2016传智web前端

Happy New Year! Despite my woeful 2015 predictions I’m going to try again. My runes show the web aligning with Uranus…

新年快乐！ 尽管我对2015年的预测很糟糕，但我将再次尝试。 我的符文显示网络与天王星对齐…

1.将会发生重大的企业黑客攻击 (1. A Major Corporate Hack Will Occur)

Let’s get the doom-mongering out of the way. A large multi-national corporation will be hacked during 2016. It’s a certainty. Targets in 2015 included the IRS, the FBI, VTech, Ashley Madison, T-Mobile, Scottrade, CVS, OPM, UCLA Health, Carphone Warehouse, TalkTalk, Trump Hotels and even LastPass — the password manager. Personal data was stolen and, in the worst cases, passwords and credit card details were revealed.

让我们消除厄运。 大型跨国公司将在2016年遭到黑客入侵。这是可以肯定的。 2015年的目标包括IRS，FBI，VTech，Ashley Madison，T-Mobile，史考特证券，CVS，OPM，UCLA Health，Carphone Warehouse，TalkTalk，Trump Hotels甚至是LastPass(密码管理器)。 个人数据被盗，在最坏的情况下，密码和信用卡详细信息被泄露。

Despite media reports of sophisticated attacks, many of these systems were accessed using nothing more complex than SQL injections or brute-force attempts. Many systems leaked unencrypted data or had woeful security.

尽管有媒体报道了复杂的攻击 ，但是使用SQL注入或蛮力尝试来访问其中的许多系统并不复杂。 许多系统泄漏了未加密的数据或具有糟糕的安全性。

Hacks will continue until companies take security seriously. No system will ever be 100% secure but I suspect many of these systems were implemented years ago by novice developers. My advice: hire some hackers or pay a bug bounty before it’s too late.

黑客将继续存在，直到公司认真对待安全性为止。 没有系统会是100％安全的，但是我怀疑其中许多系统是几年前由新手开发人员实施的。 我的建议：在为时已晚之前聘请一些黑客或支付漏洞赏金。

2.静态网站将成为主流 (2. Static Sites Will Go Mainstream)

Static site generators such as Jekyll, Middleman and Metalsmith have been available for several years. A typical content management system builds a page from template files and content stored in a database when a visitor accesses. A static site generator completes the build step only once and generates the full site as HTML files. The benefits of a static site:

静态站点生成器(例如Jekyll ， Middleman和Metalsmith)已经可用了数年。 当访问者访问时，典型的内容管理系统根据模板文件和数据库中存储的内容来构建页面。 静态站点生成器仅完成一次构建步骤，然后将整个站点生成为HTML文件。 静态站点的好处：

• It’s fast. Normal CMSs can implement caching but static sites are fully-generated and cached from the start.它很快。 普通CMS可以实现缓存，但静态站点是完全生成的，并从一开始就进行缓存。
• It’s robust. “Failed to establish a database connection” errors can never occur again because a static site only requires a basic web server. Server-side code and databases can still be used for functionality such as search and form-filling, but processing is kept to a minimum.强大。 由于静态站点仅需要基本的Web服务器，因此不会再发生“无法建立数据库连接”错误。 服务器端代码和数据库仍可用于搜索和表单填充等功能，但处理量保持最小。
• It’s secure. Unlike a CMS, it’s difficult to hack plain HTML files and there’s less incentive to try. If someone managed to get in, the site could be wiped and regenerated again.是安全的。 与CMS不同，它很难破解纯HTML文件，并且尝试的动机更少。 如果有人设法进入该站点，则可以将其擦除并重新生成。
• It’s easy. Content managers can retain their existing CMS but add build and deploy steps.这很容易。 内容管理员可以保留其现有的CMS，但可以添加构建和部署步骤。

Static site generators make sense for content sites with fairly infrequent updates. They are popular among technical writers, but more agencies and corporations will adopt them in 2016.

静态站点生成器对于内容站点的更新很少是有意义的。 它们在技术作家中很受欢迎，但是更多的代理商和公司将在2016年采用它们。

3. Chrome的市场份额将达到稳定水平 (3. Chrome’s Market Share Will Plateau)

Chrome is currently the world’s most popular web browser, with a 54% market share based on usage. I don’t expect that figure to drop, but I doubt Chrome will reach 60% before the end of the year. The reasons include:

Chrome目前是全球最受欢迎的网络浏览器， 根据使用情况 ，其市场份额为54％ 。 我不希望这个数字下降，但是我怀疑Chrome会在今年年底之前达到60％。 原因包括：

1. Increased bloat, memory usage and instability. Chrome can be a resource hog and users are starting to notice.膨胀，内存使用率和不稳定性增加。 Chrome可能会浪费大量资源，并且用户开始注意到它。
2. Increased suspicion. Google tracks your online activities closer than other vendors.怀疑增加。 Google比其他供应商更密切地跟踪您的在线活动。
3. Increased competition. Alternative applications are just as capable.竞争加剧。 替代应用程序也一样。

Browser competition is healthier than ever. This is a good thing: we never want to return to an IE6-like mono-culture.

浏览器竞争比以往更健康。 这是一件好事：我们再也不想回到像IE6一样的单一文化。

4.维瓦尔第将吸引注意 (4. Vivaldi Will Attract Attention)

Vivaldi is a new web browser which rose from Opera’s ashes. When Opera switched to Blink, many users were disappointed to discover few of version 12’s features were ported across. Several former employees joined forces to create Vivaldi and return the browser to its former glory. It includes features such as site-specific tab colors, quick commands, notes, email, panels and full customization.

Vivaldi是从Opera的废墟中兴起的一种新型Web浏览器。 当Opera切换到Blink时，许多用户失望地发现移植了第12版的功能很少。 几位前员工共同创建了Vivaldi，并使浏览器恢复了昔日的辉煌。 它包括一些功能，例如特定于站点的选项卡颜色，快速命令，注释，电子邮件，面板和完全自定义。

Vivaldi is unlikely to exceed a single-digit market share, but interest will increase during 2016 — especially among former Opera and power users.

Vivaldi不太可能超过个位数的市场份额，但2016年的兴趣将增加，尤其是在前歌剧和高级用户中。

5.苹果必须解决Safari的缺点 (5. Apple Must Address Safari’s Shortcomings)

While I don’t necessarily agree Safari is the new IE, it’s fallen noticeably behind other browsers — including those from Microsoft:

尽管我不一定同意Safari是新的IE ，但它明显落后于其他浏览器-包括Microsoft的浏览器：

• Safari supports fewer web technologies. Those it does support are often left languishing behind -webkit prefixes.

  Safari支持较少的Web技术 。 它确实支持的功能通常都放在-webkit前缀后面。

• Safari usage is dropping despite strong iPhone and iPad sales.尽管iPhone和iPad销量强劲，但Safari的使用率却在下降。
• Apple doesn’t permit alternative browsers on iOS (Chrome and Firefox are Safari skins).Apple不允许在iOS上使用其他浏览器(Chrome和Firefox是Safari皮肤)。
• It’s impossible to test Safari without access to Apple hardware.如果无法访问Apple硬件，则无法测试Safari。
• Apple seems reluctant to engage with the web community or reveal their intentions.苹果似乎不愿与网络社区接触或透露其意图。

Safari is vulnerable as HTML5 becomes a viable alternative to native apps. The most dedicated Apple fanboy will consider abandoning their iPhone when the browser offers a sub-standard experience.

Safari容易受到攻击，因为HTML5成为了本机应用程序的可行替代品。 当浏览器提供不合标准的体验时，最敬业的Apple粉丝会考虑放弃他们的iPhone。

Apple has some easy options. It could permit competing browsers on iOS or switch to the Blink engine. Doing nothing threatens the long-term success of their devices.

苹果有一些简单的选择。 它可能允许iOS上的竞争浏览器或切换到Blink引擎。 无所事事会威胁其设备的长期成功。

6. CSS网格布局将可用 (6. CSS Grid Layout Will Be Usable)

The CSS Grid Layout Module has been a W3C working draft for almost four years. Only one browser offers some support: IE/Edge. Chrome, Opera and Firefox have experimental implementations but CSS Grids will finally be viable during 2016.

CSS网格布局模块已经成为W3C的工作草案已有近四年了。 只有一种浏览器提供某些支持 ：IE / Edge。 Chrome，Opera和Firefox具有实验性的实现方式，但CSS网格最终将在2016年实现。

Grids offer several advantages over Flexbox:

与Flexbox相比，网格具有几个优点：

• grids can be defined before content loads to improve rendering performance可以在内容加载之前定义网格以提高渲染性能
• items can be positioned in both rows and columns项可以放置在行和列中
• items can be arranged and ordered in any way物品可以任何方式安排和订购
• matching column heights and vertical centering are supported without resorting to hacks!支持匹配的列高和垂直居中，而无需借助技巧！

Grids and Flexbox can co-exist. Grids can be mostly used for page layout — headers, footers, sidebars, etc. Flexbox will be used for layout within containers such as forms and widgets. Whatever happens, the age of convoluted floats is coming to an end.

网格和Flexbox可以共存。 网格通常可用于页面布局-页眉，页脚，侧边栏等。Flexbox将用于在表单和窗口小部件等容器内进行布局。 无论发生什么情况，回旋浮子的寿命即将结束。

7.设计动员 (7. Design Mobilification)

I don’t normally predict design trends, but this seems inevitable. Mobile-first will become a layout philosophy — not just a technical approach. Despite the possibilities of responsive web design, similar layouts will be used on all devices. Menus will be accessible via hamburger icons. Sidebars, which have been a staple part of web design since the table-layout days, will become redundant.

我通常不会预测设计趋势，但这似乎是不可避免的。 移动优先将成为一种布局理念，而不仅仅是一种技术方法。 尽管可以进行响应式网页设计，但所有设备都将使用相似的布局。 菜单将通过汉堡包图标访问。 自从布置表格以来，侧栏一直是Web设计的主要组成部分，它将变得多余。

Vast swathes of the web will become simpler, sleeker and performance aware. That is a good thing. Google AMP and Facebook Instant will be consigned to the technological trash compactor.

广大的网络将变得更加简单，时尚和性能意识。 这是一件好事。 Google AMP和Facebook Instant将委托给技术垃圾压实机。

8.平均页面重量将下降 (8. Average Page Weight Will Fall)

I predict this every year but, if simpler design trends continue, perhaps it could happen? Average page weight has doubled during the page three years and now exceeds 2.2MB. It wastes time, bandwidth and user sanity, but we’re obsessed with meaningless high-resolution photographs, underused social media integration and intrusive advertising.

我每年都会这样预测，但是如果继续以更简单的设计趋势发展，也许会发生吗？ 在该页面的三年中，平均页面重量增加了一倍，现在已超过2.2MB 。 它浪费时间，带宽和用户理智，但我们沉迷于毫无意义的高分辨率照片，社交媒体集成不足和侵入性广告。

At the very least, I hope the rate of obesity growth will slow from 1.3% per month.

至少，我希望肥胖的增长速度将从每月1.3％下降。

9. WebAssembly将成为利基技术 (9. WebAssembly Will Be a Niche Technology)

WebAssembly was one of the most hyped announcements of 2015. It makes JavaScript delivery more efficient by compiling source to a simpler, faster-processing, JavaScript-engine-compatible bytecode and packaging it in a compact binary file. In essence, it reduces the payload size so the application launches faster (although it does not necessarily run faster).

WebAssembly是2015年最热门的新闻之一。它通过将源代码编译为更简单，处理速度更快，与JavaScript引擎兼容的字节码并将其打包为紧凑的二进制文件，从而使JavaScript交付更加高效。 从本质上讲，它减小了有效负载大小，因此应用程序启动速度更快(尽管不一定运行得更快)。

C/C++ to WebAssembly compilers should arrive during 2016, which will benefit those creating complex games or vast browser-based applications. I suspect it will be several more years before the majority of us consider compiling JavaScript assets. Technologies such as the imminent HTTP/2 could improve JavaScript delivery without any effort.

从C / C ++到WebAssembly的编译器应于2016年到货，这将使创建复杂游戏或基于浏览器的大型应用程序受益。 我怀疑我们大多数人考虑编译JavaScript资产还需要几年的时间。 即将到来的HTTP / 2之类的技术可以毫不费力地改善JavaScript的传递。

10. SEO之死 (10. The Death of SEO)

RIP Search Engine Optimization, 1996 to 2016.

RIP搜索引擎优化，1996年至2016年。

In the early days, SEO meant tricking search engines with inane repetition of appropriate and inappropriate keywords. Google killed that with a PageRank algorithm which used hyperlinks to rate relevancy. That led to an explosion of automated web page farms with a sole purpose of linking to specific sites. Google improved their algorithm further and this process died.

在早期，SEO的意思是用适当和不合适的关键字反复无常地欺骗搜索引擎。 Google使用PageRank算法消除了这一点，该算法使用超链接对相关性进行评分。 这导致了自动网页场的爆炸式增长，其唯一目的是链接到特定站点。 Google进一步改进了他们的算法，此过程失败了。

This technical to-and-fro continued since people wanted quick and easy ways to reach #1 in Google. SEO was sold like snake oil — a mysterious technique which had no guarantees yet your site would fail without it. SEO companies: you had a good run. You had twenty years of dubious technical practices and undeserved revenues but it’s time to move on. Google has beaten you. Clients are wise to your ludicrous claims and scare tactics.

由于人们想要快速简便地达到Google排名第一的方式，因此这种来回不断的技术得以继续。 SEO像蛇油一样被出售，这是一种神秘的技术，无法保证，如果没有它，您的网站就会失败。 SEO公司：您经营良好。 您有20年的可疑技术实践和不当的收入，但是现在该继续前进了。 Google打败了你。 客户明智的对待您可笑的主张和恐吓策略。

There is a guaranteed solution which worked since the beginning: write good content which interests others. That’s it. You can have some impact with code optimization and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) techniques such as advertising and social media campaigns. However, the days of offering SEO as a expensive separate service have ended.

从一开始就存在一个有保证的解决方案： 写出让他人感兴趣的优质内容 。 而已。 您可能会对代码优化和搜索引擎营销(SEM)技术(例如广告和社交媒体广告系列)产生一些影响。 但是，提供SEO作为昂贵的单独服务的时代已经结束。

Apologies if you’re working for a great SEO company which doesn’t make unsubstantiated or misleading promises. I’m sure there are some out there — I’ve just never encountered one.

很抱歉，如果您正在为一家出色的SEO公司工作，而该公司不会做出毫无根据或误导性的承诺。 我敢肯定那里有一些- 我从未遇到过 。

Do you agree or disagree with any of my predictions? Do you have better foresights?

您是否同意我的任何预测？ 你有更好的远见吗？

All the best for 2016.

祝2016年一切顺利。

翻译自: https://www.sitepoint.com/10-web-predictions-2016/

2016传智web前端