整理：使用 Visual Studio Code (vscode) 编写、运行、 调试 Java 应用程序
作为一个喜欢折腾的人，最近抽空折腾一下VScode怎么写java程序。不断更新中。。
附一个原来写的C++的：这两个链接，第二个稍微简单一些
1）Visual Studio Code配置C、C++环境/编写运行C、C++（Windows）
2）Visual Studio Code (vscode) 配置C、C++环境/编写运行C、C++（Windows）【真正的小白版】
此文对于已经配置好java开发环境的读者，如何配置java开发环境见下面几篇文章：（随便一篇就可以啦）
JAVA开发环境的搭建（配置JAVA开发环境）
Java 开发环境配置
JAVA开发环境的搭建（配置JAVA开发环境）以及使用eclipse从头一步步创建java项目
当已经配置好了java后，可以进行下面的操作了：
更新：因为文章是很长实践之前写的，简单来说，安装这个拓展：Java Extension Pack，里面包含这些东西很全
建议直接看英文官方文档（我粘贴在下面了），写的很全，官方逼死同人系列
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这里先放一篇文章（这篇文章有些旧了似乎）和一篇官方文档
对于使用 Visual Studio Code 的 Java 开发者来说，Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat扩展提供了非常好的语言特性支持，比如智能感知和项目支持等。然而，我们也听到一些用户反馈需要调试 Java 程序。今天，我们万分激动地宣布，我们与 Red Hat 合作开发了能让开发者调试 Java 应用程序的轻量级扩展：Java Debugger for Visual Studio Code，它基于Java Debug Server。
为了让 Java 开发者能尽快开始使用VS Code，我们也创建了一个Java 扩展包，它包含了Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat和Java Debugger for Visual Studio Code这两个扩展，这样你不需要单独去搜索安装这些扩展。这是刚刚开始创建的一个现代 Java 工作流程，将来我们会往Java 扩展包中添加更多特性和扩展。
开始
从以下步骤开始：
在 Visual Studio Code 中打开扩展视图(Ctrl+Shift+X)。
输入“java”以过滤扩展列表。
找到并安装Java Extension Pack (Java 扩展包)，如果你已经安装了Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat，也可以单独找到并安装Java Debugger for Visual Studio Code扩展。
你也可以直接从本文中安装Java 扩展包：
安装 Java 扩展包 （安装了 VSCode 的情况下，点击上面的链接即可调用 VSCode 进行安装）
重启VSCode，打开包含 Java 项目的代码，然后按下面的步骤进行：
准备项目。打开一个 .java 文件，Java 扩展会激活。Maven、Gradle 和 Eclipse 项目都能得到支持。这个扩展会自动构建项目，不需要手工触发构建。
开始调试。切换到调试视图(Ctrl+Shift+D)，打开 launch.json 并添加 Java 调试配置。
在 mainClass 中填入要启动的类，或者在hostName 中填入要附加的主机名以及在 port 中填入端口。
设置断点并按 F5 开始调试。
支持的特性
在这个版本中，我们支持以下特性：
启动/附加- 你可以在 VS Code 中启动一个 Java 项目，也可以附加到一个在本地或远程端以调试模式运行的 JVM 进程。
断点- 支持表达式条件或命中条件断点，可以在内置的断点设置容器中轻松进行设置。因此你可以直接在源代码视图中插入断点，不需要弹出容器，非常方便。按异常中断也得到了支持。
控制流- 包括暂停、继续F5、单步F0、步进F11、步出(跳出)Shift+F11。
数据审查- 当程序停止在断点上的时候，调试器可以访问当前内存中的变量名和值。支持查看/监视/设置变量值。
诊断-调用栈面板会显示程序的调用栈，你在这个面板中可以在捕获的调用路径中随意跳转。多线程调试也通过并行栈得到支持。
调试控制台- 可以从调试控制台看到标准输出和错误输出信息。
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官方文档：
Java in Visual Studio Code
The Java support in Visual Studio Code is provided through extensions and optimized for lightweight Java projects with a simple, modern workflow. Popular extensions in the Marketplace provide essential language features such as project support, code completion, linting, debugging, testing, code formatting, snippets, as well as tooling integration including Maven and Tomcat.
Install Java Extensions
VS Code is a fast editor and ships with great editing features. Add Java language support to VS Code by installing the popular Java extensions. To help set up Java on VS Code, there is a Java Extension Pack which contains popular extensions we picked for most Java developers:
- Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat
- Debugger for Java
- Java Test Runner
- Maven for Java
Install the Java Extension Pack
There are also other popular Java extensions you can pick for your own needs, including:
- Spring Boot Support
- Spring Initializr Java Support
- Tomcat
- CheckStyle
Thanks to the great Java community around VS Code, the list doesn’t end there. You can search for more Java extensions easily within VS Code:
- Go to the Extensions view (Ctrl+Shift+X).
- Filter the extensions list by typing “java”.
This document describes some of the key features included in those Java extensions.
Java Project Support
Maven, Eclipse and Gradle Java project are supported through Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat, by utilizing M2Eclipse which provides Maven support and Buildship which provides Gradle support through the Eclipse JDT Language Server.
With Maven for Java, you can generate projects from Maven Archetype, browse through all the Maven projects within your workspace, and execute Maven goals easily from an embedded explorer.
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Editing and Navigating Code
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Linting
A linter is a tool that provides warnings for suspicious looking code. Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat provides this feature to report parsing and compilation errors as you type, so you can fix them inside VS Code.
IntelliSense
VS Code also supports code completion and IntelliSense for Java through Language Support for Java™ by Red Hat. IntelliSense is a general term for a number of features, including intelligent code completion (in-context method and variable suggestions) across all your files and for built-in and third-party modules.
Search for symbols
You can search for symbols in the current file or workspace to navigate your code more quickly.
To search for a symbol in the current file, use Quick Open (Ctrl+P) then enter the ‘@’ command, then enter the name of the symbol you’re looking for. A list of potential matches will appear and be filtered as you type. Choose from the list of matches to navigate to its location.
To search for a symbol in the current workspace, start by pressing Ctrl+T, then enter the name of the symbol. A list of potential matches will appear as before. If you choose a match that was found in a file that’s not already open, the file will be opened before navigating to the match’s location. Alternatively, you can also use Quick Open (Ctrl+P) then enter the ‘#’ command to search the current workspace. Ctrl+T is just the shortcut for the ‘#’ commands, respectively, so everything works the same.
Peek Definition
You can take a quick look at how a symbol was defined by using the Peek Definition feature. This feature displays a few lines of code near the definition inside a peek window so you can take a look without navigating away from your current location.
To peek at a symbol’s definition, place your cursor on the symbol anywhere it’s used in your source code and then press Alt+F12. Alternatively, you can choose Peek Definition from the context menu (right-click, then choose Peek Definition).
Go to Definition
You can also quickly navigate to where a symbol is defined by using the Go to Definition feature.
To go to a symbol’s definition, place your cursor on the symbol anywhere it is used in your source code and then press F12. Alternatively, you can choose Go to Definition from the context menu (right-click, then choose Go to Definition). When there’s only one definition of the symbol, you’ll navigate directly to its location, otherwise the competing definitions are displayed in a peek window as described in the previous section and you have to choose the definition that you want to go to.
Other code editing features include:
- Code formatting
- Code snippets
- Code outline
- CodeLens (references)
- Javadoc hovers
- Rename
- Highlights
Debugging
Debugger for Java is a lightweight Java Debugger based on Java Debug Server. It works with Language Support for Java by Red Hat to allow users debugging Java code using Visual Studio Code (VS Code).
The Java Debugger supports following features:
- Launch/Attach - You can either launch the Java project within VS Code or attach to any running JVM process in debug mode, locally or remotely.
- Breakpoints - Conditional breakpoints by Hit Count and expression evaluation are supported and can easily be set using the inline breakpoint settings window. This allows you to conveniently add conditional breakpoints to your code, directly in the source viewer, without requiring a modal window. Break on exceptions is also supported.
- Control flow - Including Pause, Continue
F5, Step overF10, Step intoF11, Step outShift+F11 - Data inspection - When you’re stopped at a breakpoint, the debugger has access to the variable names and values that are currently stored in memory. Inspect/Watch/Set Variables are supported.
- Diagnostics - The CALL STACK panel shows the call stack of your program and allows you to navigate through the call path of each captured allocation. Multi-threaded debugging is supported by parallel stacks.
- Debug Console - The Debug Console lets you see information from both stdout and stderr.
- Hot Code Replacement - A very useful feature to facilitate experimental development and iterative trial-and-error coding.
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The debugger is able to detect your launch class in most cases, all you need to do is start debugging by pressing F5. If you’d like to define the debugging configuration yourself, just follow the steps below:
- Switch to the Debug view (Ctrl+Shift+D).
- Open
launch.jsonto add a debug configuration for Java. - Fill in the
mainClassforLaunchsetting orhostNameandportforAttach. - Click Start button or press
F5to start debugging.
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For more debugging related information, please visit Java Debugging.
Testing
With the support from the Java Test Runner extension, you can easily run, debug and manage your Java test cases.
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Your test cases are identified automatically.
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Currently the Test Runner supports JUnit4. We’re working on JUnit5 and TestNG and will be supporting them soon.
Spring Boot and Tomcat
To further improve your Java productivity in VS Code, there are extensions for most popular frameworks and tools such as Spring Boot and Tomcat created by the community.
The Tomcat extension includes an explorer to easily navigate and manage your Tomcat servers. You can create, start, debug, stop and rename your Tomcat server all with the extension.
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See Java Tutorial with VS Code to learn more about Tomcat and basic Java support with VS Code.
Spring Boot support is provided by an extension from Pivotal, who also provide extensions for popular platforms such as Cloudfoundry, Concourse and BOSH. There’s also a Spring Initializr Java Support extension so you can create a Spring Boot app from scratch.
See Spring Boot with VS Code to learn more about Spring Boot support with VS Code.
.
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