图像处理(Image Processing) ---------- 灰阶位图分割 (bit-plane slicing)（浮水印)(C#实现)
2024-05-26 00:24:16
- 灰阶图像，通常每个Pixel是由8个bit构成，即有256种变化。然而每个Pixel的8个bit，从最高位到最低位携带的信息量是逐渐递减的。可以看下面几幅图：
- 右边是原图，下面就是将灰阶图每一个pixel的8bit分别取出，然后构成的8个平面，从右到左是0bit - 7bit 。可以看出越高位的位图携带原图的信息量越多、特征越多，甚至最后几张位图看上去就像杂讯。所以，其实最后几个位图完全不记录、去除，对原图的影响也是微乎其微，我们肉眼几乎无法察觉差异。所以很多浮水印技术就是通过替换最低几bit 的位图，做到为图像添加肉眼无法察觉的水印。
-
- 格雷码形式：计算机中格雷码的出现是为了避免牵一发而动全身的情况，比如说：0111 1000 , 一个自然进位会导致四个bit同时都被改变的情况，这样就会降低系统的稳定性，因为在0111变化到1000时通常还会有1100、1111...等情况出现。所以为了避免，格雷码就诞生了，一次只会有一个bit变化。同样，灰阶图像的位图也可以先化为格雷码的形式，再进行分割。
- 自然二进位变换成格雷码的规则：最高位直接保留，构成格雷码的最高位。然后从左往右，最高位与次高位异或，结果为格雷码的次高位。以此类推......。
- 当然还要来个格雷码变二进制：同样格雷码最高位变成二进制最高位，不同的是格雷码次高位与二进制最高位异或，结果为二进制次高位。以此类推......从左往右。
C#代码：
自然二进位分割:
public void bitSlicing(Bitmap Image){graycode = false;imop = new imageOperate();Bitmap GrayImg = imop.getGrayImage8(Image);PCXPicture.Image = GrayImg;int width = Image.Width;int height = Image.Height;Bitmap level1 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level2 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level3 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level4 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level5 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level6 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level7 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level8 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb); BitmapData level1Data = level1.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level2Data = level2.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level3Data = level3.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level4Data = level4.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level5Data = level5.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level6Data = level6.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level7Data = level7.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level8Data = level8.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData GrayImgData = GrayImg.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);int size = GrayImgData.Stride * GrayImgData.Height;IntPtr intPtr = GrayImgData.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr1 = level1Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr2 = level2Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr3 = level3Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr4 = level4Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr5 = level5Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr6 = level6Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr7 = level7Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr8 = level8Data.Scan0;byte[] GrayImgBytes = new byte[size];byte[] level1Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level2Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level3Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level4Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level5Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level6Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level7Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level8Bytes = new byte[size];Marshal.Copy(intPtr, GrayImgBytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr1, level1Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr2, level2Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr3, level3Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr4, level4Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr5, level5Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr6, level6Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr7, level7Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr8, level8Bytes, 0, size);int k = 3;for (int i = 0; i < height; i++){for (int j = 0; j < width; j++){byte R = GrayImgBytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k];int L1 = R & 1;if (L1 != 0) { L1 = 255; }int L2 = R & 2;if (L2 != 0) { L2 = 255; }int L3 = R & 4;if (L3 != 0) { L3 = 255; }int L4 = R & 8;if (L4 != 0) { L4 = 255; }int L5 = R & 16;if (L5 != 0) { L5 = 255; }int L6 = R & 32;if (L6 != 0) { L6 = 255; }int L7 = R & 64;if (L7 != 0) { L7 = 255; }int L8 = R & 128;if (L8 != 0) { L8 = 255; }level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L1 ;level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L1;level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L1;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L2;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L2;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L2;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L3;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L3;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L3;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L4;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L4;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L4;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L5;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L5;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L5;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L6;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L6;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L6;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L7;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L7;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L7;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)L8;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)L8;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)L8;}}Marshal.Copy(level1Bytes, 0, intPtr1, level1Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level2Bytes, 0, intPtr2, level2Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level3Bytes, 0, intPtr3, level3Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level4Bytes, 0, intPtr4, level4Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level5Bytes, 0, intPtr5, level5Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level6Bytes, 0, intPtr6, level6Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level7Bytes, 0, intPtr7, level7Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level8Bytes, 0, intPtr8, level8Bytes.Length);level1.UnlockBits(level1Data);level2.UnlockBits(level2Data);level3.UnlockBits(level3Data);level4.UnlockBits(level4Data);level5.UnlockBits(level5Data);level6.UnlockBits(level6Data);level7.UnlockBits(level7Data);level8.UnlockBits(level8Data);GrayImg.UnlockBits(GrayImgData);level1Picture.Image = level1;level2Picture.Image = level2;level3Picture.Image = level3;level4Picture.Image = level4;level5Picture.Image = level5;level6Picture.Image = level6;level7Picture.Image = level7;level8Picture.Image = level8;}格雷码风格:
public void grayCodeSlicing(Bitmap Image){graycode = true;imop = new imageOperate();Bitmap GrayImg = imop.getGrayImage8(Image);PCXPicture.Image = GrayImg;int width = Image.Width;int height = Image.Height;Bitmap level1 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level2 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level3 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level4 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level5 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level6 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level7 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);Bitmap level8 = new Bitmap(width, height, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level1Data = level1.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level2Data = level2.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level3Data = level3.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level4Data = level4.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level5Data = level5.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level6Data = level6.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level7Data = level7.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData level8Data = level8.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);BitmapData GrayImgData = GrayImg.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);int size = GrayImgData.Stride * GrayImgData.Height;IntPtr intPtr = GrayImgData.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr1 = level1Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr2 = level2Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr3 = level3Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr4 = level4Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr5 = level5Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr6 = level6Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr7 = level7Data.Scan0;IntPtr intPtr8 = level8Data.Scan0;byte[] GrayImgBytes = new byte[size];byte[] level1Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level2Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level3Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level4Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level5Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level6Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level7Bytes = new byte[size];byte[] level8Bytes = new byte[size];Marshal.Copy(intPtr, GrayImgBytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr1, level1Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr2, level2Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr3, level3Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr4, level4Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr5, level5Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr6, level6Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr7, level7Bytes, 0, size);Marshal.Copy(intPtr8, level8Bytes, 0, size);int k = 3;for (int i = 0; i < height; i++){for (int j = 0; j < width; j++){byte R = GrayImgBytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k]; int L1 = R & 1;if (L1 != 0) { L1 = 1; }int L2 = R & 2;if (L2 != 0) { L2 = 1; }int L3 = R & 4;if (L3 != 0) { L3 = 1; }int L4 = R & 8;if (L4 != 0) { L4 = 1; }int L5 = R & 16;if (L5 != 0) { L5 = 1; }int L6 = R & 32;if (L6 != 0) { L6 = 1; }int L7 = R & 64;if (L7 != 0) { L7 = 1; }int L8 = R & 128;if (L8 != 0) { L8 = 1; }int G8 = L8;if (G8 != 0) { G8 = 255; }int G7 = L8 ^ L7;if (G7 != 0) { G7 = 255; }int G6 = L7 ^ L6;if (G6 != 0) { G6 = 255; }int G5 = L6 ^ L5;if (G5 != 0) { G5 = 255; }int G4 = L5 ^ L4;if (G4 != 0) { G4 = 255; }int G3 = L4 ^ L3;if (G3 != 0) { G3 = 255; }int G2 = L3 ^ L2;if (G2 != 0) { G2 = 255; }int G1 = L2 ^ L1;if (G1 != 0) { G1 = 255; }level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G1;level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G1;level1Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G1;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G2;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G2;level2Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G2;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G3;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G3;level3Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G3;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G4;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G4;level4Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G4;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G5;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G5;level5Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G5;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G6;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G6;level6Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G6;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G7;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G7;level7Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G7;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k] = (byte)G8;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 1] = (byte)G8;level8Bytes[i * GrayImgData.Stride + j * k + 2] = (byte)G8;}}Marshal.Copy(level1Bytes, 0, intPtr1, level1Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level2Bytes, 0, intPtr2, level2Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level3Bytes, 0, intPtr3, level3Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level4Bytes, 0, intPtr4, level4Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level5Bytes, 0, intPtr5, level5Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level6Bytes, 0, intPtr6, level6Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level7Bytes, 0, intPtr7, level7Bytes.Length);Marshal.Copy(level8Bytes, 0, intPtr8, level8Bytes.Length);level1.UnlockBits(level1Data);level2.UnlockBits(level2Data);level3.UnlockBits(level3Data);level4.UnlockBits(level4Data);level5.UnlockBits(level5Data);level6.UnlockBits(level6Data);level7.UnlockBits(level7Data);level8.UnlockBits(level8Data);GrayImg.UnlockBits(GrayImgData);level1Picture.Image = level1;level2Picture.Image = level2;level3Picture.Image = level3;level4Picture.Image = level4;level5Picture.Image = level5;level6Picture.Image = level6;level7Picture.Image = level7;level8Picture.Image = level8;}仅为个人理解，如有不足，请指教。 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_35811044
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