Perl 6 - CPAN

文章目录

一、关于 CPAN
- CPAN 安装工具
二、metacpan
- 使用示例
三、使用 CPAN
- 使用 cpan 安装第三方库
- 检查模块是否已安装
- 查看模块信息
四、使用 CPANM
- mac 上使用 brew 安装 CPANM
- 使用 cpanm 安装库

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一、关于 CPAN

CPAN（Comprehensive Perl Archive Network : 全面的Perl存档网络）

CPAN 官网
https://www.cpan.org
perl-cpan
https://www.perl.org/about/whitepapers/perl-cpan.html

CPAN 安装工具

CPAN 安装工具有以下几种：

CPAN.pm ( cpan)是原始客户端。
它随Perl一起提供，因此您已经拥有了它.它具有最多的功能.尽管实际上每个人都接受默认安装，但它具有许多配置选项以自定义其工作方式.它可以轻松地与 local :: lib 集成.
cpanminus (cpanm) 尝试进行零配置自动为大多数用户执行正确操作的客户端。
它还可以在资源有限的系统(例如 VPS )上很好地运行.
它不随Perl一起提供，但易于安装.它可以与 local :: lib 轻松集成.
它的最大局限性是缺乏配置.如果您想做一些不寻常的事情，它可能不支持.
CPANPLUS (cpanp)是一种尝试使Perl程序可以使用的CPAN API使用，而不是您在命令行中使用的应用。
cpanp shell更像是一种概念证明，我不知道使用它的任何真正优势.

其中 CPANM 是目前最常用的一种

metacpan 对 cpanm 的描述
https://metacpan.org/dist/App-cpanminus/view/bin/cpanm

二、metacpan

https://metacpan.org

使用示例

这里我们搜索 restful，第一个得到 Mojolicious::Plugin::RESTful - A Mojolicious Plugin for RESTful HTTP Actions
https://metacpan.org/pod/Mojolicious::Plugin::RESTful

点击左边 Tools – Install Instructions

我们可以得到两种安装方式： cpanm 和 cpan，下面具体介绍下这两个安装工具的使用

三、使用 CPAN

Mac 预装了 cpan，终端输入 cpan，第一次会提示你一些配置信息

第一次使用

$ cpan
Loading internal logger. Log::Log4perl recommended for better logging CPAN.pm requires configuration, but most of it can be done automatically.If you answer 'no' below, you will enter an interactive dialog for each
configuration option instead.Would you like to configure as much as possible automatically? [yes] yesUse of uninitialized value $what in concatenation (.) or string at /System/Library/Perl/5.30/App/Cpan.pm line 679, <STDIN> line 1.<install_help>Warning: You do not have write permission for Perl library directories.To install modules, you need to configure a local Perl library directory or escalate your privileges.
CPAN can help you by bootstrapping the local::lib module or by configuring itself to use 'sudo' (if available).
You may also resolve this problem manually if you need to customize your setup.What approach do you want?  (Choose 'local::lib', 'sudo' or 'manual')[local::lib] Autoconfiguration complete.Attempting to bootstrap local::lib...Writing /Users/xx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm for bootstrap...
commit: wrote '/Users/xx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'
Fetching with LWP: http://www.cpan.org/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz
Reading '/Users/xx/.cpan/sources/authors/01mailrc.txt.gz'
............................................................................DONE
Fetching with LWP: http://www.cpan.org/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz
Reading '/Users/xx/.cpan/sources/modules/02packages.details.txt.gz'Database was generated on Wed, 10 Aug 2022 08:29:03 GMT
..............New CPAN.pm version (v2.34) available.[Currently running version is v2.22]You might want to tryinstall CPANreload cpanto both upgrade CPAN.pm and run the new version without leaving   the current session...............................................................DONE
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/modules/03modlist.data.gz
Reading '/Users/xx/.cpan/sources/modules/03modlist.data.gz'
DONE
Writing /Users/xx/.cpan/Metadata
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz
Fetching with LWP:
HASH(0x7fc8d6af25c8)authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/CHECKSUMS
Fetching with LWP:
HASH(0x7fc8d6af25c8)authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/CHECKSUMS.gz
Fetching with LWP:
http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/CHECKSUMS
Checksum for /Users/xx/.cpan/sources/authors/id/H/HA/HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz ok
Configuring H/HA/HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Attempting to create directory /Users/xx/perl5
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for local::lib
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.jsonHAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL --bootstrap -- OK
Running make for H/HA/HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz
cp lib/local/lib.pm blib/lib/local/lib.pm
cp lib/lib/core/only.pm blib/lib/lib/core/only.pm
cp lib/POD2/DE/local/lib.pod blib/lib/POD2/DE/local/lib.pod
cp lib/POD2/PT_BR/local/lib.pod blib/lib/POD2/PT_BR/local/lib.pod
Manifying 4 pod documentsHAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz/usr/bin/make -- OK
Running make test for HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/usr/bin/perl" "-I/Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t
t/bad_variables.t ...... ok
t/carp-mismatch.t ...... ok
t/classmethod.t ........ ok
t/de-dup.t ............. ok
t/lib-core-only.t ...... ok
t/pipeline.t ........... ok
t/shell.t .............. ok
t/stackable.t .......... ok
t/subroutine-in-inc.t .. ok
t/taint-mode.t ......... ok
All tests successful.
Files=10, Tests=245,  5 wallclock secs ( 0.06 usr  0.03 sys +  2.21 cusr  1.59 csys =  3.89 CPU)
Result: PASSHAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz/usr/bin/make test -- OK
Running make install for HAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz
Manifying 4 pod documents
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5/POD2/PT_BR/local/lib.pod
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5/POD2/DE/local/lib.pod
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5/local/lib.pm
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5/lib/core/only.pm
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/man/man3/lib::core::only.3pm
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/man/man3/POD2::DE::local::lib.3pm
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/man/man3/local::lib.3pm
Installing /Users/xx/perl5/man/man3/POD2::PT_BR::local::lib.3pm
Appending installation info to /Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5/darwin-thread-multi-2level/perllocal.podHAARG/local-lib-2.000029.tar.gz/usr/bin/make install  -- OKlocal::lib is installed. You must now add the following environment variables
to your shell configuration files (or registry, if you are on Windows) and
then restart your command line shell and CPAN before installing modules:PATH="/Users/xx/perl5/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}"; export PATH;
PERL5LIB="/Users/xx/perl5/lib/perl5${PERL5LIB:+:${PERL5LIB}}"; export PERL5LIB;
PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT="/Users/xx/perl5${PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT:+:${PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT}}"; export PERL_LOCAL_LIB_ROOT;
PERL_MB_OPT="--install_base \"/Users/xx/perl5\""; export PERL_MB_OPT;
PERL_MM_OPT="INSTALL_BASE=/Users/xx/perl5"; export PERL_MM_OPT;commit: wrote '/Users/xx/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'You can re-run configuration any time with 'o conf init' in the CPAN shell
Terminal does not support AddHistory.To fix enter>  install Term::ReadLine::Perlcpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v2.22)
Enter 'h' for help.cpan[1]>  # 这里进入了交互模式

使用 cpan 安装第三方库

安装包位于目录： ~/.cpan/build
相关配置文件为：~/.cpan/FTPstats.yml

方式一：进入交互模式，安装

$ cpan
# $ perl -MCPAN -e shell  效果同上
...
cpan[1]> install Switch
cpan[2]> exit # 退出交互模式

方式二：直接使用 cpan install 安装

$ cpan install Switch$ cpan install XML::LibXML

检查模块是否已安装

perl -e 'use XML::LibXML'

不报错即代表安装成功

查看模块信息

 $ cpan -i Switch

四、使用 CPANM

mac 上使用 brew 安装 CPANM

$ brew install cpanminus

安装成功校验

查看版本信息

$ cpanm  -V
cpanm (App::cpanminus) version 1.9018 (/usr/local/bin/cpanm)
perl version 5.030003 (perl)%Config:archname=darwin-thread-multi-2levelinstallsitelib=/Library/Perl/5.30installsitebin=/usr/local/bininstallman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1installman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3sitearchexp=/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2levelsitelibexp=/Library/Perl/5.30vendorarch=/Network/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2levelvendorlibexp=/Network/Library/Perl/5.30archlibexp=/System/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2levelprivlibexp=/System/Library/Perl/5.30%ENV:@INC:FatPacked::140563055820376=HASH(0x7fd76302be58)/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level/Library/Perl/5.30/Network/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level/Network/Library/Perl/5.30/Library/Perl/Updates/5.30.3/System/Library/Perl/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level/System/Library/Perl/5.30/System/Library/Perl/Extras/5.30/darwin-thread-multi-2level/System/Library/Perl/Extras/5.30

查看帮助

$ cpanm -h
Usage: cpanm [options] Module [...]Options:-v,--verbose              Turns on chatty output-q,--quiet                Turns off the most output--interactive             Turns on interactive configure (required for Task:: modules)-f,--force                force install-n,--notest               Do not run unit tests--test-only               Run tests only, do not install-S,--sudo                 sudo to run install commands--installdeps             Only install dependencies--showdeps                Only display direct dependencies--reinstall               Reinstall the distribution even if you already have the latest version installed--mirror                  Specify the base URL for the mirror (e.g. http://cpan.cpantesters.org/)--mirror-only             Use the mirror's index file instead of the CPAN Meta DB-M,--from                 Use only this mirror base URL and its index file--prompt                  Prompt when configure/build/test fails-l,--local-lib            Specify the install base to install modules-L,--local-lib-contained  Specify the install base to install all non-core modules--self-contained          Install all non-core modules, even if they're already installed.--auto-cleanup            Number of days that cpanm's work directories expire in. Defaults to 7Commands:--self-upgrade            upgrades itself--info                    Displays distribution info on CPAN--look                    Opens the distribution with your SHELL-U,--uninstall            Uninstalls the modules (EXPERIMENTAL)-V,--version              Displays software versionExamples:cpanm Test::More                                          # install Test::Morecpanm MIYAGAWA/Plack-0.99_05.tar.gz                       # full distribution pathcpanm http://example.org/LDS/CGI.pm-3.20.tar.gz           # install from URLcpanm ~/dists/MyCompany-Enterprise-1.00.tar.gz            # install from a local filecpanm --interactive Task::Kensho                          # Configure interactivelycpanm .                                                   # install from local directorycpanm --installdeps .                                     # install all the deps for the current directorycpanm -L extlib Plack                                     # install Plack and all non-core deps into extlibcpanm --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ DBI           # use the fast-syncing mirrorcpanm -M https://cpan.metacpan.org App::perlbrew          # use only this secure mirror and its indexYou can also specify the default options in PERL_CPANM_OPT environment variable in the shell rc:export PERL_CPANM_OPT="--prompt --reinstall -l ~/perl --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org"Type `man cpanm` or `perldoc cpanm` for the more detailed explanation of the options.

使用 cpanm 安装库

直接使用 cpanm xx:xxx 就可以安装了，如

cpanm Mojolicious::Plugin::RESTful

你可以在 metacpan 上查看库的信息，然后进行安装
https://metacpan.org

2022-08-11（三）伊织

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