pixelShaderTable->SetFloat(device, "time", time);if (FAILED(result))return false;textureHandle = m_pixelShaderTable->GetConstantByName(nullptr, "modelTexture");if (!textureHandle)return false;// The first way to set texture in shader/*result = m_pixelShaderTable->GetConstantDesc(textureHandle, &textureDesc, &count);if (FAILED(result))return false;result = device->SetTexture(textureDesc.RegisterIndex, texture);if (FAILED(result))return false;*/// The second way to set texture in shaderresult = device->SetTexture(m_pixelShaderTable->GetSamplerIndex(textureHandle), texture);if (FAILED(result))return false;return true;
}

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[DirectX]DirectX9使用Effect和Vertexshader、PixelShader的区别

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