安装 pycuda 出现 PEP517 的错误

执行：pip install pycuda

出现：Building wheel for pycuda (PEP 517) ... error

Building wheels for collected packages: pycuda, pytoolsBuilding wheel for pycuda (PEP 517) ... errorERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:command: /usr/bin/python3.8 /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py build_wheel /tmp/tmp8diqrj_ccwd: /tmp/pip-install-xt280urn/pycuda_5d4c81cb559b4a6fa572a62bf9757598Complete output (101 lines):**************************************************************** I have detected that you have not run configure.py.**************************************************************** Additionally, no global config files were found.*** I will go ahead with the default configuration.*** In all likelihood, this will not work out.****** See README_SETUP.txt for more information.****** If the build does fail, just re-run configure.py with the*** correct arguments, and then retry. Good luck!**************************************************************** HIT Ctrl-C NOW IF THIS IS NOT WHAT YOU WANT*************************************************************Continuing in 1 seconds...    running bdist_wheelrunning buildrunning build_pycreating buildcreating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/cumath.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/compiler.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/_cluda.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/elementwise.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/characterize.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/tools.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/debug.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/autoinit.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/autoprimaryctx.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/scan.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/reduction.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/_mymako.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/driver.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/curandom.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacopying pycuda/gpuarray.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycudacreating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/glcopying pycuda/gl/autoinit.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/glcopying pycuda/gl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/glcreating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/packeted.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/operator.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/coordinate.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/cg.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/pkt_build.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/inner.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecopying pycuda/sparse/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparsecreating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/compytecopying pycuda/compyte/array.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/compytecopying pycuda/compyte/dtypes.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/compytecopying pycuda/compyte/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/compyterunning egg_info/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py:275: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'test_requires'warnings.warn(msg)warning: no files found matching 'doc/source/*.rst'warning: no files found matching 'doc/source/conf.py'warning: no files found matching 'doc/source/_static/*.css'warning: no files found matching 'doc/source/_templates/*.html'warning: no files found matching '*.cpp' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost'warning: no files found matching '*.html' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost'warning: no files found matching '*.inl' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost'warning: no files found matching '*.txt' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost'warning: no files found matching '*.h' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs'warning: no files found matching '*.ipp' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs'warning: no files found matching '*.pl' under directory 'bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs'writing manifest file 'pycuda.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/cudacopying pycuda/cuda/pycuda-complex-impl.hpp -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/cudacopying pycuda/cuda/pycuda-complex.hpp -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/cudacopying pycuda/cuda/pycuda-helpers.hpp -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/cudacopying pycuda/sparse/pkt_build_cython.pyx -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/pycuda/sparserunning build_extcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subsetcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subsetcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libscreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/pythoncreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/srccreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/src/convertercreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/src/objectcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/smart_ptrcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/smart_ptr/srccreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/systemcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/system/srccreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/threadcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/thread/srccreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/thread/src/pthreadcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/srccreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/src/cppcreating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/src/wrapperx86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -fwrapv -Wall -O3 -DNDEBUG -fPIC -DBOOST_ALL_NO_LIB=1 -DBOOST_THREAD_BUILD_DLL=1 -DBOOST_MULTI_INDEX_DISABLE_SERIALIZATION=1 -DBOOST_PYTHON_SOURCE=1 -Dboost=pycudaboost -DBOOST_THREAD_DONT_USE_CHRONO=1 -DPYGPU_PACKAGE=pycuda -DPYGPU_PYCUDA=1 -DHAVE_CURAND=1 -Isrc/cpp -Ibpl-subset/bpl_subset -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages/numpy/core/include -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/src/converter/arg_to_python_base.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/src/converter/arg_to_python_base.oIn file included from bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost/python/detail/prefix.hpp:13:0,from bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost/python/handle.hpp:8,from bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost/python/converter/arg_to_python_base.hpp:7,from bpl-subset/bpl_subset/libs/python/src/converter/arg_to_python_base.cpp:6:bpl-subset/bpl_subset/boost/python/detail/wrap_python.hpp:50:11: fatal error: pyconfig.h: No such file or directory# include <pyconfig.h>^~~~~~~~~~~~compilation terminated.error: command '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit code 1----------------------------------------ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycudaBuilding wheel for pytools (setup.py) ... doneCreated wheel for pytools: filename=pytools-2022.1.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl size=65018 sha256=2f79761cd040baf74f025c6e24389b80090418b274cfa64973308c7e1f2748f1Stored in directory: /tmp/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-5i9u00g4/wheels/d6/c4/2a/41a750b89bfe174e3f6ee7c874e2c8595b94d2f924dcf53755
Successfully built pytools
Failed to build pycuda
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycuda which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

使用：pip install pycuda --no-binary :all:

不解决问题。

从源码编译，解决问题。

1、下载 pycuda-2021.1.tar.gz

2、tar xfz pycuda-2021.1.tar.gz

3、cd pycuda-2021.1

4、python3 configure.py --cuda-root=/usr/local/cuda

5、make install

如果有找不到 pyconfig.h 的错误，就安装 python3-dev。

如果有找不到 nvcc 的错误，就 export CUDA_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda/bin。

2022-11-04：

在安装了 python3-dev 后，直接 pip install pycuda 也会成功。

参考：

Installing PyCUDA on Linux - Andreas Klöckner's Former Wiki

pycuda -- 'CUDA_ROOT not set, and nvcc not in path.' - Stack Overflow

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