Centos7 搭建FTP文件服务器

最近公司项目中需要搭建FTP文件服务器，主要是用来解决大文件上传问题。

注：以下命令都是在已经关闭防火墙的前提下进行的

1、安装vsftpd

    $ yum install vsftpd -y

2、开启服务

$ systemctl start vsftpd
$ systemctl enable vsftpd

3、修改配置文件

打开vsftpd的配置文件，配置文件所在目录： /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ，目录内容如下所示：

在配置文件中分别放开或者添加以下配置：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=NOpam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=NO
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
guest_enable=YES
guest_username=ftp
user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/config
max_clients=300
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=9001
pasv_max_port=9001
port_enable=YES

修改用户的配置文件，配置文件所在路径： /etc/vsftpd/config/ftp，内容如下所示：

local_root=/home/ftp
write_enable=YES
anon_umask=022
# cmds_denied=PASV,PORT,TYPE
# anon_world_readable_only=NO
# anon_upload_enable=YES
# anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
# anon_other_write_enable=YES
guest_username=ftp
# nopriv_user=ftp
# pam_service_name=vsftpd
# guest_enable=YES
virtual_use_local_privs=YES
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
# cmds_allowed=PWD,LIST,PORT,TYPE,DELE,CWD
cmds_denied=

建立虚拟用户文件，命令如下：

#创建编辑用户文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/virtusers#第一行为用户名，第二行为密码。不能使用root作为用户名
ftp
123456789

生成虚拟用户数据文件，命令如下：

#设定PAM验证文件，并指定对虚拟用户数据库文件进行读取
$ db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/virtusers /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db
$ chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db

修改完后保存配置文件，执行以下命令让配置生效：

    $ systemctl restart vsftpd

4、安装vsftpd客户端

我们为了能更方便的调试vsftpd服务端安装是否成功，所以我们把客户端也顺便安装一波，命令如下：

    $ yum install lftp -y

5、创建ftp用户

首先创建用户目录，命令如下：

$ mkdir -p /home/ftp
$ chmod 777 /home/ftp

然后创建用户组、用户，命令如下：

$ groupadd ftp
$ useradd -g ftp -d /home/ftp ftp
$ usermod -s /sbin/login ftp

查看用户是否创建成功，命令如下：

    $ cat /etc/passwd

6、验证

我们通过之前安装的ftp客户端命令来进行验证，首先登陆ftp服务端，命令如下：

    $ lftp 192.168.65.128 -u ftp

登陆成功后我们就可以看到 ftp 这个用户被限制在他自己的用户目录下，其他目录是不可以到达的，我们通过xftp工具用 ftp 这个账号登录FTP文件服务器，图示如下：

发现当前用户同样被限制在自己所在用户目录中。

到此FTP文件服务器搭建完成。

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