Struts2进阶版

前面我们讲到了，Struts2框架的配置和基本使用方法，接下来一起继续学习吧。

1、协同开发与3种Action实现方式

协同开发

目录结构

HelloAction.java

package com.test.hello;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport {/*** */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("hello页面");return "hello";}
}

struts_hello.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><package name="demo1" namespace="/H" extends="struts-default"><action name="hel" class="com.test.hello.HelloAction"><result name="hello">/index.jsp</result></action></package><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/H/hel.action --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

PaymentAction.java

package com.test.pay;public class PaymentAction {public String execute(){// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("pay页面");return "pay";}
}

struts_pay.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts><package name="demo2" namespace="/P" extends="struts-default"><action name="pa" class="com.test.pay.PaymentAction"><result name="pay">/index.jsp</result></action></package><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/P/pa.action --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

LoginAction.java

package com.test.user;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;public class LoginAction implements Action{@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println("login页面");return "login";}}

struts_login.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><package name="demo3" namespace="/L" extends="struts-default"><action name="log" class="com.test.user.LoginAction"><result name="login">/index.jsp</result></action></package><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/L/log.action --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

开发者共同开发，各自调度资源，由struts.xml统一管理（include功能）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><!-- constant元素用于常量的配置，可用于编辑struts.properties的常量 --><!-- 设置默认编码集为UTF-8 --><constant name="struts.i18n.enconding" value="UTF-8" /><!-- 关闭动态方法调用功能 --><constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" /><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/test_login.action --><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/test_register.action --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="com/test/hello/struts_hello.xml"></include><include file="com/test/pay/struts_pay.xml"></include><include file="com/test/user/struts_login.xml"></include><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

新建index.jsp空白页面

启动tomcat服务器
浏览器分别输入：
localhost:8080/txkt/H/hel.action
localhost:8080/txkt/P/pa.action
localhost:8080/txkt/L/log.action

查看控制台

3种实现方式
附：具体实现方法看xml文件action的method属性，默认为execute()方法

(1)继承ActionSupport和execute()方法

(2)实现Action接口

(3)自己定义实现方法

2、动态调用方法

参考链接，点击进入

3、Action访问ServletAPI

方法1
实现ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware,SessionAware等感知接口
ApiAction.java

package com.test.api;import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletResponseAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ApiAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware,ServletResponseAware,SessionAware{private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private HttpServletRequest request;private HttpServletResponse response;private Map<String, Object> session;@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stub// requestString sid=request.getParameter("sid");System.out.println(sid);//responseresponse.getWriter().print("sid:"+sid);//sessionHttpSession session1 = request.getSession();session1.setAttribute("sname", "lisi");String s1=session1.getAttribute("sname").toString();System.out.println(s1);session.put("sex", "male");System.out.println(Arrays.asList(session.get("sex")));return "ok";}@Overridepublic void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.request=request;}@Overridepublic void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.response=response;}@Overridepublic void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubthis.session=session;}
}

配置xml
struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><package name="apikg" namespace="/Api" extends="struts-default"><action name="api" class="com.test.api.ApiAction"><result name="ok"><!-- 默认是转发 -->/index.jsp</result></action></package><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/Api/api.action --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/txkt/Api/api.action?sid=001

启动服务器
方法2
通过ServletActionContext工具类获取
ApiAction2.java

package com.test.api;import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ApiAction2 extends ActionSupport {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubHttpServletRequest request= ServletActionContext.getRequest();HttpServletResponse response= ServletActionContext.getResponse();   // requestString sid=request.getParameter("sid");System.out.println(sid);//responseresponse.getWriter().print("sid:"+sid);//sessionHttpSession session1 = request.getSession();session1.setAttribute("sname", "lisi");String s1=session1.getAttribute("sname").toString();System.out.println(s1);return "ok";}}

<action name="api2" class="com.test.api.ApiAction2"><result name="ok"><!-- 默认是转发 -->/index.jsp</result></action>

浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/txkt/Api/api2.action?sid=001

启动服务器

方式3（少用）
通过ActionContext工具类获取
参考博客：点击进入
【获取Map类型的request/session/application属性】
通过ActionContext获取

public class HelloWorldAction { public String execute() { ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext(); Map<String, Object> application = ctx.getApplication(); Map<String, Object> session = ctx.getSession(); Map<String, Object> request = ctx.get("request"); application.put("application","应用范围"); session.put("session","session范围"); request.put("request","request范围"); return "message"; }
}

在JSP页面就可以通过EL表达式获取相应作用域中的属性

${applicationScope.application}
${sessionScope.session}
${requestScope.request}

或通过

<s:property value="#application.application" />
<s:property value="#session.session" />
<s:property value="#request.request" />

4、Action的3种接受方式

方式一
将属性直接写在action中，就能直接取到值，action自动完成，需要提供set方法。

ParamAction.java

package com.test.param;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ParamAction extends ActionSupport{/*** */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private Integer sid;private String sname;public Integer getSid() {return sid;}public void setSid(Integer sid) {this.sid = sid;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println(sid+":"+sname);return "ok";}
}

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><package name="par" namespace="/P" extends="struts-default"><action name="param" class="com.test.param.ParamAction"><result name="ok">/index.jsp</result></action></package><!-- localhost:8080/txkt/P/param.action?sid=001&sname="zhangsan" --><!-- include用于包含配置 --><include file="example.xml" /><!-- Add packages here --></struts>

浏览器访问地址：
http://localhost:8080/txkt/P/param.action?sid=001&sname=“zhangsan”

控制台上输出：

方式二
通过Model层思想，也就是JavaBean或者说是Domain,
属性·需要指明set,get方法。
User类（属性封装类）

package com.test.param;public class User {private Integer sid;private String sname;private Integer age;public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public Integer getSid() {return sid;}public void setSid(Integer sid) {this.sid = sid;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}@Overridepublic String toString() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn "学号："+sid+" 姓名："+sname+" 年龄："+age;}
}

ParamAction2.java

package com.test.param;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ParamAction2 extends ActionSupport {/*** */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;// 对象1private User u;public void setU(User u) {this.u = u;}public User getU() {return u;}// 对象2private User u2;public void setU2(User u2) {this.u2 = u2;}public User getU2() {return u2;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println(u);System.out.println(u2);return "ok";}
}

<action name="param2" class="com.test.param.ParamAction2"><result name="ok">/index.jsp</result>
</action>

可用于多对象

浏览器url需要指明对象
http://localhost:8080/txkt/P/param2.action?u2.sid=001&u2.sname=“zhangsan”&u2.age=18

方法三
实现 ModelDriven<>方法，用的比较少，局限性比较大。

ParamAction3.java

package com.test.param;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;public class ParamAction3 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{/*** */private User user=new User();private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn "ok";}@Overridepublic User getModel() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn user;}public User getUser() {return user;}public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;}
}

5、Action接收集合数组Map的情况

（1）简单数组
ParamAction4.java

package com.test.param;import java.util.Arrays;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ParamAction4 extends ActionSupport{/*** */private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private String[] hobby;public String[] getHobby() {return hobby;}public void setHobby(String[] hobby) {this.hobby = hobby;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println(Arrays.asList(hobby));return NONE;}
}

<action name="param4" class="com.test.param.ParamAction4"><result>/index.jsp</result>
</action>

浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/txkt/P/param4.action?hobby=“001”&hobby=“002”&hobby=“003”

(2)对象数组

User类（属性封装类）

package com.test.param;public class User {private Integer sid;private String sname;private Integer age;public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public Integer getSid() {return sid;}public void setSid(Integer sid) {this.sid = sid;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}@Overridepublic String toString() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn "学号："+sid+" 姓名："+sname+" 年龄："+age;}
}

ParamAction5.java

package com.test.param;import java.util.List;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ParamAction5 extends ActionSupport{private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private List<User> list;public List<User> getList() {return list;}public void setList(List<User> list) {this.list = list;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println(list);return NONE;}
}

<action name="param5" class="com.test.param.ParamAction5"><result>/index.jsp</result>
</action>

test.jsp负责调用

test.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>对象数组</title>
</head>
<body><h2>复杂类型表单接收测试</h2><form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/P/param5.action" method="post"><input type="text" name="list[0].sname" value="张三"><br><input type="text" name="list[1].sname" value="李四"><br><input type="text" name="list[0].sid" value="001"><br><input type="text" name="list[1].sid" value="002"><br><input type="text" name="list[0].age" value="22"><br><input type="text" name="list[1].age" value="21"><br><input type="submit"></form>
</body>
</html>

（3）Map数组
User类（属性封装类）

package com.test.param;public class User {private Integer sid;private String sname;private Integer age;public Integer getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public Integer getSid() {return sid;}public void setSid(Integer sid) {this.sid = sid;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}@Overridepublic String toString() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn "学号："+sid+" 姓名："+sname+" 年龄："+age;}
}

ParamAction6.java

package com.test.param;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;public class ParamAction6 extends ActionSupport{private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private Map<String, User> map;public Map<String, User> getMap() {return map;}public void setMap(Map<String, User> map) {this.map = map;}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubSystem.out.println(map);return NONE;}
}

<action name="param6" class="com.test.param.ParamAction6"><result>/index.jsp</result></action>

由test2.jsp调用

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>对象数组</title>
</head>
<body><h2>复杂类型表单接收测试</h2><form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/P/param6.action" method="post"><input type="text" name="map['a'].sname" value="张三"><br><input type="text" name="map['b'].sname" value="李四"><br><input type="submit"></form>
</body>
</html>