PYQT5:基于QsciScintilla的代码编辑器分析10--语法高亮颜色选择

这里提供本编辑器可执行文件（exe）的下载链接：
1.Code51.Code51_STC
2.百度盘链接：：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ihxb7WX0ozUuRs3KFyzApQ
提取码：i6my
3.源代码：百度盘链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1jlRvWgN2LFHTtnKogeUZZw
提取码：w437
4.源代码的码云链接：https://gitee.com/huangweide001/code4STC51

读者在调试代码时，可以直接运行主文件《texteditor2.py》。
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「hwd00001」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hwd00001/article/details/103082826

这个编辑器在使用过程中，有时候觉得某些颜色不好，要更改，所以在编辑器中增加了语法高亮的颜色选择。位置在《菜单->设置->颜色设置》：

1.颜色设置对话框

1.1 使用Qt Designer生成界面代码

先在Qt Designer画好一个Dialog，（默认的全部是黑色字体，下图是在初始化时改变了字体颜色）

自动生成下面的代码：

class Ui_Dialog(object):def setupUi(self, Dialog):Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")Dialog.resize(312, 324)Dialog.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor))Dialog.setAcceptDrops(False)Dialog.setSizeGripEnabled(True)Dialog.setModal(False)self.listStyles = QtWidgets.QListWidget(Dialog)self.listStyles.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 40, 181, 271))self.listStyles.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Plain)self.listStyles.setObjectName("listStyles")item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)self.defaultButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.defaultButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 140, 75, 23))self.defaultButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 16777215))self.defaultButton.setObjectName("defaultButton")self.okButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.okButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 210, 75, 23))self.okButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 16777215))self.okButton.setObjectName("okButton")self.cancelButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.cancelButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 280, 75, 23))self.cancelButton.setObjectName("cancelButton")self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 171, 21))self.label.setObjectName("label")self.retranslateUi(Dialog)self.okButton.clicked.connect(Dialog.accept)    #Dialog.accept() 是内建函数，不用使用者实现self.cancelButton.clicked.connect(Dialog.reject) #Dialog.reject() 是内建函数，不用使用者实现QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateDialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "color Dialog"))__sortingEnabled = self.listStyles.isSortingEnabled()self.listStyles.setSortingEnabled(False)item = self.listStyles.item(0)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Default"))item = self.listStyles.item(1)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Keyword"))item = self.listStyles.item(2)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "KeywordSet2"))item = self.listStyles.item(3)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CommentDoc"))item = self.listStyles.item(4)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Comment"))item = self.listStyles.item(5)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CommentLine"))item = self.listStyles.item(6)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Number"))item = self.listStyles.item(7)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "DoubleQuotedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(8)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "SingleQuotedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(9)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "PreProcessor"))item = self.listStyles.item(10)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Operator"))item = self.listStyles.item(11)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "UnclosedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(12)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Background"))item = self.listStyles.item(13)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CaretLine"))self.listStyles.setSortingEnabled(__sortingEnabled)self.defaultButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "默认"))self.okButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "OK"))self.cancelButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CANCEL"))self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "点击相应文字，即可修改颜色"))

1.2 响应对话框动作的代码

新建一个ColorDlg类，继承于上面的Ui_Dialog类，可以使界面和动作的改动互不影响。

class   ColorDlg(QDialog,Ui_Dialog):def __init__(self, parent=None):super(ColorDlg, self).__init__(parent)self.setupUi(self)if parent == None:return#1.主窗口作为父窗口 ，颜色的初始值由主窗口传入self.parent = parent  self.DlgRepaint()def DlgRepaint(self):#2.设置每个item的颜色for i in range(0, self.listStyles.count()):itm = self.listStyles.item(i)cl=QColor(self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()])#2.1 编辑区的背景 和 焦点行背景，设置底色if itm.text() == 'Background' or itm.text() == 'CaretLine':itm. setBackground(cl)#2.2 其它项设置字体颜色else:itm.setForeground(cl)            self.repaint()# QListWidget的单击信号的槽函数def on_listStyles_clicked(self):itm=self.listStyles.currentItem()cl=QColorDialog.getColor(QColor(self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()]))if cl.isValid():try:self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()] = cl.name()   #把有效的颜色保存到颜色字典中except:pass# 把刚刚点击的地方更新颜色if itm.text() == 'Background' or itm.text() == 'CaretLine':itm. setBackground(cl)else:itm.setForeground(cl)def on_defaultButton_clicked(self):global g_colorDictself.parent.colorDict=copy.deepcopy(g_colorDict)  self.DlgRepaint()

上面ColorDlg.on_listStyles_clicked(self)这个函数，无须显式使用self.listStyles.clicked.connect(self.on_listStyles_clicked),只要使用 on_控件名_clicked()的模式命名槽函数，编译器就自动把槽函数链接到信号上。
ColorDlg.on_defaultButton_clicked()这个是“默认”按钮的槽函数，将一个默认的颜色字典复制到主窗口的颜色字典，恢复出厂设置。
这个文件的完整代码放到最后，以免影响后面的内容。

2.主窗口调用颜色设置对话框

在MainWindow.init()中，在”菜单->设置“增加一个颜色设置的动作，以及从《setting.ini》读取已保存的颜色设置：

     ......#初始化颜色字典self.colorDict=copy.deepcopy(g_colorDict)......colorSettingAction = self.createAction("颜色设置", self.OpenColorSettingDlg, None, None, '设置关键字颜色', checkable=False)self.addActions(SettingMenu,(SettingAction, complierSettingAction,colorSettingAction ))......        #读取 style 颜色        for style in self.colorDict.keys():str1 = 'color/' + stylestr1 = settings.value(str1)if str1 is not None:self.colorDict[style] = str1

调用颜色对话框的槽函数代码：

    def OpenColorSettingDlg(self):SettingDlg = ColorDlg(self)#2.打开对话框    ret = SettingDlg.exec_()if not ret :return#3.保存设置settings=QSettings("setting.ini",QSettings.IniFormat)for style in self.colorDict.keys():str1 = 'color/' + stylesettings.setValue(str1, self.colorDict[style])        #4.将打开的文件关闭再重新打开    self.repaintMDI()

3.语法高亮的颜色设置在LexerCPP中实现

在第5章 5–多文档编辑区介绍的《MyLexerCPP》代码中，关于颜色的设置是常数：

        self.setColor(QColor("#B0171F"), QsciLexerCPP.Keyword)

变成这样即可：

        self.setColor(QColor(self.parent().win.colorDict['Keyword'                    ]), QsciLexerCPP.Keyword )

关于背景色，有一个地方要注意，如果仅仅这样设置：

        self.setPaper(QColor(self.parent().win.colorDict[ 'Background'  ]))    #设置底色

底色不能覆盖这个屏幕，效果是这样的：

还有加上下面的代码：

        for i in range(0, QsciScintillaBase.STYLE_MAX):desc = self.description(i)if desc: self.setEolFill(True, i)    #将填充的底色延伸到屏幕的右端；否则默认只有文字的地方。

这样才可以达到理想的效果：

4.ColorDlg的完整代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import copy
g_colorDict={'Default'                  :'#000000','Keyword'                  :'#B0171F'   ,        'KeywordSet2'            :'#7f0000'   ,'CommentDoc'              :'#008000'    , 'Comment'                  :'#008000'    , 'CommentLine'            :'#008000'    ,'Number'                    :'#007f7f' ,'DoubleQuotedString' :'#ff00ff'   ,'SingleQuotedString' :'#ff00ff'  ,'PreProcessor'           :'#be07ff'  ,   'Operator'                 :'#191970','UnclosedString'       :'#0000FF', 'Background'              :'#b2b2b2', 'CaretLine'              :'#FFCFCF'  }
class Ui_Dialog(object):def setupUi(self, Dialog):Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")Dialog.resize(312, 324)Dialog.setCursor(QtGui.QCursor(QtCore.Qt.ArrowCursor))Dialog.setAcceptDrops(False)Dialog.setSizeGripEnabled(True)Dialog.setModal(False)self.listStyles = QtWidgets.QListWidget(Dialog)self.listStyles.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 40, 181, 271))self.listStyles.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Plain)self.listStyles.setObjectName("listStyles")item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)item = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()self.listStyles.addItem(item)self.defaultButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.defaultButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 140, 75, 23))self.defaultButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 16777215))self.defaultButton.setObjectName("defaultButton")self.okButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.okButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 210, 75, 23))self.okButton.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 16777215))self.okButton.setObjectName("okButton")self.cancelButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Dialog)self.cancelButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(220, 280, 75, 23))self.cancelButton.setObjectName("cancelButton")self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(Dialog)self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 171, 21))self.label.setObjectName("label")self.retranslateUi(Dialog)self.okButton.clicked.connect(Dialog.accept)    #Dialog.accept() 是内建函数，不用使用者实现self.cancelButton.clicked.connect(Dialog.reject)    #Dialog.reject() 是内建函数，不用使用者实现QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateDialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "color Dialog"))__sortingEnabled = self.listStyles.isSortingEnabled()self.listStyles.setSortingEnabled(False)item = self.listStyles.item(0)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Default"))item = self.listStyles.item(1)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Keyword"))item = self.listStyles.item(2)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "KeywordSet2"))item = self.listStyles.item(3)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CommentDoc"))item = self.listStyles.item(4)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Comment"))item = self.listStyles.item(5)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CommentLine"))item = self.listStyles.item(6)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Number"))item = self.listStyles.item(7)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "DoubleQuotedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(8)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "SingleQuotedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(9)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "PreProcessor"))item = self.listStyles.item(10)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Operator"))item = self.listStyles.item(11)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "UnclosedString"))item = self.listStyles.item(12)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "Background"))item = self.listStyles.item(13)item.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CaretLine"))self.listStyles.setSortingEnabled(__sortingEnabled)self.defaultButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "默认"))self.okButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "OK"))self.cancelButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "CANCEL"))self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "点击相应文字，即可修改颜色"))class   ColorDlg(QDialog,Ui_Dialog):def __init__(self, parent=None):super(ColorDlg, self).__init__(parent)self.setupUi(self)if parent == None:return#1.主窗口作为父窗口 ，颜色的初始值由主窗口传入self.parent = parent  self.DlgRepaint()def DlgRepaint(self):#2.设置每个item的颜色for i in range(0, self.listStyles.count()):itm = self.listStyles.item(i)cl=QColor(self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()])#2.1 编辑区的背景 和 焦点行背景，设置底色if itm.text() == 'Background' or itm.text() == 'CaretLine':itm. setBackground(cl)#2.2 其它项设置字体颜色else:itm.setForeground(cl)            self.repaint()#3. 点击查找按钮的信号的槽函数def on_listStyles_clicked(self):itm=self.listStyles.currentItem()cl=QColorDialog.getColor(QColor(self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()]))if cl.isValid():try:self.parent.colorDict[itm.text()] = cl.name()   #把有效的颜色保存到颜色字典中except:pass# 把刚刚点击的地方更新颜色if itm.text() == 'Background' or itm.text() == 'CaretLine':itm. setBackground(cl)else:itm.setForeground(cl)#self.repaint()def on_defaultButton_clicked(self):global g_colorDictself.parent.colorDict=copy.deepcopy(g_colorDict)  self.DlgRepaint()
'''
if __name__ == "__main__":import sysapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)#Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()ui = ColorDlg()#ui.setupUi(Dialog)ui.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())
'''