《卸甲笔记》-基础语法对比
2024-05-27 19:56:50
以Oracle中sottt用户下的数据为例，PPAS 中scott用户下面的数据由Oracle迁移而来
1 查询emp表中的数据
Oracle
[root@test03 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@test03 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Jun 16 22:05:19 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> conn scott/scott
Connected.
SQL> select * from emp;EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80800 207499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-811600 300 307521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-811250 500 30EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-812975 207654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-811250 1400 307698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-812850 30EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-812450 107788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-873000 207839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-815000 10EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-811500 0 307876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-871100 207900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81950 30EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE
---------- -------------------- ------------------ ---------- ------------SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-813000 207934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-821300 1014 rows selected.PPAS
[root@test06 ~]# su – enterprisedb
-bash-4.1$ psql -U scott -d scott
Password for user scott:
psql.bin (9.3.1.3)
Type "help" for help.
scott=# select * from emp;empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno
-------+--------+-----------+------+--------------------+---------+---------+--------7369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 17-DEC-80 00:00:00 | 800.00 | | 207499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 20-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 307521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 22-FEB-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 307566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 02-APR-81 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | | 207654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 28-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 307698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 01-MAY-81 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | | 307782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 09-JUN-81 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | | 107788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 19-APR-87 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 207839 | KING | PRESIDENT | | 17-NOV-81 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | | 107844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 08-SEP-81 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 307876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 23-MAY-87 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | | 207900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 950.00 | | 307902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 03-DEC-81 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | | 207934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 23-JAN-82 00:00:00 | 1300.00 | | 10
(14 rows)2查询出公司的雇员雇佣情况，所以希望通过数据库可以查找到每个雇员的编号，姓名，基本工资3个信息进行浏览
Oracle
SQL> select empno,ename,job from emp;EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------7369 SMITH CLERK7499 ALLEN SALESMAN7521 WARD SALESMAN7566 JONES MANAGER7654 MARTIN SALESMAN7698 BLAKE MANAGER7782 CLARK MANAGER7788 SCOTT ANALYST7839 KING PRESIDENT7844 TURNER SALESMAN7876 ADAMS CLERKEMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------7900 JAMES CLERK7902 FORD ANALYST7934 MILLER CLERK14 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno,ename,job from emp;empno | ename | job
-------+--------+-----------7369 | SMITH | CLERK7499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN7521 | WARD | SALESMAN7566 | JONES | MANAGER7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN7698 | BLAKE | MANAGER7782 | CLARK | MANAGER7788 | SCOTT | ANALYST7839 | KING | PRESIDENT7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN7876 | ADAMS | CLERK7900 | JAMES | CLERK7902 | FORD | ANALYST7934 | MILLER | CLERK
(14 rows)3查询公司中国所有雇员的职位信息
Oracle
SQL> select job from emp;JOB
---------
CLERK
SALESMAN
SALESMAN
MANAGER
SALESMAN
MANAGER
MANAGER
ANALYST
PRESIDENT
SALESMAN
CLERKJOB
---------
CLERK
ANALYST
CLERK14 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select job from emp;job
-----------CLERKSALESMANSALESMANMANAGERSALESMANMANAGERMANAGERANALYSTPRESIDENTSALESMANCLERKCLERKANALYSTCLERK
(14 rows)4 显示的职位包含 了太多的重复内容，使用distinct关键字去掉全部的重复内容
Oracle
SQL> select distinct job from emp;JOB
---------
CLERK
SALESMAN
PRESIDENT
MANAGER
ANALYSTPPAS
scott=# select distinct job from emp;job
-----------SALESMANCLERKMANAGERPRESIDENTANALYST
(5 rows)5 查询雇员编号、职位
Oracle
SQL> select distinct empno,job from emp;EMPNO JOB
---------- ---------7369 CLERK7499 SALESMAN7521 SALESMAN7566 MANAGER7654 SALESMAN7698 MANAGER7782 MANAGER7788 ANALYST7839 PRESIDENT7844 SALESMAN7876 CLERKEMPNO JOB
---------- ---------7900 CLERK7902 ANALYST7934 CLERK14 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select distinct empno,job from emp;empno | job
-------+-----------7844 | SALESMAN7934 | CLERK7839 | PRESIDENT7876 | CLERK7788 | ANALYST7698 | MANAGER7521 | SALESMAN7369 | CLERK7900 | CLERK7499 | SALESMAN7782 | MANAGER7654 | SALESMAN7902 | ANALYST7566 | MANAGER
(14 rows)6通过数据库查询出所有雇员的编号，雇员姓名和年基本工资，日常基本工资，以作为年终奖金的发放标准
Oracle
SQL> select empno,ename,sal*12,sal/30 from emp;EMPNO ENAME SAL*12 SAL/30
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------7369 SMITH 9600 26.66666677499 ALLEN 19200 53.33333337521 WARD 15000 41.66666677566 JONES 35700 99.16666677654 MARTIN 15000 41.66666677698 BLAKE 34200 957782 CLARK 29400 81.66666677788 SCOTT 36000 1007839 KING 60000 166.6666677844 TURNER 18000 507876 ADAMS 13200 36.6666667EMPNO ENAME SAL*12 SAL/30
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------7900 JAMES 11400 31.66666677902 FORD 36000 1007934 MILLER 15600 43.333333314 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno,ename,sal*12,sal/30 from emp;empno | ename | ?column? | ?column?
-------+--------+----------+----------------------7369 | SMITH | 9600.00 | 26.66666666666666677499 | ALLEN | 19200.00 | 53.33333333333333337521 | WARD | 15000.00 | 41.66666666666666677566 | JONES | 35700.00 | 99.16666666666666677654 | MARTIN | 15000.00 | 41.66666666666666677698 | BLAKE | 34200.00 | 95.00000000000000007782 | CLARK | 29400.00 | 81.66666666666666677788 | SCOTT | 36000.00 | 100.00000000000000007839 | KING | 60000.00 | 166.66666666666666677844 | TURNER | 18000.00 | 50.00000000000000007876 | ADAMS | 13200.00 | 36.66666666666666677900 | JAMES | 11400.00 | 31.66666666666666677902 | FORD | 36000.00 | 100.00000000000000007934 | MILLER | 15600.00 | 43.3333333333333333
(14 rows)7 公司每个雇员在年底的时候可以领取5000元的年终奖，查询雇员的编号、姓名和增长后的年基本工资（不包括佣金）
Oracle
SQL> select empno,ename,sal*12+5000 from emp;EMPNO ENAME SAL*12+5000
---------- ---------- -----------7369 SMITH 146007499 ALLEN 242007521 WARD 200007566 JONES 407007654 MARTIN 200007698 BLAKE 392007782 CLARK 344007788 SCOTT 410007839 KING 650007844 TURNER 230007876 ADAMS 18200EMPNO ENAME SAL*12+5000
---------- ---------- -----------7900 JAMES 164007902 FORD 410007934 MILLER 2060014 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno,ename,sal*12+5000 from emp;empno | ename | ?column?
-------+--------+----------7369 | SMITH | 14600.007499 | ALLEN | 24200.007521 | WARD | 20000.007566 | JONES | 40700.007654 | MARTIN | 20000.007698 | BLAKE | 39200.007782 | CLARK | 34400.007788 | SCOTT | 41000.007839 | KING | 65000.007844 | TURNER | 23000.007876 | ADAMS | 18200.007900 | JAMES | 16400.007902 | FORD | 41000.007934 | MILLER | 20600.00
(14 rows)8公司每个月为雇员增加200元的补助金，此时，要求可以查询出每个雇员的编号，姓名，基本年工资
Oracle
SQL> select empno,ename,(sal+200)*12+5000 from emp;EMPNO ENAME (SAL+200)*12+5000
---------- ---------- -----------------7369 SMITH 170007499 ALLEN 266007521 WARD 224007566 JONES 431007654 MARTIN 224007698 BLAKE 416007782 CLARK 368007788 SCOTT 434007839 KING 674007844 TURNER 254007876 ADAMS 20600EMPNO ENAME (SAL+200)*12+5000
---------- ---------- -----------------7900 JAMES 188007902 FORD 434007934 MILLER 2300014 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno,ename,(sal+200)*12+5000 from emp;empno | ename | ?column?
-------+--------+----------7369 | SMITH | 17000.007499 | ALLEN | 26600.007521 | WARD | 22400.007566 | JONES | 43100.007654 | MARTIN | 22400.007698 | BLAKE | 41600.007782 | CLARK | 36800.007788 | SCOTT | 43400.007839 | KING | 67400.007844 | TURNER | 25400.007876 | ADAMS | 20600.007900 | JAMES | 18800.007902 | FORD | 43400.007934 | MILLER | 23000.00
(14 rows)9为查询结果设置别名
Oralce
SQL> select empno 雇员编号,ename 雇员姓名,(sal+200)*12+5000 as 年薪 from emp;雇员编号雇员姓名 年薪
---------- ---------- ----------7369 SMITH 170007499 ALLEN 266007521 WARD 224007566 JONES 431007654 MARTIN 224007698 BLAKE 416007782 CLARK 368007788 SCOTT 434007839 KING 674007844 TURNER 254007876 ADAMS 20600雇员编号雇员姓名 年薪
---------- ---------- ----------7900 JAMES 188007902 FORD 434007934 MILLER 2300014 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno 雇员编号,ename 雇员姓名,(sal+200)*12+5000 as 年薪 from emp;雇员编号 | 雇员姓名 | 年薪
----------+----------+----------7369 | SMITH | 17000.007499 | ALLEN | 26600.007521 | WARD | 22400.007566 | JONES | 43100.007654 | MARTIN | 22400.007698 | BLAKE | 41600.007782 | CLARK | 36800.007788 | SCOTT | 43400.007839 | KING | 67400.007844 | TURNER | 25400.007876 | ADAMS | 20600.007900 | JAMES | 18800.007902 | FORD | 43400.007934 | MILLER | 23000.00
(14 rows)10在select子句中使用常量，为以上的查询增加一个货币的描述
Oracle
SQL> select empno as 雇员编号,ename as 雇员姓名,(sal+200)*12+5000 as 年薪,'￥' as 货币 from emp; 雇员编号 雇员姓名 年薪 货币
---------- -------------------- ---------- ------7369 SMITH 17000 ￥7499 ALLEN 26600 ￥7521 WARD 22400 ￥7566 JONES 43100 ￥7654 MARTIN 22400 ￥7698 BLAKE 41600 ￥7782 CLARK 36800 ￥7788 SCOTT 43400 ￥7839 KING 67400 ￥7844 TURNER 25400 ￥7876 ADAMS 20600 ￥雇员编号 雇员姓名 年薪 货币
---------- -------------------- ---------- ------7900 JAMES 18800 ￥7902 FORD 43400 ￥7934 MILLER 23000 ￥14 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select empno as 雇员编号,ename as 雇员姓名,(sal+200)*12+5000 as 年薪,'￥' as 货币 from emp; 雇员编号 | 雇员姓名 | 年薪 | 货币
----------+----------+----------+------7369 | SMITH | 17000.00 | ￥7499 | ALLEN | 26600.00 | ￥7521 | WARD | 22400.00 | ￥7566 | JONES | 43100.00 | ￥7654 | MARTIN | 22400.00 | ￥7698 | BLAKE | 41600.00 | ￥7782 | CLARK | 36800.00 | ￥7788 | SCOTT | 43400.00 | ￥7839 | KING | 67400.00 | ￥7844 | TURNER | 25400.00 | ￥7876 | ADAMS | 20600.00 | ￥7900 | JAMES | 18800.00 | ￥7902 | FORD | 43400.00 | ￥7934 | MILLER | 23000.00 | ￥
(14 rows)11使用“||”进行连接显示
Oracle
SQL> select '编号是:'||empno||'的雇员姓名是:'||ename||',基本工资是:'||sal 雇员信息 from emp;雇员信息
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
编号是:7369的雇员姓名是:SMITH,基本工资是:800
编号是:7499的雇员姓名是:ALLEN,基本工资是:1600
编号是:7521的雇员姓名是:WARD,基本工资是:1250
编号是:7566的雇员姓名是:JONES,基本工资是:2975
编号是:7654的雇员姓名是:MARTIN,基本工资是:1250
编号是:7698的雇员姓名是:BLAKE,基本工资是:2850
编号是:7782的雇员姓名是:CLARK,基本工资是:2450
编号是:7788的雇员姓名是:SCOTT,基本工资是:3000
编号是:7839的雇员姓名是:KING,基本工资是:5000
编号是:7844的雇员姓名是:TURNER,基本工资是:1500
编号是:7876的雇员姓名是:ADAMS,基本工资是:1100雇员信息
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
编号是:7900的雇员姓名是:JAMES,基本工资是:950
编号是:7902的雇员姓名是:FORD,基本工资是:3000
编号是:7934的雇员姓名是:MILLER,基本工资是:130014 rows selected.PPAS
scott=# select '编号是:'||empno||'的雇员姓名是:'||ename||',基本工资是:'||sal 雇员信息 from emp;雇员信息
---------------------------------------------------编号是:7369的雇员姓名是:SMITH,基本工资是:800.00编号是:7499的雇员姓名是:ALLEN,基本工资是:1600.00编号是:7521的雇员姓名是:WARD,基本工资是:1250.00编号是:7566的雇员姓名是:JONES,基本工资是:2975.00编号是:7654的雇员姓名是:MARTIN,基本工资是:1250.00编号是:7698的雇员姓名是:BLAKE,基本工资是:2850.00编号是:7782的雇员姓名是:CLARK,基本工资是:2450.00编号是:7788的雇员姓名是:SCOTT,基本工资是:3000.00编号是:7839的雇员姓名是:KING,基本工资是:5000.00编号是:7844的雇员姓名是:TURNER,基本工资是:1500.00编号是:7876的雇员姓名是:ADAMS,基本工资是:1100.00编号是:7900的雇员姓名是:JAMES,基本工资是:950.00编号是:7902的雇员姓名是:FORD,基本工资是:3000.00编号是:7934的雇员姓名是:MILLER,基本工资是:1300.00
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