1、下载 mysql

打开 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 链接，点击 "Looking for previous GA versions?"

选择 "Linux - Generic" ， x86-64 bit 的版本

就可以下载 mysql 了

2、安装配置 mysql

把下载的 mysql 二进制包上传到 linux服务器上，或者直接在服务上下载 mysql 二进制包

# cd /usr/local/src/

# wget https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

# tar xvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql

// 创建 mysql 用户

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

# mkdir mysql-files

# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files/

# chmod 750 mysql-files/

// 先创建 /opt/mysql/data 目录和分配 mysql 权限

# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data

# chown mysql:mysql /opt/mysql/data/

# chmod 750 /opt/mysql/data/

// 创建 mysql error.log、mysql.pid、mysql.sock存放目录

# mkdir -p /var/log/mysql

# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysql/

# chmod 750 /var/log/mysql/

// 注意终端输出的 root@localhost 的初始密码为 -ymdPl>-q0+Q

# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/

2019-10-07T14:46:19.092276Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2019-10-07T14:46:19.113051Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2019-10-07T14:46:19.170896Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3902c202-e911-11e9-bd58-0050568209d2.

2019-10-07T14:46:19.171605Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2019-10-07T14:46:19.173398Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -ymdPl>-q0+Q

// 修改 /etc/my.cnf 中的参数 datadir、socket、log-error、pid-file

# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir=/opt/mysql/data

pid-file=/var/log/mysql/mysql.pid

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysql/error.log

socket=/var/log/mysql/mysql.sock

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

// 修改 /etc/init.d/mysql.server 中的数据目录参数 datadir 的值为 /opt/mysql/data，基础目录 basedir 参数的值为 /usr/local/mysql

# vim /etc/init.d/mysql.server

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/opt/mysql/data

// 启动 mysql

# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.

. SUCCESS!

# netstat -nltup|grep 3306

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 32201/mysqld

// 登录 mysql，输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q

# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> exit

Bye

// 如果提示密码过期

ERROR 1862 (HY000): Your password has expired. To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.

// 按如下方式重置 mysql 密码

// 先关闭 mysql

# /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

// 再启动无需密码认证的 mysql

# ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

// 直接登录 mysql，无需密码

# mysql

// 把 root@localhost 的密码设为不过期

MySQL [(none)]> update mysql.user set password_expired='N' where user='root';

MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;

MySQL [(none)]> exit

// 关闭 "./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &" 这种方式启动的 mysql，此处需要输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q

# mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown --socket=/var/log/mysql/mysql.sock

// 再正常启动 mysql

# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

// 输入上面的初始密码 -ymdPl>-q0+Q 登录就行

# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

// 更改 root 密码的方法，比如更改 root 密码 为 123456

# mysql -uroot -p

MySQL [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

MySQL [(none)]> flush privileges;

参考：