【python绘图库turtle的介绍与学习】

在英语中turtle的意思：海龟;(任何种类的)龟;陆龟;水龟;鳖

Turtle库是Python语言中一个很流行的绘制图像的函数库，因此我们可以想象一个小乌龟，在一个横轴为x、纵轴为y的坐标系原点，(0,0)位置开始，它根据一组函数指令的控制，在这个平面坐标系中移动，从而在它爬行的路径上绘制了图形。下面是turtle库的指令集：

利用turtle库画出一个五角星# coding=utf-8

import turtle

import time

turtle.pensize(5)

turtle.pencolor("yellow")

turtle.fillcolor("red")

turtle.begin_fill()

for _ in range(5):

turtle.forward(200)

turtle.right(144)

turtle.end_fill()

time.sleep(2)

turtle.penup()

turtle.goto(-150, -120)

turtle.color("violet")

turtle.write("Done", font=('Arial', 40, 'normal'))

turtle.mainloop()

效果：

画出一个时钟的程序：# coding=utf-8

import turtle

from datetime import *

def Skip(step):

turtle.penup()

turtle.forward(step)

turtle.pendown()

def mkHand(name, length):

# 注册Turtle形状，建立表针Turtle

turtle.reset()

Skip(-length * 0.1)

# 开始记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的第一个顶点。

turtle.begin_poly()

turtle.forward(length * 1.1)

# 停止记录多边形的顶点。当前的乌龟位置是多边形的最后一个顶点。将与第一个顶点相连。

turtle.end_poly()

# 返回最后记录的多边形。

handForm = turtle.get_poly()

turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)

def Init():

global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer

# 重置Turtle指向北

turtle.mode("logo")

# 建立三个表针Turtle并初始化

mkHand("secHand", 135)

mkHand("minHand", 125)

mkHand("hurHand", 90)

secHand = turtle.Turtle()

secHand.shape("secHand")

minHand = turtle.Turtle()

minHand.shape("minHand")

hurHand = turtle.Turtle()

hurHand.shape("hurHand")

for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:

hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)

hand.speed(0)

# 建立输出文字Turtle

printer = turtle.Turtle()

# 隐藏画笔的turtle形状

printer.hideturtle()

printer.penup()

def SetupClock(radius):

# 建立表的外框

turtle.reset()

turtle.pensize(7)

for i in range(60):

Skip(radius)

if i % 5 == 0:

turtle.forward(20)

Skip(-radius - 20)

Skip(radius + 20)

if i == 0:

turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

elif i == 30:

Skip(25)

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-25)

elif (i == 25 or i == 35):

Skip(20)

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-20)

else:

turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

Skip(-radius - 20)

else:

turtle.dot(5)

Skip(-radius)

turtle.right(6)

def Week(t):

week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三",

"星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]

return week[t.weekday()]

def Date(t):

y = t.year

m = t.month

d = t.day

return "%s %d%d" % (y, m, d)

def Tick():

# 绘制表针的动态显示

t = datetime.today()

second = t.second + t.microsecond * 0.000001

minute = t.minute + second / 60.0

hour = t.hour + minute / 60.0

secHand.setheading(6 * second)

minHand.setheading(6 * minute)

hurHand.setheading(30 * hour)

turtle.tracer(False)

printer.forward(65)

printer.write(Week(t), align="center",

font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

printer.back(130)

printer.write(Date(t), align="center",

font=("Courier", 14, "bold"))

printer.home()

turtle.tracer(True)

# 100ms后继续调用tick

turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)

def main():

# 打开/关闭龟动画，并为更新图纸设置延迟。

turtle.tracer(False)

Init()

SetupClock(160)

turtle.tracer(True)

Tick()

turtle.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

turtle.mainloop()

效果如图：