【笔记】汉字拼音互转（带音标和笔顺）共20842字

1 爬取拼音和笔顺

拼音爬自https://zidian.900cha.com/。数据文件汉字拼音带音标和笔顺共20842字（“壭亪寽兯嚸”这五个字没收）

笔顺爬自http://bs.kaishicha.com/。数据文件汉字笔顺共20842字（“壭亪寽兯嚸”这五个字没收）

public class CharUnit
{/// <summary>/// 汉字/// </summary>public char Char;/// <summary>/// 偏旁部首/// </summary>public char Radical;/// <summary>/// 总笔画数/// </summary>public byte StrokeCount;/// <summary>/// 笔顺/// </summary>public string Strokes;/// <summary>/// 拼音个数/// </summary>public byte PinyinCount;/// <summary>/// 拼音/// </summary>public string[] PinyinList;public static CharUnit Deserialize(BinaryReader binaryReader){var charUnit = new CharUnit();charUnit.Char = binaryReader.ReadChar();charUnit.Radical = binaryReader.ReadChar();charUnit.StrokeCount = binaryReader.ReadByte();charUnit.Strokes = binaryReader.ReadString();charUnit.PinyinCount = binaryReader.ReadByte();charUnit.PinyinList = new string[(int)charUnit.PinyinCount];for (int i = 0; i < (int)charUnit.PinyinCount; i++){charUnit.PinyinList[i] = binaryReader.ReadString();}return charUnit;}public void Serialize(BinaryWriter binaryWriter){binaryWriter.Write(this.Char);binaryWriter.Write(this.Radical);binaryWriter.Write(this.StrokeCount);binaryWriter.Write(this.Strokes);binaryWriter.Write(this.PinyinCount);for (int i = 0; i < (int)this.PinyinCount; i++){binaryWriter.Write(this.PinyinList[i]);}}
}

2 vs2019新建.net core console项目，NuGet导入

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore              //ef core
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design       //在nuget
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools        //控制台中管理数据迁移
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite       //sqlite
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite.Core  //sqlite
HtmlAgilityPack                            //xpath

3 共五个表：汉字、部首、笔顺、拼音、拼音汉字many-to-many辅助表。部首和汉字是one-to-many，笔顺和汉字是one-to-one。

public class ChineseChar
{public ChineseChar()=> PinYins = new JoinCollectionFacade<PinYin, PinYinChar>(PinYinChars,pyc => pyc.PinYin,py => new PinYinChar { PinYin = py, ChineseChar = this });public int ChineseCharId { get; set; }[Column(TypeName = "NCHAR(1)"), Required]public char Char { get; set; }public int RadicalId { get; set; }public Radical Radical { get; set; }public CharStroke CharStroke { get; set; }private ICollection<PinYinChar> PinYinChars { get; } = new List<PinYinChar>();[NotMapped]public ICollection<PinYin> PinYins { get; }
}public class PinYin
{public PinYin()=> ChineseChars = new JoinCollectionFacade<ChineseChar, PinYinChar>(PinYinChars,pyc => pyc.ChineseChar,cchar => new PinYinChar { PinYin = this, ChineseChar = cchar });public int PinYinId { get; set; }[Column(TypeName = "NVARCHAR(6)"), Required]public string Pinyin { get; set; }private ICollection<PinYinChar> PinYinChars { get; } = new List<PinYinChar>();[NotMapped]public ICollection<ChineseChar> ChineseChars { get; }
}public class PinYinChar
{public int PinYinId { get; set; }public PinYin PinYin { get; set; }public int ChineseCharId { get; set; }public ChineseChar ChineseChar { get; set; }
}public class Radical
{public int RadicalId { get; set; }[Column(TypeName = "NCHAR(1)"), Required]public char RadicalOfChar { get; set; }public ICollection<ChineseChar> ChineseChars { get; } = new List<ChineseChar>();
}public class CharStroke
{[Key]public int ChineseCharId { get; set; }[Column(TypeName = "TINYINT"), Required]public int StrokeCount { get; set; }[Column(TypeName = "NVARCHAR(120)"), Required]public string Stroke { get; set; }public ChineseChar ChineseChar { get; set; }
}public class PinyinConvertContext : DbContext
{public DbSet<ChineseChar> ChineseChar { get; set; }public DbSet<Radical> Radical { get; set; }public DbSet<CharStroke> CharStroke { get; set; }public DbSet<PinYin> PinYin { get; set; }protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder){optionsBuilder.UseSqlite($"Data Source = {AppContext.BaseDirectory}/PinyinConvert.db");}protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder){//one-to-onemodelBuilder.Entity<ChineseChar>().HasOne(cc => cc.CharStroke).WithOne(cs => cs.ChineseChar).HasForeignKey<CharStroke>(cc => cc.ChineseCharId);//one-to-manymodelBuilder.Entity<ChineseChar>().HasOne(cc => cc.Radical).WithMany(r => r.ChineseChars).HasForeignKey(cc => cc.RadicalId);//many-to-manymodelBuilder.Entity<PinYinChar>().HasKey(pyc => new { pyc.PinYinId, pyc.ChineseCharId});modelBuilder.Entity<PinYinChar>().HasOne(pyc => pyc.PinYin).WithMany("PinYinChars");modelBuilder.Entity<PinYinChar>().HasOne(pyc => pyc.ChineseChar).WithMany("PinYinChars");}
}

many-to-many参考https://blog.oneunicorn.com/2017/09/25/many-to-many-relationships-in-ef-core-2-0-part-3-hiding-as-icollection/做了改动，隐藏了属性PinYinChar，增加了类JoinCollectionFacade

public class JoinCollectionFacade<T, TJoin> : ICollection<T>
{private readonly ICollection<TJoin> _collection;private readonly Func<TJoin, T> _selector;private readonly Func<T, TJoin> _creator;public JoinCollectionFacade(ICollection<TJoin> collection,Func<TJoin, T> selector,Func<T, TJoin> creator){_collection = collection;_selector = selector;_creator = creator;}public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()=> _collection.Select(e => _selector(e)).GetEnumerator();IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()=> GetEnumerator();public void Add(T item)=> _collection.Add(_creator(item));public void Clear()=> _collection.Clear();public bool Contains(T item)=> _collection.Any(e => Equals(_selector(e), item));public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex)=> this.ToList().CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);public bool Remove(T item)=> _collection.Remove(_collection.FirstOrDefault(e => Equals(_selector(e), item)));public int Count=> _collection.Count;public bool IsReadOnly=> _collection.IsReadOnly;
}

4 Migration

Add-Migration Init
Update-Database

5 初始化数据库数据

public static void InitDataBase()
{var data = GetCharUnits();//爬来的两个m不带声调，手动修改var t = data.FirstOrDefault(item => item.Char == '呣');t.PinyinList[1] = "ḿ";t.PinyinList[2] = "m̀";var radicals = (from radical in (from item in dataselect item.Radical).Distinct()select new Radical { RadicalOfChar = radical }).ToList();var pinyins = (from pinyin in (from item in datafrom tmp in item.PinyinListselect tmp).Distinct()select new PinYin { Pinyin = pinyin }).ToList();using (var context = new PinyinConvertContext()){context.Database.EnsureCreated();using (var transaction = context.Database.BeginTransaction()){foreach (var item in data){var cchar = new ChineseChar { Char = item.Char };//one-to-onevar stroke = new CharStroke { StrokeCount = item.StrokeCount, Stroke = item.Strokes };cchar.CharStroke = stroke;context.CharStroke.Add(stroke);//one-to-manyvar radical = radicals.FirstOrDefault(r => r.RadicalOfChar == item.Radical);radical.ChineseChars.Add(cchar);//many-to-manyforeach (var str in item.PinyinList){var pinyin = pinyins.FirstOrDefault(p => str == p.Pinyin);cchar.PinYins.Add(pinyin);}context.ChineseChar.Add(cchar);}context.AddRange(radicals);context.SaveChanges();transaction.Commit();}}
}private static IEnumerable<CharUnit> GetCharUnits()
{var result = new List<CharUnit>();var file = Path.Combine(SpecialDirectories.MyDocuments, "charunits.cu");using (var input = File.OpenRead(file))using (var reader = new BinaryReader(input)){try{while (true){var charUnit = CharUnit.Deserialize(reader);result.Add(charUnit);}}catch { }}return result;
}

charunits.cu文件放在文档库根目录下。

6 汉字转拼音

/// <summary>
/// 多个汉字<paramref name="str"/>的拼音
/// </summary>
public static string ChineseCharToPinyin(string str, PinyinConvertContext context)=> string.Join(" ", from ch in strselect ChineseCharToPinyin(ch, context) into tmpselect (tmp.Count() <= 1 ? "" : "[") +string.Join(" ", tmp) +(tmp.Count() <= 1 ? "" : "]"));/// <summary>
/// 汉字<paramref name="ch"/>的所有拼音
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<string> ChineseCharToPinyin(char ch, PinyinConvertContext context)
{var cchars = context.ChineseChar.AsNoTracking().Include("PinYinChars.PinYin").ToList();return (from cchar in ccharswhere cchar.Char == chfrom pinyin in cchar.PinYinsselect pinyin.Pinyin).ToList();
}[TestMethod]
public async Task ChineseCharToPinyinTest()
{using(var context = new PinyinConvertContext()){context.Database.EnsureCreated();var test = ChineseCharToPinyin('仛', context).ToArray();var expected = new string[] { "tuō", "chà", "duó" };CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(expected, test);var testpinyin = ChineseCharToPinyin("可惜不是你", context);var expectedpinyin = @"[kě kè] xī [bù fǒu] shì nǐ";Assert.AreEqual(expectedpinyin, testpinyin);}
}

7 拼音转汉字

/// <summary>
/// 拼音<paramref name="pinyin"/>的所有汉字
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<char> PinyinToChineseChar(string pinyin, PinyinConvertContext context)
{var pinyins = context.PinYin.AsNoTracking().Include("PinYinChars.ChineseChar").ToList();return (from item in pinyinswhere item.Pinyin == pinyinfrom cchar in item.ChineseCharsselect cchar.Char).ToList();
}[TestMethod]
public async Task PinyinToChineseCharTest()
{using(var context = new PinyinConvertContext()){context.Database.EnsureCreated();var test = PinyinToChineseChar("tā", context).ToArray();var expected = new char[] { '她','他','它','牠','祂','铊','趿','鉈','榙','塌','溻','褟' };CollectionAssert.AreEquivalent(expected, test);}
}

8 汉字部首

/// <summary>
/// 汉字<paramref name="ch"/>的部首
/// </summary>
public static char GetRadical(char ch, PinyinConvertContext context)
{var cchars = context.ChineseChar.AsNoTracking().Include(cc => cc.Radical).ToList();return (from cchar in ccharswhere cchar.Char == chselect cchar.Radical.RadicalOfChar).FirstOrDefault();
}[TestMethod]
public async Task GetRadicalTest()
{using(var context = new PinyinConvertContext()){context.Database.EnsureCreated();var test = GetRadical('烎', context);var expected = '火';Assert.AreEqual(expected, test);}
}

9 汉字笔顺

/// <summary>
/// 汉字<paramref name="ch"/>的笔顺
/// </summary>
public static string GetStrokes(char ch, PinyinConvertContext context)
{var cchars = context.ChineseChar.AsNoTracking().Include(cc => cc.CharStroke).ToList();return (from cchar in ccharswhere cchar.Char == chselect cchar.CharStroke.Stroke).FirstOrDefault();
}[TestMethod]
public async Task GetStrokesTest()
{using(var context = new PinyinConvertContext()){context.Database.EnsureCreated();var test = GetStrokes('嘦', context);var expected = "竖\t横折\t横\t撇\t点\t横\t竖\t横折\t竖\t竖\t横\t撇点\t撇\t横";Assert.AreEqual(expected, test);}
}

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