MySQL远程访问权限的设置

今儿有位同事提出，一套MySQL 5.6的环境，从数据库服务器本地登录，一切正常，可是若从远程服务器访问，就会报错，

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'bisal'@'x.x.x.x' (using password: YES)

我才开始接触MySQL，因此每一个错误场景，都是增长经验的机会，这种错误要么是密码错误，要么是未设置远程IP访问权限。

我们模拟下这个过程，首先，创建用户bisal，如果密码不加引号会报错，

mysql> create user bisal identified by bisal;

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'bisal' at line 1

创建完成，可以看出，用户bisal的host是%，不是具体某个IP，

mysql> create user bisal identified by 'bisal';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user, password, host from user;

+-------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------+

| user | password | host |

+-------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------+

...

| bisal | *9AA096167EB7110830776F0438CEADA9A7987E31 | % |

+-------+-------------------------------------------+-----------------+

实验一：让指定IP访问数据库

假设数据库服务器IP是x.x.x.1，授权让x.x.x.3用户可以访问，

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bisal'@'x.x.x.3';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时从x.x.x.2上访问数据库，就会提示错误，因为仅允许x.x.x.3服务器，可以访问数据库，

mysql -h x.x.x.1 -ubisal

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'bisal'@'app' (using password: YES)

授权让x.x.x.2用户可以访问，

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bisal'@'x.x.x.2' identified by 'bisal';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时从x.x.x.2上，就可以访问数据库了，

mysql -h x.x.x.1 -ubisal -pbisal

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1008

Server version: 5.6.31-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

实验二：让所有IP访问数据库

首先，收回刚才的授权，

mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from bisal@'%';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for bisal;

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for bisal@% |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'bisal'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*9AA096167EB7110830776F0438CEADA9A7987E31' |

+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

此时从x.x.x.2访问数据库，会提示错误，

mysql -h x.x.x.x -ubisal -pbisal

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 997

Server version: 5.6.31-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql

ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'bisal'@'%' to database 'mysql'

此时授予%所有机器访问权限，

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bisal'@'%' identified by 'bisal';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

从x.x.x.2访问数据库，此处的报错，是因为未输入密码，

mysql -ubisal

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'bisal'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

但如果之前设置的密码，和输入的密码不同，还是会提示错误，

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'bisal'@'%' identified by '123';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

[root@vm-kvm11853-app ~]# mysql -h x.x.x.129 -ubisal -pbisal

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'bisal'@'vm-kvm11853-app' (using password: YES)

使用正确的密码登录，一切正常了，

mysql -ubisal -p123

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 987

Server version: 5.6.31-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

总结：

1. MySQL中可以设置某个IP访问权限，也可以设置%所有IP访问权限。、

2. grant all privileges ... identified by 'password'，此处的password可以不是这用户的密码，远程访问以这个密码为准。

3. create user设置密码，需要用引号括起来，否则会提示语法错误。

4. create user用户不加@信息，则默认创建的用户host是%。

如果您觉得此篇文章对您有帮助，欢迎关注微信公众号：bisal的个人杂货铺，您的支持是对我最大的鼓励！共同学习，共同进步:)

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