【Unity开发小技巧】AudioManager声音管理器

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在项目里做音频管理的时候，我们往往是跟资源管理结合起来的，但是这里我们就单音频管理展开。其实音频管理无非就是对几种固定的音效类型进行加载，播放，暂停，调音等一系列操作。我们只需要把一些常规操作写出来满足大部分的需求即可，对于其他一些特殊功能的比如在线剪切片段，动态调整音素的就需要我们另外实现。

我们一般会把音频分为四类：以农场类项目为例

1.背景音乐：全局只有一个，不同的场景不同的时间不同的天气都会有不同的背景音乐，其主要作用是为了烘托氛围。所以大部分的背景音乐都是2d的且音量是所有音效中最低的，目的为不突兀不刺激为主。

// 播放背景音乐
public void PlayBackgroundMusic(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = true, float speed = 1)
// 暂停播放背景音乐
public void PauseBackgroundMusic(bool isGradual = true)

2.人声配音：全局只有一个，经常会用在人物对话，npc讲话等人声场景下。当播放新的声音时会把当前的声音覆盖掉。

/// 播放单通道音效
public void PlaySingleSound(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1)
/// 暂停播放单通道音效
public void PauseSingleSound(bool isGradual = true)

3.技能ui音效：全局可以多个，在触发ui的时候或者释放技能的时候我们的配音是可以多个可重叠的。

/// 播放多通道音效public void PlayMultipleSound(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1)/// 停止播放指定的多通道音效public void StopMultipleSound(AudioClip clip)

4.世界3d音效：全局可以多个，世界音效其实就是3d音，我们一般用在固定位置范围内的音效，通过设置触发距离听到音量不一样的空间声音，比如cf的敌人脚步声。

 /// 播放世界音效
public void PlayWorldSound(GameObject attachTarget, AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1)
/// 暂停播放指定的世界音效public void PauseWorldSound(GameObject attachTarget, bool isGradual = true)

源代码：

using DG.Tweening;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public delegate void AudAction();
/// <summary>
/// 音频管理者
/// </summary>
[DisallowMultipleComponent]
public sealed class AudioManager : MonoBehaviour
{/// <summary>/// 是否静音初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public bool MuteDefault = false;/// <summary>/// 背景音乐优先级初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public int BackgroundPriorityDefault = 0;/// <summary>/// 单通道音效优先级初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public int SinglePriorityDefault = 10;/// <summary>/// 多通道音效优先级初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public int MultiplePriorityDefault = 20;/// <summary>/// 世界音效优先级初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public int WorldPriorityDefault = 30;/// <summary>/// 背景音乐音量初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public float BackgroundVolumeDefault = 0.6f;/// <summary>/// 单通道音效音量初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public float SingleVolumeDefault = 1;/// <summary>/// 多通道音效音量初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public float MultipleVolumeDefault = 1;/// <summary>/// 世界音效音量初始值【请勿在代码中修改】/// </summary>public float WorldVolumeDefault = 1;/// <summary>/// 单通道音效播放结束事件/// </summary>public event AudAction SingleSoundEndOfPlayEvent;private AudioSource _backgroundAudio;private AudioSource _singleAudio;private List<AudioSource> _multipleAudios = new List<AudioSource>();private Dictionary<GameObject, AudioSource> _worldAudios = new Dictionary<GameObject, AudioSource>();private bool _singleSoundPlayDetector = false;private bool _isMute = false;private int _backgroundPriority = 0;private int _singlePriority = 10;private int _multiplePriority = 20;private int _worldPriority = 30;private float _backgroundVolume = 0.6f;private float _singleVolume = 1;private float _multipleVolume = 1;private float _worldVolume = 1;public void Awake(){_backgroundAudio = CreateAudioSource("BackgroundAudio", BackgroundPriorityDefault, BackgroundVolumeDefault, 1, 0);_singleAudio = CreateAudioSource("SingleAudio", SinglePriorityDefault, SingleVolumeDefault, 1, 0);Mute = MuteDefault;BackgroundPriority = BackgroundPriorityDefault;SinglePriority = SinglePriorityDefault;MultiplePriority = MultiplePriorityDefault;WorldPriority = WorldPriorityDefault;BackgroundVolume = BackgroundVolumeDefault;SingleVolume = SingleVolumeDefault;MultipleVolume = MultipleVolumeDefault;WorldVolume = WorldVolumeDefault;}public void Start(){StopBackgroundMusic();StopSingleSound();StopAllMultipleSound();StopAllWorldSound();}public void Update(){if (_singleSoundPlayDetector){if (!_singleAudio.isPlaying){_singleSoundPlayDetector = false;SingleSoundEndOfPlayEvent?.Invoke();}}}/// <summary>/// 静音/// </summary>public bool Mute{get{return _isMute;}set{if (_isMute != value){_isMute = value;_backgroundAudio.mute = _isMute;_singleAudio.mute = _isMute;for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){_multipleAudios[i].mute = _isMute;}foreach (var audio in _worldAudios){audio.Value.mute = _isMute;}}}}/// <summary>/// 背景音乐优先级/// </summary>public int BackgroundPriority{get{return _backgroundPriority;}set{if (_backgroundPriority != value){_backgroundPriority = value;_backgroundAudio.priority = _backgroundPriority;}}}/// <summary>/// 单通道音效优先级/// </summary>public int SinglePriority{get{return _singlePriority;}set{if (_singlePriority != value){_singlePriority = value;_singleAudio.priority = _singlePriority;}}}/// <summary>/// 多通道音效优先级/// </summary>public int MultiplePriority{get{return _multiplePriority;}set{if (_multiplePriority != value){_multiplePriority = value;for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){_multipleAudios[i].priority = _multiplePriority;}}}}/// <summary>/// 世界音效优先级/// </summary>public int WorldPriority{get{return _worldPriority;}set{if (_worldPriority != value){_worldPriority = value;foreach (var audio in _worldAudios){audio.Value.priority = _worldPriority;}}}}/// <summary>/// 背景音乐音量/// </summary>public float BackgroundVolume{get{return _backgroundVolume;}set{if (!Mathf.Approximately(_backgroundVolume, value)){_backgroundVolume = value;_backgroundAudio.volume = _backgroundVolume;}}}/// <summary>/// 单通道音效音量/// </summary>public float SingleVolume{get{return _singleVolume;}set{if (!Mathf.Approximately(_singleVolume, value)){_singleVolume = value;_singleAudio.volume = _singleVolume;}}}/// <summary>/// 多通道音效音量/// </summary>public float MultipleVolume{get{return _multipleVolume;}set{if (!Mathf.Approximately(_multipleVolume, value)){_multipleVolume = value;for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){_multipleAudios[i].volume = _multipleVolume;}}}}/// <summary>/// 世界音效音量/// </summary>public float WorldVolume{get{return _worldVolume;}set{if (!Mathf.Approximately(_worldVolume, value)){_worldVolume = value;foreach (var audio in _worldAudios){audio.Value.volume = _worldVolume;}}}}/// <summary>/// 播放背景音乐/// </summary>/// <param name="clip">音乐剪辑</param>/// <param name="isLoop">是否循环</param>/// <param name="speed">播放速度</param>public void PlayBackgroundMusic(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = true, float speed = 1){if (_backgroundAudio.isPlaying){_backgroundAudio.Stop();}_backgroundAudio.clip = clip;_backgroundAudio.loop = isLoop;_backgroundAudio.pitch = speed;_backgroundAudio.Play();}/// <summary>/// 暂停播放背景音乐/// </summary>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void PauseBackgroundMusic(bool isGradual = true){if (isGradual){_backgroundAudio.DOFade(0, 2).OnComplete(() =>{_backgroundAudio.volume = BackgroundVolume;_backgroundAudio.Pause();});}else{_backgroundAudio.Pause();}}/// <summary>/// 恢复播放背景音乐/// </summary>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void UnPauseBackgroundMusic(bool isGradual = true){if (isGradual){_backgroundAudio.UnPause();_backgroundAudio.volume = 0;_backgroundAudio.DOFade(BackgroundVolume, 2);}else{_backgroundAudio.UnPause();}}/// <summary>/// 停止播放背景音乐/// </summary>public void StopBackgroundMusic(){if (_backgroundAudio.isPlaying){_backgroundAudio.Stop();}}/// <summary>/// 播放单通道音效/// </summary>/// <param name="clip">音乐剪辑</param>/// <param name="isLoop">是否循环</param>/// <param name="speed">播放速度</param>public void PlaySingleSound(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1){if (_singleAudio.isPlaying){_singleAudio.Stop();}_singleAudio.clip = clip;_singleAudio.loop = isLoop;_singleAudio.pitch = speed;_singleAudio.Play();_singleSoundPlayDetector = true;}/// <summary>/// 暂停播放单通道音效/// </summary>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void PauseSingleSound(bool isGradual = true){if (isGradual){_singleAudio.DOFade(0, 2).OnComplete(() =>{_singleAudio.volume = SingleVolume;_singleAudio.Pause();});}else{_singleAudio.Pause();}}/// <summary>/// 恢复播放单通道音效/// </summary>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void UnPauseSingleSound(bool isGradual = true){if (isGradual){_singleAudio.UnPause();_singleAudio.volume = 0;_singleAudio.DOFade(SingleVolume, 2);}else{_singleAudio.UnPause();}}/// <summary>/// 停止播放单通道音效/// </summary>public void StopSingleSound(){if (_singleAudio.isPlaying){_singleAudio.Stop();}}/// <summary>/// 播放多通道音效/// </summary>/// <param name="clip">音乐剪辑</param>/// <param name="isLoop">是否循环</param>/// <param name="speed">播放速度</param>public void PlayMultipleSound(AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1){AudioSource audio = ExtractIdleMultipleAudioSource();audio.clip = clip;audio.loop = isLoop;audio.pitch = speed;audio.Play();}/// <summary>/// 停止播放指定的多通道音效/// </summary>/// <param name="clip">音乐剪辑</param>public void StopMultipleSound(AudioClip clip){for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){if (_multipleAudios[i].isPlaying){if (_multipleAudios[i].clip == clip){_multipleAudios[i].Stop();}}}}/// <summary>/// 停止播放所有多通道音效/// </summary>public void StopAllMultipleSound(){for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){if (_multipleAudios[i].isPlaying){_multipleAudios[i].Stop();}}}/// <summary>/// 销毁所有闲置中的多通道音效的音源/// </summary>public void ClearIdleMultipleAudioSource(){for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){if (!_multipleAudios[i].isPlaying){AudioSource audio = _multipleAudios[i];_multipleAudios.RemoveAt(i);i -= 1;Destroy(audio.gameObject);}}}/// <summary>/// 播放世界音效/// </summary>/// <param name="attachTarget">附加目标</param>/// <param name="clip">音乐剪辑</param>/// <param name="isLoop">是否循环</param>/// <param name="speed">播放速度</param>public void PlayWorldSound(GameObject attachTarget, AudioClip clip, bool isLoop = false, float speed = 1){if (_worldAudios.ContainsKey(attachTarget)){AudioSource audio = _worldAudios[attachTarget];if (audio.isPlaying){audio.Stop();}audio.clip = clip;audio.loop = isLoop;audio.pitch = speed;audio.Play();}else{AudioSource audio = AttachAudioSource(attachTarget, WorldPriority, WorldVolume, 1, 1);_worldAudios.Add(attachTarget, audio);audio.clip = clip;audio.loop = isLoop;audio.pitch = speed;audio.Play();}}/// <summary>/// 暂停播放指定的世界音效/// </summary>/// <param name="attachTarget">附加目标</param>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void PauseWorldSound(GameObject attachTarget, bool isGradual = true){if (_worldAudios.ContainsKey(attachTarget)){AudioSource audio = _worldAudios[attachTarget];if (isGradual){audio.DOFade(0, 2).OnComplete(() =>{audio.volume = WorldVolume;audio.Pause();});}else{audio.Pause();}}}/// <summary>/// 恢复播放指定的世界音效/// </summary>/// <param name="attachTarget">附加目标</param>/// <param name="isGradual">是否渐进式</param>public void UnPauseWorldSound(GameObject attachTarget, bool isGradual = true){if (_worldAudios.ContainsKey(attachTarget)){AudioSource audio = _worldAudios[attachTarget];if (isGradual){audio.UnPause();audio.volume = 0;audio.DOFade(WorldVolume, 2);}else{audio.UnPause();}}}/// <summary>/// 停止播放所有的世界音效/// </summary>public void StopAllWorldSound(){foreach (var audio in _worldAudios){if (audio.Value.isPlaying){audio.Value.Stop();}}}/// <summary>/// 销毁所有闲置中的世界音效的音源/// </summary>public void ClearIdleWorldAudioSource(){HashSet<GameObject> removeSet = new HashSet<GameObject>();foreach (var audio in _worldAudios){if (!audio.Value.isPlaying){removeSet.Add(audio.Key);Destroy(audio.Value);}}foreach (var item in removeSet){_worldAudios.Remove(item);}}//创建一个音源private AudioSource CreateAudioSource(string name, int priority, float volume, float speed, float spatialBlend){GameObject audioObj = new GameObject(name);audioObj.transform.SetParent(transform);audioObj.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;audioObj.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.identity;audioObj.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;AudioSource audio = audioObj.AddComponent<AudioSource>();audio.playOnAwake = false;audio.priority = priority;audio.volume = volume;audio.pitch = speed;audio.spatialBlend = spatialBlend;audio.mute = _isMute;return audio;}//附加一个音源private AudioSource AttachAudioSource(GameObject target, int priority, float volume, float speed, float spatialBlend){AudioSource audio = target.AddComponent<AudioSource>();audio.playOnAwake = false;audio.priority = priority;audio.volume = volume;audio.pitch = speed;audio.spatialBlend = spatialBlend;audio.mute = _isMute;return audio;}//提取闲置中的多通道音源private AudioSource ExtractIdleMultipleAudioSource(){for (int i = 0; i < _multipleAudios.Count; i++){if (!_multipleAudios[i].isPlaying){return _multipleAudios[i];}}AudioSource audio = CreateAudioSource("MultipleAudio", MultiplePriority, MultipleVolume, 1, 0);_multipleAudios.Add(audio);return audio;}
}

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