51单片机物联网开发

绪论

硬件工具：STC89C52RC芯片、51单片机开发板、ESP8266通信模块、TTL转USB、各类传感器

软件工具：Keil开发环境，STC-ISP烧录工具，IDEA专业版，Postman，WebStorm，vx小程序开发工具，sscom串口助手，Socket-Tools，Tomcat8，JDK1.8，Navicat，Android Studio

开发环境：Java8、SpringBoot+MyBatis、MySQL、C51、阿里云、JavaScript、JQuery、Ajax、Windows操作系统、Chrome浏览器，Android操作系统

开发描述：基于ESP8266通信模块，通过51单片机采集环境传感数据并实现自动控制，通过AT指令将采集数据打包json格式发送目标服务器，云端部署jar包并建立数据库，将接收的数据解析并保存到设备数据表中，基于Ajax与Restful接口实现前后端分离，实现用户登录注册、设备管理、数据查询功能，并支持在Android和vx小程序上访问设备信息。

项目整体框架

一、硬件开发

本案例通过检测MQ-5可燃气体传感器、DHT数字温湿度传感器、火焰传感器这三个传感器感知的环境数据，进而通过逻辑判断通过I/O口输出到继电器、蜂鸣器和LED报警灯。通过ESP8266-01s模块通过WIFI接入云服务器，将采集的数据实时发送到指定端口，且51单片机根据传感器采集的各种火灾安全参数进行判断，如果出现异常情况则单片机启动接入的控制元器件进行自动控制，控制报警灯、蜂鸣器和风扇进行工作，硬件整体框架如下

ESP8266调试

我们使用sscom调试助手进行调试。首先需要一个TTL转USB工具插上ESP8266模块连接PCcom口，打开调试助手检测到设备，然后可以向8266发送指令，指令集如下：

AT+RST ：初始化
AT+CWMODE=3 ：设置兼容模式，可以访问其他WiFi
AT+UART=<波特率>,8,1,0,0 ：设置波特率
AT+CWJAP="<SSID>","<PWD>" ：设置连接的WiFi名称和密码
AT+CIPSTART="TCP","<IP地址>",<端口号>
AT+CIPSEND=5 : 用于测试字符长度
<下面输入要发送的字符串>

C51单片机程序开发

使用Keil编写，打开工具，引入STC系列的MCU

//引入库与宏定义
#include <reg52.h>
#include <intrins.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned inttypedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned int u16;
unsigned char strlen(unsigned char *str);
unsigned char flag;sbit Data=P0^6;
sbit Gas_DOUT = P0^4;
sbit Fire_DOUT = P0^3;
sbit beep=P0^2;
sbit LED = P0^1;
sbit relay = P0^5;bit uart_busy = 0;
uchar temp_dat[9];
uchar tempture[2];
uchar string_data1[80];
uchar string_data2[10];
char gas;
char fire;
//设置发送数据
uchar string_send[12];
uint i;
uint count;
void relay_fun();
uchar len_a;
uchar len_b;
uchar len_c;
uchar len_sum;void LED_Alarm()
{u8 i;for(i=10;i>0;i--){LED=0;beep=0;delay_u16(10);LED=1;beep=1;delay_u16(10);}
}
//设置频率
void delay_u16(u16 i)
{while(i--);
}
//控制继电器风扇函数
void relay_fun(){relay = ~relay;LED_Alarm();relay = ~relay;
}void beep_led_alarm(){beep = 0; for(i=0;i<5000;i++){beep=~beep;delay_u16(100);}
}void DHT11_delay_us(uchar n)
{while(--n);
}void DHT11_delay_ms(uint z)
{uint i,j;for(i=z;i>0;i--)for(j=110;j>0;j--);
}void DHT11_start()
{Data=1;DHT11_delay_us(2);Data=0;DHT11_delay_ms(20);   Data=1;DHT11_delay_us(30);
}uchar DHT11_rec_byte()
{uchar i,dat=0;for(i=0;i<8;i++)   {          while(!Data);   DHT11_delay_us(8);     dat<<=1;           if(Data==1)   dat+=1;while(Data);   }  return dat;
}
//DHT11AD转换函数
void DHT11_receive()
{uchar R_H,R_L,T_H,T_L,RH,RL,TH,TL,revise; DHT11_start();if(Data==0){while(Data==0);     DHT11_delay_us(40);  R_H=DHT11_rec_byte();    R_L=DHT11_rec_byte();    T_H=DHT11_rec_byte();     T_L=DHT11_rec_byte();    revise=DHT11_rec_byte(); DHT11_delay_us(25);    if((R_H+R_L+T_H+T_L)==revise)      {RH=R_H;RL=R_L;TH=T_H;TL=T_L;} if(TH > 24){LED_Alarm();LED = 0;beep=0;}temp_dat[0]='0'+(TH/10);temp_dat[1]='0'+(TH%10);}
}void delay5ms(){unsigned char a,b;for(b=201;b>0;b--)for(a=247;a>0;a--);
}void Init_uart(void) {  TMOD = TMOD | 0x20;    SCON = SCON | 0x50;    TH1 = 0xFd;        TL1 = TH1;  TR1 = 1;              EA =1;                ES =1;
}void Uart_SendByteData(unsigned char msg){while(uart_busy); SBUF=msg;        uart_busy = 1;
}void Uart_SendStrData(unsigned char *msg){while(*msg){Uart_SendByteData(*msg++);}
}//取字符串长度
unsigned char strlen(unsigned char *str)
{unsigned char len=0;while(1){                             if(*str=='\0')break;//拷贝完成了.len++;str++;}return len;
}void main(){count = 0;beep=1;LED=1;Init_uart();len_a=0;len_b=0;len_sum=0;while(1){count++;DHT11_receive();delay5ms();delay5ms();for(i=0;i<2;i++){tempture[i]=temp_dat[i];}if(Gas_DOUT == 0){gas='1';LED_Alarm();LED = 0;beep=0;}else{gas='0';}if(Fire_DOUT == 0){fire='1';LED_Alarm();LED = 0;beep=0;}else{fire='0';}for(i=0;i<2;i++){string_send[i]=tempture[i];}string_send[2]='t';string_send[3]=fire;string_send[4]='g';string_send[5]=gas;string_send[6]='f';string_data1[]="{\"type\":\"02\",\"deviceCode\":\"Device\",\"deviceData\":\"";string_data2[]="\"}";len_a=strlen(string_data1);leb_b=strlen(string_data2);len_c=strlen(string_send);len_sum=len_a+len_b+len_c;Uart_SendStrData("AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"<ip>\",<port>\r\n");   delay5ms();Uart_SendStrData("AT+CIPSEND=");Uart_SendStrData(len_sum);Uart_SendStrData("\r\n");delay5ms();      Uart_SendStrData(string_data1);Uart_SendStrData(string_send);Uart_SendStrData(string_data2);delay1_relay(2);}
}void UART_Interrupt(void) interrupt 4 {unsigned char temp;if(RI){temp = SBUF;RI = 0;if(temp == 1){flag = 1;}}if(TI){TI = 0;uart_busy = 0;}
}

调试通信

ESP8266上的TX和RX一定要和单片机上的RX与TX交叉连接， 8266-TX连接51-RX，8266-RX连接51-TX

以下为单片机串口调试图：

使用Socket-Tools，在云服务器上创建TCPServer指定端口号，开启单片机连接WiFi

下图为端口通信调试图：

二、服务器软件开发

TCP接收服务开发

创建socket通信端口以多线程方式等待监听端口

package com.bl.demo;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;import static com.bl.utli.SocketParam.*;public class TCPServer extends Thread {ServerSocket serverSocket = null;public static TCPServer tcpServer;@PostConstructpublic void init(){tcpServer = this;tcpServer.start();}public String socketSendData(String deviceCode,String sendData){//不为空时subSocketClient temp = DeviceCode2SocketMap.get(deviceCode);if(null!=temp){return temp.sendSocketData(sendData,deviceCode);}else{return SendError;}}@Overridepublic void run() {try {serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PortNum);System.out.println("PortNum: "+PortNum);} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("the port cannot open.");}while(true){try {System.out.println("wait. .. ...");//使用accept()是阻塞方法Socket socketTemp = serverSocket.accept();new subSocketClient(this.serverSocket,socketTemp).start();//为每个连接都创建一个线程客户端} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("happening");}}}
}

使用JDBC对MySQL进行操作，在run()方法中解析数据并存储到数据库中

package com.bl.demo;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.bl.Data.Data;
import com.bl.Data.DataMapper;
import com.bl.Data.DataService;
import com.bl.utli.SocketParam;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;import static com.bl.utli.SocketParam.*;public class subSocketClient extends Thread {private ServerSocket serverSocket;private Socket socket;@Autowired@Resourceprivate DataMapper tempMapper_udp_save;public static subSocketClient subSocketClient;public subSocketClient(ServerSocket serverSocket, Socket socket) {this.serverSocket = serverSocket;this.socket = socket;}//初始化通信程序@PostConstructpublic void init(){subSocketClient = this;subSocketClient.tempMapper_udp_save = this.tempMapper_udp_save;}private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver";public void addTemp(String temp, String fire, String gas, String time) {String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/fire?serverTimezone=UTC&allowMultiQueries=true";// 数据库用户名String user = "root";// 数据库密码String password = "123456";// 建立数据库连接，获得连接对象conntry {Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");String sql = "insert into data_info_t (temp,fire,gas,time) values(?,?,?,?)";PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);ps.setString(1, temp);ps.setString(2, fire);ps.setString(3, gas);ps.setString(4, time);// 执行sql语句ps.executeUpdate();System.out.println("SQL插入完毕！");// 关闭数据库连接对象conn.close();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}String temp = "";String fire = "";String gas = "";String time = "";String str1 = "";String str2 = "";String str3 = "";public String sendSocketData(String sendData, String deviceCode) {try {BufferedReader br = null;PrintWriter pw = null;br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));pw = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);//查看socket是否存在if (!socket.isClosed()) {pw.println(sendData);pw.flush();return SendSuccess;} else {//不存在则移除该socketDeviceCode2SocketMap.remove(deviceCode);return SendError;}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return SendError;}@Overridepublic void run() {try {//获取输入流InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));byte[] buf = new byte[1024];//接收数据int line = 0;while ((line = inputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {String param = new String(buf, 0, line);//转成json格式JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(param);//获取type类型，如果是02则自动注册设备String type = jsonObject.getString("type");if (type.equals(TypeUpdateData)) {//获取设备编号String deviceCode = jsonObject.getString("deviceCode");System.out.println(deviceCode);//获取传感数据String deviceData = jsonObject.getString("deviceData");System.out.println(deviceData);//字符串解析str1 = deviceData;String[] strArr1 = StringUtils.split(str1, "t");for (int i = 0; i < strArr1.length; i++) {temp = strArr1[0];str2 = strArr1[1];}String[] strArr2 = StringUtils.split(str2, "f");for (int i = 0; i < strArr2.length; i++) {fire = strArr2[0];str3 = strArr2[1];}String[] strArr3 = StringUtils.split(str3, "g");for (int i = 0; i < strArr3.length; i++) {gas = strArr3[0];}Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();SimpleDateFormat sd = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");time = sd.format(calendar.getTime());System.out.println("温度: " + temp);System.out.println("湿度: " + fire);System.out.println("燃气: " + gas);System.out.println("时间: " + time);addTemp(temp, fire, gas, time);}}Thread.sleep(10);} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

工具类：

package com.bl.utli;import com.bl.demo.subSocketClient;import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;public class SocketParam {public static HashMap<String, subSocketClient> DeviceCode2SocketMap = new HashMap<>();public static int PortNum = 7880;public static String TypeRegister = "01";public static String TypeUpdateData = "02";public static String SendSuccess = "OK";public static String SendError = "ERROR";
}

创建restful端口，调用获取设备数据方法将设备传感数据返回，访问方法为POST

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getData", method = RequestMethod.POST, produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)@CrossOriginpublic List<Data> getData() {List<Data> temps = dataService.getTemps();return temps;}

创建数据服务接口，用于获取和添加传感器数据

package com.bl.Data;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;@Mapper
public interface DataMapper {int addTemp(Map<String,Object> param);List<Data> getTemps();}

package com.bl.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@Service
public class DataService {@AutowiredDataMapper dataMapper;public int addTemp(Map<String, Object> param){return dataMapper.addTemp(param);}public List<com.bl.Data.Data> getTemps(){return dataMapper.getTemps();}
}

编写xml文件，设备数据插入与查询，查询排序按时间递减

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.bl.Data.DataMapper"><insert id="addTemp" parameterType="map">insert into data_info_t(temp,humi,beam,time) values (#{temp},#{humi},#{beam},#{time})</insert><select id="getTemps" resultType="com.bl.Data.Data">select * from data_info_t ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 100</select>
</mapper>

postman通信测试图

三、前端页面数据展示

页面实现

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,Chrome=1"><meta name="renderer" content="webkit"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>后台管理系统</title><link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico"/><link rel="bookmark" href="images/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/base.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="fonts/iconfont.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="framework/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/base.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="layui/css/layui.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="layui/layui.js"></script><script src="framework/cframe.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/frameStyle.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="framework/frame.js" ></script></head><body><div class="frameMenu"><div class="logo"><img src="data:images/logo.png"/><div class="logoText"><h1>室内火灾监控平台</h1></div></div><div class="menu"><div class="hoverBox"></div><ul><li><a class="menuFA" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="iconfont icon-liuliangyunpingtaitubiao03 left" onmouseenter="getLeftTips(this, '用户管理')" onmouseleave="layer.closeAll('tips')"></i><font>用户管理</font><i class="iconfont icon-dajiantouyou right"></i></a><dl><dt><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuCAClick('tgls/user/user_add.html',this, 'page10022')">添加用户</a></dt><dt><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuCAClick('tgls/user/user_list.html',this, 'page10023')">用户列表</a></dt><dt><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuCAClick('tgls/user/modify.html',this, 'page10024')">修改信息</a></dt></dl></li><li><a class="menuFA" href="javascript:void(0)"><i class="iconfont icon-yunying left" onmouseenter="getLeftTips(this, '设备信息')" onmouseleave="layer.closeAll('tips')"></i><font>设备信息</font><i class="iconfont icon-dajiantouyou right"></i></a><dl><dt><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuCAClick('tgls/view/view_add.html',this, 'page10027')">添加设备</a></dt><dt><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuCAClick('tgls/view/view_list.html',this, 'page10028')">设备数据</a></dt></dl></li></ul></div></div><div class="main"><div class="frameTop"><div class="shrinkBut"><div class="hoverBox"></div><ul><li><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="menuShrink(this)" onmouseenter="getTips(this, '收缩菜单')" onmouseleave="layer.closeAll('tips')"><i class="iconfont icon-caidan-shousuo"></i></a></li><li><a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="frameRefresh()" onmouseenter="getTips(this, '刷新')" onmouseleave="layer.closeAll('tips')"><i class="iconfont icon-htmal5icon23"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="topMenu"><div class="hoverBox"></div><ul><li><a href="login1.html" onmouseenter="getTips(this, '退出系统')" onmouseleave="layer.closeAll('tips')"><i class="iconfont icon-084tuichu"></i></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="frameMain"><div class="title" id="frameMainTitle"><i class="iconfont icon-shuangzuojiantou- leftbut" onclick="pageShow('l')"></i><div class="mainPageBox"><div class="mainPage"><span class="active" onclick="pageSwitch(this)"><div class="hoverBox"></div><i class="iconfont icon-shouye"></i></span></div></div><i class="iconfont icon-shuangyoujiantou- rightbut" onclick="pageShow('r')"></i></div><div class="con"><div class="mainPageCon"><iframe class="mainIframe" src="tgls/user/user_list.html" scrolling="yes"></iframe></div></div></div></div></body></html>

    $("#search").click(function () {var name=$("#input").val();$.ajax({async:true,type: "POST",url: "http://47.102.42.105:8456/Device/getData",dataType: "json",data: JSON.stringify({"name":name}),contentType: "application/json",success: function (res) {console.log(res);for(var i=0; i<res.msg.length; i++){console.log(res.msg[i]);tr = '<td id="temp">'+res.resultList[i].temp+'</td>'+'<td id="fire">' +res.resultList[i].fire+'</td>'+'<td id="gas">'+res.resultList[i].gas+'</td>'+'<td id="time">'+res.resultList[i].time+'</td>';$("#table").append('<tr id="current" style="height: 30px; align-content: center">' + tr + '</tr>');}}})})
})