Arduino 项目笔记|旋转鞋柜#按钮去抖Debounce#电机#压力传感器

一、轻触按键开关

零基础入门学用Arduino-基础知识篇-13 数字输入1 - 按键开关

零基础入门学用Arduino-基础知识篇-14 数字输入2 - 按键开关控制电路与程序

按键开关是一种功能性的电子开关，使用时轻轻点触开关按钮就可以是开关接通，当松开手时开关就断开。特点相连不同侧，同侧不相连。
1.上拉电阻

arduino内部自带内部上拉电阻，如果要使用该内部上拉电阻，只需要设置pinMode（pin，INPUT_PULLUP）;若该引脚pin设置为上拉电阻后，请勿将该引脚pin接入高于5V的电压。

Debounce 按钮去抖
方案一

int pushButton = 7;//按钮的输入引脚
int buttonState =0;//按钮的状态
int beforeState =0;//前一刻的按钮状态
int presstime  = 0；//假设按下按钮的次数
void setup()
{Serial.begin(9600);//串口波特率pinMode(pushButton,INPUT);//设定7号脚为输入 }
void loop()
{   buttonState = digitalRead(pushButton);if(buttonState == 1 && beforeState == 0 )//从没有按到按下按钮的一瞬间:按下为0，按下之前为1//按钮是上拉电阻按下为“0”{presstime=presstime+1;Serial.print("hi~~");Serial.println(presstime);}if(buttonState!=beforeState){delay(20);}beforeState=buttonState;delay(100);
}

方案二
// constants won’t change. They’re used here to set pin numbers:
const int button2Pin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 10; // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4; // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;
float val1 = 0;

int buttonState2 = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int buttonState4 = 0;
#define sudu 100

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
// initialize the LED pin as an output:
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);
pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);

pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);
buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);

float val1 = analogRead(pspin);

Serial.println(buttonState2);
Serial.println(buttonState4);

Serial.println(val1);

if(val1>10)
{

// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
if (buttonState2 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);

 digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH); analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu);

}
if (buttonState4 == LOW) {
// turn LED on:
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);
analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);

}
if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW))
{
digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);

for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(200);
}

}

}
else
{
delay(20);
}
delay(200);
}

方案三

//boolean state = false;
boolean buttonUp = true;//flag旗标-之前被按下过为true，按钮又弹起来void setup()
{//pinMode(13,OUTPUT);//digitalWrite(13,LOW);pinMode(7,INPUT);digitalWrite(HIGH);//初始化为HIGH，上拉电阻为“1”
}
void loop()
{if(digitalRead(7) == LOW && buttonUp == true)//按钮按下的一瞬间//digitalRead(7)!= HIGH && buttonUp ==true{digitalWrite(13,!digitalRead(13));//测试点亮LED灯buttonUp = false;}else if(digitalRead(7)== HIGH && buttonUp == false)//按钮没有按下//digitalRead(7)== HIGH && buttonUp !=true{buttonUp = true;}delay(100);
}

注意：方案三简单好理解！！！

#2021/06/26update# mixly版本

二、电机

L298N电机驱动
简介：电机驱动模块非常适合在电池供电的智能小车、玩具小车、机器人等上面使用，供电电压2V~10V，可同时驱动两个直流电机或者1个4线2相式步进电机，可实现正反转和调速的功能，每路电流能到1.5A持续电流，峰值电流可达2.5A，有热保护并且能够自动恢复。
注意：
1.电源正极与负极接反肯定会造成电路损坏。

2.输出对地短路或输出端短路，还有电机堵转的情况下，芯片都会热保护的，但是在接近或者超过10V电压且峰值电流大大超过2.5A的情况下也会造成芯片烧毁。
功能描述：当人坐在鞋柜上（压力传感器）之后，按键pin2、pin4控制电机正（motor3pin）反（motor5pin）转。

const int button2Pin = 2;     // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin =  10;      // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4;   // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;//压力传感器
float val1 = 0;int buttonState2 = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton statusint buttonState4 = 0;
#define   sudu   100//电机的转速void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);// initialize the LED pin as an output:pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}void loop() {// read the state of the pushbutton value:buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);float val1 = analogRead(pspin);Serial.println(buttonState2);Serial.println(buttonState4);Serial.println(val1);if(val1>10){// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:if (buttonState2 == LOW) {// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH); analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu); } if (buttonState4 == LOW) {// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);} if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW)) {digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);for(int i=0;i<10;i++){digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);delay(200);}} }delay(200);
}

第二版：

// constants won't change. They're used here to set pin numbers:
const int button2Pin = 2;     // 按钮1
const int ledPin =  10;      // 提示灯
const int button4Pin = 4;   // 按钮2
const int motor3pin = 3;    //电机正转pin脚
const int motor5pin = 5;    //电机反转pin脚
int pspin = A0;             //压力传感器检测pin脚
float val1 = 0;             //压力值int buttonState2 = 0;         // 按钮的状态值int buttonState4 = 0;
#define   sudu   192        //电机转速初始化值void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);// initialize the LED pin as an output:pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}void loop() {// read the state of the pushbutton value:buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);//读取按钮1的状态buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);float val1 = analogRead(pspin);Serial.println(buttonState2);Serial.println(buttonState4);Serial.println(val1);// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:if (buttonState2 == LOW&&buttonState4 == HIGH)//按钮1按下按钮2没有按下 或者按钮1没有按下，按钮2按下；根据按钮的电路是上拉电阻还是 下拉电阻判断！！！{// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH); analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu); } if (buttonState4 == LOW&&buttonState2 == HIGH) {// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);} if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW)) //电机停止转动{digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);/*for(int i=0;i<10;i++){digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);delay(200);}*/} if(val1>10){}delay(200);
}

第三版：


const int button2Pin = 2;     // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin =  10;      // the number of the LED pin
const int button4Pin = 4;   // variables will change:
const int motor3pin = 3;
const int motor5pin = 5;
int pspin = A0;
float val1 = 0;
int p_value = 4;int buttonState2 = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton statusint buttonState4 = 0;
#define   sudu   255void setup() {Serial.begin(9600);// initialize the LED pin as an output:pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);pinMode(button4Pin, INPUT);pinMode(motor3pin,OUTPUT);pinMode(motor5pin,OUTPUT);
}void loop() {// read the state of the pushbutton value:buttonState2 = digitalRead(button2Pin);buttonState4 = digitalRead(button4Pin);float val1 = analogRead(pspin);Serial.println(buttonState2);Serial.println(buttonState4);Serial.println(val1);// check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:if ((buttonState2 == LOW)&&(buttonState4 == HIGH )&&( val1>=p_value))//有人坐下、按钮2（下拉电阻）没有按下、按钮4按下（正转）{// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor3pin, HIGH); analogWrite(motor3pin, sudu); } if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == HIGH )&& (val1>=p_value))//反转，按钮2按下，按钮4没有按下，有人坐下{// turn LED on:digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);//digitalWrite(motor5pin, HIGH);analogWrite(motor5pin, sudu);} if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW) && (val1<=p_value))//两个按钮没有按下，没有人（电机停止）{digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);/*for(int i=0;i<10;i++){digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);delay(200);digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);delay(200);}*/} if ((buttonState4 == LOW)&&(buttonState2 == LOW) && (val1>=p_value)) //两个按钮没有按下，有人坐在上面（压力值），电机停止{digitalWrite(motor3pin, LOW);digitalWrite(motor5pin, LOW);} delay(200);
}

三、FSR402压力传感器

Arduino 传感器: 使用FSR402压力传感器检测压力

FSR402 薄膜压力传感器
公头杜邦线
面包板
Arduino Uno R3
10KΩ 电阻一个
Type A转B, USB 2.0线一根(打印机线), 作为Arduino Uno的电源

参考资料

[1] DFRobot|薄膜压力传感器