vertexAttribPointer

语法
void gl.vertexAttribPointer(index, size, type, normalized, stride, offset);


index	指定要修改的顶点属性的索引
size	指定每个顶点属性的组成数量，必须是1，2，3或4。
type	指定数组中每个元素的数据类型
normalized	当转换为浮点数时是否应该将整数数值归一化到特定的范围
stride	一个GLsizei，以字节为单位指定连续顶点属性开始之间的偏移量(即数组中一行长度)。不能大于255。如果stride为0，则假定该属性是紧密打包的，即不交错属性，每个属性在一个单独的块中，下一个顶点的属性紧跟当前顶点之后。注意一个字节是8位，如Int16就是一个元素占两个字节，`一般一个vbo只传一种类型如position，所以一般都是0`
offset	GLintptr (en-US)指定顶点属性数组中第一部分的字节偏移量。必须是类型的字节长度的倍数 `一般一个vbo只传一种类型如position，所以一般都是0`

enableVertexAttribArray

执行gl.enableVertexArray(location)后，顶点着色器才能访问到缓冲区的数据，函数实际上处理的对象是缓冲区。

使用VBO方式

VBO创建

     var position_buffer_mesh1 = null;var color_buffer_mesh1 = null;var index_buffer_mesh1 = null;function setupBuffer1() {//  1.复制索引数组到一个顶点缓冲（VAO）中，等待使用var position = [-50, -30, 0,-5, -30, 0,-5, 30, 0,-50, 30, 0];position_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,1, 0, 0];color_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 2.复制索引数组到一个索引缓冲（EBO）中，等待使用var index = [0, 1, 2,0, 2, 3];index_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 3.开启顶点属性let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);}

VBO使用

     function animate() {requestAnimationFrame(animate);// update uniformupdateModelViewMatrix();setAllUniforms();// 这个案例只使用了一个materiallet aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw first onegl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);draw(6);// draw second onegl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh2);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh2);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh2);draw(3);}

使用VAO

VAO的创建与绑定，可以看到就是在上面VBO创建的基础上外面包了一层，mapbox中也是以这种顺序使用的

     var position_buffer_mesh1 = null;var color_buffer_mesh1 = null;var index_buffer_mesh1 = null;var vao1 = null;function setupBuffer1() {// 1.创建VBO，并bind顶点属性数据var position = [-50, -30, 0,-5, -30, 0,-5, 30, 0,-50, 30, 0];var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,1, 0, 0];position_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);color_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 2.复创建EBOvar index = [0, 1, 2,0, 2, 3];index_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 3.创建和绑定VAO对象vao1 = ext.createVertexArrayOES();ext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao1);let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);ext.bindVertexArrayOES(null);}

VAO使用,可以看下面就是绘制前使用了一个ext.bindVertexArrayOES

     function animate() {requestAnimationFrame(animate);// update uniformupdateModelViewMatrix();setAllUniforms();gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw first oneext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao1);draw(6);// // draw second oneext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao2);draw(6);}

只使用VBO渲染案例（参考可以看下）

<!doctype html>
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>Basic Draw Rectangle</title><script id="shader-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex">// precision lowp float;
attribute vec3 position;
attribute vec3 color;
uniform mat4 uMVMatrix;
uniform mat4 uPMatrix;
varying vec4 vcolor;
void main(void){vcolor = vec4(color,1.0);gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);
}
</script><script id="shader-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment">precision lowp float;varying vec4 vcolor;
void main(void) {gl_FragColor = vcolor;
}
</script>
</head><body><canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400"></canvas><script type="text/javascript" src="../library/gl-matrix.js"></script><script>var gl;var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');var pMatrix = mat4.create();var mvMatrix = mat4.create();var glProgram = null;var ext = null;function getGLContext() {var glContextNames = ['webgl', 'experimental-webgl'];for (var i = 0; i < glContextNames.length; i++) {try {gl = canvas.getContext(glContextNames[i]);} catch (e) { }if (gl) {gl.clearColor(74 / 255, 115 / 255, 94 / 255, 1.0);gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);// ext = gl.getExtension("OES_vertex_array_object");break;}}}function initShaders() {//get shader sourcevar vs_source = document.getElementById('shader-vs').innerHTML,fs_source = document.getElementById('shader-fs').innerHTML;//compile shadersvertexShader = makeShader(vs_source, gl.VERTEX_SHADER);fragmentShader = makeShader(fs_source, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);//create programglProgram = gl.createProgram();//attach and link shaders to the programgl.attachShader(glProgram, vertexShader);gl.attachShader(glProgram, fragmentShader);gl.linkProgram(glProgram);if (!gl.getProgramParameter(glProgram, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {console.error("Unable to initialize the shader program.");}//use programgl.useProgram(glProgram);}function makeShader(src, type) {//compile the vertex shadervar shader = gl.createShader(type);gl.shaderSource(shader, src);gl.compileShader(shader);if (!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {console.error("Error compiling shader: " + gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));}return shader;}function toRadian(angle) {return angle * Math.PI / 180;}function getAllUniforms() {glProgram.pMatrixUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, 'uPMatrix');glProgram.mvMatrixUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, 'uMVMatrix');}function setAllUniforms() {gl.uniformMatrix4fv(glProgram.pMatrixUniform, false, pMatrix);gl.uniformMatrix4fv(glProgram.mvMatrixUniform, false, mvMatrix);}function updateProjectionMatrix() {var near = 10;var far = 400;var widthHeightRatio = canvas.width / canvas.height;var fovy = 40;// mat4.ortho(pMatrix, -canvas.width / 2, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2, -canvas.height / 2, near, far);mat4.perspective(pMatrix, toRadian(fovy), widthHeightRatio, near, far);}var rotate = 0;function updateModelViewMatrix() {mat4.identity(mvMatrix, mvMatrix);mat4.translate(mvMatrix, mvMatrix, [0, 0, -200]);mat4.rotate(mvMatrix, mvMatrix, toRadian(rotate++), [0, 1, 0]);}var position_buffer_mesh1 = null;var color_buffer_mesh1 = null;var index_buffer_mesh1 = null;function setupBuffer1() {//  1.复制索引数组到一个顶点缓冲（VAO）中，等待使用var position = [-50, -30, 0,-5, -30, 0,-5, 30, 0,-50, 30, 0];position_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,1, 0, 0];color_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 2.复制索引数组到一个索引缓冲（EBO）中，等待使用var index = [0, 1, 2,0, 2, 3];index_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 3.开启顶点属性let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);}var position_buffer_mesh2 = null;var color_buffer_mesh2 = null;var index_buffer_mesh2 = null;function setupBuffer2() {var position = [5, -30, 0,50, -30, 0,50, 30, 0];position_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,];color_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);var index = [0, 1, 2];index_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');//按理来说这里同一个programgl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);}function draw(n) {gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, n, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);}function animate() {requestAnimationFrame(animate);// update uniformupdateModelViewMatrix();setAllUniforms();// 这个案例只使用了一个materiallet aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw first onegl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);draw(6);// draw second onegl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh2);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh2);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh2);draw(3);}window.onload = function () {getGLContext();initShaders();getAllUniforms();updateProjectionMatrix();setupBuffer1();setupBuffer2();animate();}</script>
</body></html>

使用VAO渲染案例（参考可以看下）

<!doctype html>
<html><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>Basic Draw Rectangle</title><script id="shader-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex">// precision lowp float;attribute vec3 position;attribute vec3 color;uniform mat4 uMVMatrix;uniform mat4 uPMatrix;varying vec4 vcolor;void main(void){vcolor = vec4(color,1.0);gl_Position = uPMatrix * uMVMatrix * vec4(position, 1.0);}</script><script id="shader-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment">precision lowp float;varying vec4 vcolor;void main(void) {gl_FragColor = vcolor;}</script>
</head><body><canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400"></canvas><script type="text/javascript" src="../library/gl-matrix.js"></script><script>var gl;var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');var pMatrix = mat4.create();var mvMatrix = mat4.create();var glProgram = null;var ext = null;function getGLContext() {var glContextNames = ['webgl', 'experimental-webgl'];for (var i = 0; i < glContextNames.length; i++) {try {gl = canvas.getContext(glContextNames[i]);} catch (e) { }if (gl) {gl.clearColor(74 / 255, 115 / 255, 94 / 255, 1.0);gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);gl.viewport(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);ext = gl.getExtension("OES_vertex_array_object");break;}}}function initShaders() {//get shader sourcevar vs_source = document.getElementById('shader-vs').innerHTML,fs_source = document.getElementById('shader-fs').innerHTML;//compile shadersvertexShader = makeShader(vs_source, gl.VERTEX_SHADER);fragmentShader = makeShader(fs_source, gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);//create programglProgram = gl.createProgram();//attach and link shaders to the programgl.attachShader(glProgram, vertexShader);gl.attachShader(glProgram, fragmentShader);gl.linkProgram(glProgram);if (!gl.getProgramParameter(glProgram, gl.LINK_STATUS)) {alert("Unable to initialize the shader program.");}//use programgl.useProgram(glProgram);}function makeShader(src, type) {//compile the vertex shadervar shader = gl.createShader(type);gl.shaderSource(shader, src);gl.compileShader(shader);if (!gl.getShaderParameter(shader, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) {console.error("Error compiling shader: " + gl.getShaderInfoLog(shader));}return shader;}function toRadian(angle) {return angle * Math.PI / 180;}function getAllUniforms() {glProgram.pMatrixUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, 'uPMatrix');glProgram.mvMatrixUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, 'uMVMatrix');}function setAllUniforms() {gl.uniformMatrix4fv(glProgram.pMatrixUniform, false, pMatrix);gl.uniformMatrix4fv(glProgram.mvMatrixUniform, false, mvMatrix);}function updateProjectionMatrix() {var near = 10;var far = 400;var widthHeightRatio = canvas.width / canvas.height;var fovy = 40;// mat4.ortho(pMatrix, -canvas.width / 2, canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2, -canvas.height / 2, near, far);mat4.perspective(pMatrix, toRadian(fovy), widthHeightRatio, near, far);}var rotate = 0;function updateModelViewMatrix() {mat4.identity(mvMatrix, mvMatrix);mat4.translate(mvMatrix, mvMatrix, [0, 0, -200]);mat4.rotate(mvMatrix, mvMatrix, toRadian(rotate++), [0, 1, 0]);}var position_buffer_mesh1 = null;var color_buffer_mesh1 = null;var index_buffer_mesh1 = null;var vao1 = null;function setupBuffer1() {// 1.创建VBO，并bind顶点属性数据var position = [-50, -30, 0,-5, -30, 0,-5, 30, 0,-50, 30, 0];var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,1, 0, 0];position_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);color_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 2.复创建EBOvar index = [0, 1, 2,0, 2, 3];index_buffer_mesh1 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);// 3.创建和绑定VAO对象vao1 = ext.createVertexArrayOES();ext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao1);let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh1);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh1);ext.bindVertexArrayOES(null);}var position_buffer_mesh2 = null;var color_buffer_mesh2 = null;var index_buffer_mesh2 = null;var vao2 = null;function setupBuffer2() {vao2 = ext.createVertexArrayOES();ext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao2);var position = [5, -30, 0,50, -30, 0,50, 30, 0,5, 30, 0];position_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(position), gl.STATIC_DRAW);let aVertexPosition = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'position');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexPosition);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexPosition, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);var color = [1, 0, 0,0, 1, 0,0, 0, 1,1, 0, 0];color_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array(color), gl.STATIC_DRAW);let aVertexColor = gl.getAttribLocation(glProgram, 'color');gl.enableVertexAttribArray(aVertexColor);gl.vertexAttribPointer(aVertexColor, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);var index = [0, 1, 2,0, 2, 3];index_buffer_mesh2 = gl.createBuffer();gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, index_buffer_mesh2);gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, new Uint16Array(index), gl.STATIC_DRAW);ext.bindVertexArrayOES(null);}function draw(n) {gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, n, gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);}function animate() {requestAnimationFrame(animate);// update uniformupdateModelViewMatrix();setAllUniforms();gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);// draw first oneext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao1);draw(6);// // draw second oneext.bindVertexArrayOES(vao2);draw(6);}window.onload = function () {getGLContext();initShaders();getAllUniforms();updateProjectionMatrix();setupBuffer1();setupBuffer2();animate();}</script>
</body></html>

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