python编译安装

1. centos8 下载编译安装python3.*

下载 https://www.python.org/

安装依赖

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel xz-devel libffi-devel

解压编译

tar -zxvf Python-3.6.7.tgz
./configure --prefix=/opt/python367/  --enable-optimizations  --enable-ipv6
make && make install

prefix的含义，指定了安装路径。

注意：经过测试，如果你的编译选项 --prefix= 指定了路径，那么你编译python后，执行pip，它默认是找你编译时–prefix= 指定了路径的解释器。因此，推荐–prefix= 改成我们真实需要安装的目录路径。

2. centos7下编译安装 python3.8.12

CentOS7下安装python3.8
参考URL: https://www.cnblogs.com/xiejava/p/15541899.html

环境：

 cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
yum install libffi-devel -y

python官网https://www.python.org/
下载稳定版本3.8版

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.12/Python-3.8.12.tgz

tar -zxvf Python-3.8.12.tgz
cd Python-3.8.12/
# --prefix=要安装的路径 ：python3的默认安装路径为/usr/local/bin/python3
#./configure
./configure --prefix=/opt/python38/
make&&make install

通过python -V命令查看python版号
使用python命令开启python，然后依次执行如下代码即可查看python安装路径：

>>> import sys
>>> sys.path

编译过程报错

编译报错： Could not import runpy module

参考URL: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44463879/could-not-import-runpy-module

在低版本的gcc版本中带有 --enable-optimizations 参数时会出现上面问题
gcc 8.1.0修复此问题

1、升级gcc至8.1.0【不推荐】
2、./configure参数中去掉 --enable-optimizations

但是3.8.12测试 ./configure参数中去掉 --enable-optimizations，依旧报错。可以尝试方法1，升级GCC（未测试验证）

在 CentOS 7 软件源上，默认 GCC 可用版本是4.8.5:

Centos python3编译安装以及编译gcc升级
参考URL: https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1754597

gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)
Copyright © 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

3. uos\ubuntu 下载编译安装python3.*

安装依赖

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential

解压编译

tar -zxvf Python-3.6.7.tgz
./configure --prefix=/opt/python367/  --enable-optimizations  --enable-ipv6
make && make install

prefix的含义，指定了安装路径

总结：同centos，就是依赖安装有点差异！