文章目录

• 目标
• • 引入问题
• 线程上下文类加载器
• • 服务提供者接口（SPI）
  • JDBC 源码分析
• 代码实践
• • 工程一
  • • SPI 服务接口
    • 基础调用类
    • 打包
  • 工程二
  • • 导入base.jar包
    • SPI 服务实现
    • 测试代码
  • 测试
  • • 测试1:
    • 测试2：

// 设置线程的上下文类加载器
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
// 获取当前线程的上下文类加载器
ClassLoader contextClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();

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// 装载mysql的驱动，把Driver类装载进jvm
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
// 获取数据库连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
// 使用连接操作数据库
stmt = (Statement) conn.createStatement();
String sql = "SELECT * FROM xxx";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);

    static {loadInitialDrivers();println("JDBC DriverManager initialized");}private static void loadInitialDrivers() {// ....// 加载 Driver 所有实现ServiceLoader<Driver> loadedDrivers = ServiceLoader.load(Driver.class);Iterator<Driver> driversIterator = loadedDrivers.iterator();try{while(driversIterator.hasNext()) {driversIterator.next();}} catch(Throwable t) {// Do nothing}return null;// ....}

    public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {// 获取线程上下文类加载器ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();// 执行load方法return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);}public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service,ClassLoader loader){// 创建了一个 ServiceLoader,调用有参的构造方法return new  ServiceLoader<>(service, loader);}private ServiceLoader(Class<S> svc, ClassLoader cl) {service = Objects.requireNonNull(svc, "Service interface cannot be null");loader = (cl == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() : cl;acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null) ? AccessController.getContext() : null;// 执行reload方法reload();}public void reload() {// LinkedHashMap<String,S> providers 用于缓存提供程序providers.clear();// 创建一个惰性迭代器lookupIterator = new LazyIterator(service, loader);}

   while(driversIterator.hasNext()) {driversIterator.next();}
//  hasNext 和  next 都被重新实现了
// 具体只展示一下 next() 方法，在next 方法中将服务实现类，都创建出来（删掉了许多代码，只保留了主要的）private S next() {String cn = nextName;nextName = null;Class<?> c = null;// ...// 使用forname 反射，将服务实现（比如 com.mysql.jdbc.Driver ）装载至jvm中，但是并没有初始化（false）,loader 就是构造 LazyIterator 传入的 classloader，也就是线程上下文类加载器（默认是 applicationClassloader 应用类加载器）c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);// ...// 使用 newInstance 创建对象（使用无参的构造方法）S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());// 将服务实现类对象，设置到 缓存map中。providers.put(cn, p);return p;}       

// java.sql.DriverManagerprivate static Connection getConnection(String url, java.util.Properties info, Class<?> caller) throws SQLException {// 循环 registeredDrivers 是一个 CopyOnWriteArrayList<DriverInfo> 存放这 driver实例for(DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) {if(isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerCL)) {// driver.connect 调用的代码就是 服务实现类（比如com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver）实现的内容Connection con = aDriver.driver.connect(url, info);if (con != null) {return (con);}}

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spijava.sql.Driver   # SPI 接口  #bootstrapClassLoader
com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver # SPI 实现类  # appClassLoader

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/*** <h1>SPI接口</h1>*/
public interface SpiService {/*** 连接** @return*/String conn();
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** <h1>基础调用类</h1>*/
public class SpiUse {// 保存所有服务实现public static List<SpiService> spiServiceList = new ArrayList<>();static {try {System.out.println("thread context classloader :" + Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());// TODO 测试1：测试不使用线程上下文类加载器，也就是遵循双亲委派模型，加载类// 通过反射获取SPI服务实现类，并创建Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("fun.gengzi.test.classshow.SpiServiceImpl");// TODO 测试2：注释上述代码，放开下面代码，测试使用线程上下文类加载器破坏双亲委派模型//      Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("fun.gengzi.test.classshow.SpiServiceImpl", true, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());Object o = aClass.newInstance();spiServiceList.add((SpiService) o);} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (InstantiationException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 工具方法** @return*/public static String conn() {// 仿照DriverManager.getConnection,循环所有的服务实现，有一个成功就返回（其实我们这里只有一个实现）for (SpiService spiService : spiServiceList) {return spiService.conn();}return null;}}

import com.gengzi.base.SpiService;/*** <h1>服务接口实现</h1>*/
public class SpiServiceImpl implements SpiService {@Overridepublic String conn() {return "---conn---";}
}

import com.gengzi.base.SpiUse;public class SpiTest {public static void main(String[] args) {String conn = SpiUse.conn();System.out.println(conn);}}

-Xbootclasspath/a:D:\ideaworkspace\base.jar

  // TODO 测试1：测试不使用线程上下文类加载器，也就是遵循双亲委派模型，加载类Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("fun.gengzi.test.classshow.SpiServiceImpl");

thread context classloader :sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
null
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: fun/gengzi/test/classshow/SpiServiceImplat java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)at com.gengzi.base.SpiUse.<clinit>(SpiUse.java:18)at fun.gengzi.test.classshow.SpiTest.main(SpiTest.java:8)Process finished with exit code 0

 // TODO 测试2：注释上述代码，放开下面代码，测试使用线程上下文类加载器破坏双亲委派模型Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("fun.gengzi.test.classshow.SpiServiceImpl", true, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());

thread context classloader :sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader@18b4aac2
---conn---Process finished with exit code 0