java使用poi操作excel，写入excel数据并下载

例如：导出用户信息到excel

引入对应资源库：

// 我使用的gradle,使用maven的去maven repository复制implementation 'org.apache.poi:poi:4.1.2'implementation 'org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:4.1.2'implementation 'org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml-schemas:4.1.2'

//controller层
@GetMapping("/exportuserexcel")public void exportUserExcel(HttpServletResponse response){userService.exportUserExcel(response);}

 //service层public void exportUserExcel(HttpServletResponse response) {//查出想要导出的用户信息List<UserDto> userList= UserList;//定义导出的文件名String fileName = excelFileNameBuffer();exportDetail(response,fileName,userList);}public String excelFileNameBuffer(){return "xxxx_" + TimeUtils.formatTimeToDay(new Date()) +"_" +TimeUtils.formatTimeToSecond(new Date()) +".xlsx";}public void exportDetail(HttpServletResponse response,String fileName,List<UserDto> userList) {response.reset();try {response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + new String(fileName.getBytes("GBK"), StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(),e);}response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=UTF-8");response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);XSSFWorkbook workbook;try {workbook = exportExcelInfo(userList);OutputStream output;output = response.getOutputStream();BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutPut = new BufferedOutputStream(output);bufferedOutPut.flush();workbook.write(bufferedOutPut);bufferedOutPut.close();}catch (Exception e){LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(),e);}}public XSSFWorkbook exportExcelInfo(List<UserDto> list) {List<ExcelBean> excel=new ArrayList<>();Map<Integer,List<ExcelBean>> map=new LinkedHashMap<>();XSSFWorkbook xssfWorkbook = null;//第一个参数为表头，第二个参数为要取的字段excel.add(new ExcelBean("Name","username",0));excel.add(new ExcelBean("Type","usertypename",0));excel.add(new ExcelBean("Full Name","fullname",0));excel.add(new ExcelBean("Email","email",0));map.put(0, excel);try {xssfWorkbook = ExcelUtil.createExcelFile(UserDto.class, list, map, "UserInfo");} catch (Exception e) {LOGGER.error(e.getMessage(),e);}return xssfWorkbook;}

以下工具类可直接使用：

//工具类
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFCellStyle;public class ExcelBean implements  java.io.Serializable{private String headTextName; //列头（标题）名private String propertyName; //对应字段名private Integer cols; //合并单元格数private XSSFCellStyle cellStyle;public String getHeadTextName() {return headTextName;}public void setHeadTextName(String headTextName) {this.headTextName = headTextName;}public String getPropertyName() {return propertyName;}public void setPropertyName(String propertyName) {this.propertyName = propertyName;}public Integer getCols() {return cols;}public void setCols(Integer cols) {this.cols = cols;}public XSSFCellStyle getCellStyle() {return cellStyle;}public void setCellStyle(XSSFCellStyle cellStyle) {this.cellStyle = cellStyle;}public ExcelBean(){}public ExcelBean(String headTextName, Integer cols) {this.headTextName = headTextName;this.cols = cols;}public ExcelBean(String headTextName, String propertyName){this.headTextName = headTextName;this.propertyName = propertyName;}public ExcelBean(String headTextName, String propertyName, Integer cols) {super();this.headTextName = headTextName;this.propertyName = propertyName;this.cols = cols;}}

//工具类
import org.apache.http.client.utils.DateUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;import java.beans.IntrospectionException;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;public class ExcelUtil {private final static String excel2003L =".xls";    //2003- 版本的excelprivate final static String excel2007U =".xlsx";   //2007+ 版本的excel/*** Excel导入*/public static  List<List<Object>> getBankListByExcel(InputStream in, String fileName) throws Exception{List<List<Object>> list = null;//创建Excel工作薄Workbook work = getWorkbook(in,fileName);if(null == work){throw new Exception("创建Excel工作薄为空！");}Sheet sheet = null;Row row = null;Cell cell = null;list = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();//遍历Excel中所有的sheetfor (int i = 0; i < work.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {sheet = work.getSheetAt(i);if(sheet==null){continue;}//遍历当前sheet中的所有行//包涵头部，所以要小于等于最后一列数,这里也可以在初始值加上头部行数，以便跳过头部for (int j = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); j <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); j++) {//读取一行row = sheet.getRow(j);//去掉空行和表头if(row==null||row.getFirstCellNum()==j){continue;}//遍历所有的列List<Object> li = new ArrayList<Object>();for (int y = row.getFirstCellNum(); y < row.getLastCellNum(); y++) {cell = row.getCell(y);li.add(getCellValue(cell));}list.add(li);}}return list;}/*** 描述：根据文件后缀，自适应上传文件的版本*/public static  Workbook getWorkbook(InputStream inStr, String fileName) throws Exception{Workbook wb = null;String fileType = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));if(excel2003L.equals(fileType)){wb = new HSSFWorkbook(inStr);  //2003-}else if(excel2007U.equals(fileType)){wb = new XSSFWorkbook(inStr);  //2007+}else{throw new Exception("解析的文件格式有误！");}return wb;}/*** 描述：对表格中数值进行格式化*/public static  Object getCellValue(Cell cell){Object value = null;DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0");  //格式化字符类型的数字SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyy-MM-dd");  //日期格式化DecimalFormat df2 = new DecimalFormat("0.00");  //格式化数字switch (cell.getCellType()) {case STRING:value = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();break;case NUMERIC:if("General".equals(cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormatString())){value = df.format(cell.getNumericCellValue());}else if("m/d/yy".equals(cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormatString())){value = sdf.format(cell.getDateCellValue());}else{value = df2.format(cell.getNumericCellValue());}break;case BOOLEAN:value = cell.getBooleanCellValue();break;case BLANK:value = "";break;default:break;}return value;}/*** 导入Excel表结束* 导出Excel表开始* @param sheetName 工作簿名称* @param clazz  数据源model类型* @param objs   excel标题列以及对应model字段名* @param map  标题列行数以及cell字体样式*/public static XSSFWorkbook createExcelFile(Class clazz, List objs, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map, String sheetName) throwsIllegalArgumentException,IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,ClassNotFoundException, IntrospectionException, ParseException {// 创建新的Excel工作簿XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();// 在Excel工作簿中建一工作表，其名为缺省值, 也可以指定Sheet名称XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);// 以下为excel的字体样式以及excel的标题与内容的创建，下面会具体分析;createFont(workbook); //字体样式createTableHeader(sheet, map); //创建标题（头）createTableRows(sheet, map, objs, clazz); //创建内容return workbook;}private static XSSFCellStyle fontStyle;private static XSSFCellStyle fontStyle2;public static void createFont(XSSFWorkbook workbook) {// 表头fontStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();XSSFFont font1 = workbook.createFont();//font1.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);font1.setFontName("黑体");font1.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 14);// 设置字体大小fontStyle.setFont(font1);
//        fontStyle.setBorderBottom(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN); // 下边框
//        fontStyle.setBorderLeft(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 左边框
//        fontStyle.setBorderTop(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 上边框
//        fontStyle.setBorderRight(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 右边框fontStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.LEFT); // 居左// 内容fontStyle2=workbook.createCellStyle();XSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();font2.setFontName("宋体");font2.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);// 设置字体大小fontStyle2.setFont(font2);
//        fontStyle2.setBorderBottom(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN); // 下边框
//        fontStyle2.setBorderLeft(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 左边框
//        fontStyle2.setBorderTop(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 上边框
//        fontStyle2.setBorderRight(HorizontalAlignment.BORDER_THIN);// 右边框fontStyle2.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.LEFT); // 居左}/*** 根据ExcelMapping 生成列头（多行列头）** @param sheet 工作簿* @param map 每行每个单元格对应的列头信息*/public static final void createTableHeader(XSSFSheet sheet, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map) {int startIndex=0;//cell起始位置int endIndex=0;//cell终止位置for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> entry : map.entrySet()) {XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(entry.getKey());List<ExcelBean> excels = entry.getValue();for (int x = 0; x < excels.size(); x++) {//合并单元格if(excels.get(x).getCols()>1){MergeCells(sheet,x,startIndex,endIndex,excels,row);}else{XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(x);cell.setCellValue(excels.get(x).getHeadTextName());// 设置内容if (excels.get(x).getCellStyle() != null) {cell.setCellStyle(excels.get(x).getCellStyle());// 设置格式}cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle);}}}}public static void MergeCells(XSSFSheet sheet, int x, int startIndex, int endIndex, List<ExcelBean> excels, XSSFRow row){if(x==0){endIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols()-1;CellRangeAddress range=new CellRangeAddress(0,0,startIndex,endIndex);sheet.addMergedRegion(range);startIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();}else{endIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();CellRangeAddress range=new CellRangeAddress(0,0,startIndex,endIndex);sheet.addMergedRegion(range);startIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();}XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(startIndex-excels.get(x).getCols());cell.setCellValue(excels.get(x).getHeadTextName());// 设置内容if (excels.get(x).getCellStyle() != null) {cell.setCellStyle(excels.get(x).getCellStyle());// 设置格式}cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle);}public static void createTableRows(XSSFSheet sheet, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map, List objs, Class clazz)throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, IntrospectionException {int rowindex = map.size();int maxKey = 0;List<ExcelBean> ems = new ArrayList<>();for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> entry : map.entrySet()) {if (entry.getKey() > maxKey) {maxKey = entry.getKey();}}ems = map.get(maxKey);List<Integer> widths = new ArrayList<Integer>(ems.size());createTableRowsLogicLoop(sheet,objs,rowindex,ems,clazz,widths);// 设置列宽for (int index = 0; index < widths.size(); index++) {Integer width = widths.get(index);width = width < 2500 ? 2500 : width + 300;width = width > 10000 ? 10000 + 300 : width + 300;sheet.setColumnWidth(index, width);}}public static void createTableRowsLogicLoop(XSSFSheet sheet, List objs, int rowindex, List<ExcelBean> ems, Class clazz, List<Integer> widths) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, IntrospectionException {for (Object obj : objs) {XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowindex);for (int i = 0; i < ems.size(); i++) {ExcelBean em = (ExcelBean) ems.get(i);PropertyDescriptor pd = new PropertyDescriptor(em.getPropertyName(), clazz);// 获得get方法Method getMethod = pd.getReadMethod();Object rtn = getMethod.invoke(obj);String value = "";value = typeCast(rtn,value);XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(value);cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle2);int width = value.getBytes().length * 300;// 获得最大列宽if (widths.size() <= i) {// 还未设置，设置当前widths.add(width);continue;}if (width > widths.get(i)) {// 比原来大，更新数据widths.set(i, width);}}rowindex++;}}public static String typeCast(Object rtn, String value){if (rtn != null) {// 如果是日期类型进行转换if (rtn instanceof Date) {value = DateUtils.formatDate((Date)rtn,"yyyy-MM-dd");} else if(rtn instanceof BigDecimal){NumberFormat nf = new DecimalFormat("#,##0.00");value=nf.format((BigDecimal)rtn).toString();} else if((rtn instanceof Integer) && (Integer.valueOf(rtn.toString())<0 )){value="--";}else {value = rtn.toString();}}return value;}
}

导出样式：

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