nanomsg项目实战

文章目录

nanomsg下载
编译
使用方式
基本概念
Pipeline
Request/Reply
Pair
Pub/Sub
Survey
Bus
项目中使用
- 发布服务
- 订阅服务
- makefile

nanomsg下载

下载地址：https://github.com/nanomsg/nanomsg/releases

编译

unzip nanomsg-1.1.5.zip
cd nanomsg-1.1.5/
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build .
ctest .
sudo cmake --build . --target install
sudo ldconfig

使用方式

Pipeline (A One-Way Pipe)管道（单向管道）
Request/Reply (I ask, you answer)请求/回复（我问，你答）
Pair (Two Way Radio)配对（双向无线电）
Pub/Sub (Topics & Broadcast)发布/订阅（主题和广播）
Survey (Everybody Votes)调查（所有人投票）
Bus (Routing) 总线（路由）

使用方式示例：https://nanomsg.org/gettingstarted/pipeline.html

接口文档：https://nanomsg.org/v1.0.0/nanomsg.7.html

基本概念

关于url

描述：由以下两部分组成:transport://address

- 传输指定要使用的底层传输协议

- 地址部分的含义是特定于底层传输协议的

底层传输协议：

ipc UNIX域套接字

- 在posix兼容的系统上，使用UNIX域套接字，IPC地址是文件引用*.socket文件

- 在Windows上，IPC使用命名管道。 IPC地址是不区分大小写的任意字符串，包含除反斜杠以外的任何字符。

地址示例：

- 使用相对(ipc://test.ipc) 此时在程序当前路径下生成socket文件，即域套接字文件

- 使用绝对(ipc:///tmp/test.ipc) 此时在/tmp目录下生成socket文件，即域套接字文件

tcp tcp://interface:port
- port 端口
- interface
  - 本地网络接口的IPv4地址，数字形式(192.168.0.111)
  - 本地网络接口的IPv6地址，数字形式(::1)
    - 星号(*)表示所有本地网络接口
- 地址示例
  - tcp://*:5555
  - tcp://192.168.0.111:5555
ws ws://interface:port
- port 端口
- interface

Pipeline

Pipeline (A One-Way Pipe)管道（单向管道）

此模式对于解决生产者/消费者问题（包括负载平衡）非常有用。消息从推侧流向拉侧。如果连接了多个对等点，则模式将尝试公平分布。

示例代码：pipeline.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pipeline.h>#define NODE0 "node0"
#define NODE1 "node1"void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));exit(1);
}int
node0(const char *url)
{int sock;int rv;printf("url: \"%s\"\n", url); if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PULL)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if ((rv = nn_bind(sock, url)) < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}for (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes;if ((bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_recv");}printf("NODE0: RECEIVED \"%s\"\n", buf); nn_freemsg(buf);}
}int
node1(const char *url, const char *msg)
{int sz_msg = strlen(msg) + 1; // '\0' tooint sock;int rv;int bytes;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PUSH)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if ((rv = nn_connect(sock, url)) < 0) {fatal("nn_connect");}printf("NODE1: SENDING \"%s\"\n", msg);if ((bytes = nn_send(sock, msg, sz_msg, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}sleep(1); // wait for messages to flush before shutting downreturn (nn_shutdown(sock, 0));
}int
main(const int argc, const char **argv)
{if ((argc > 1) && (strcmp(NODE0, argv[1]) == 0))return (node0(argv[2]));if ((argc > 2) && (strcmp(NODE1, argv[1]) == 0))return (node1(argv[2], argv[3]));fprintf(stderr, "Usage: pipeline %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...'\n",NODE0, NODE1);return (1);
}

编译

* - gcc pipeline.c -lnanomsg -o pipeline

* 运行

* - ./pipeline node0 ipc:///tmp/pipeline.ipc & node0=$! && sleep 1

* - ./pipeline node1 ipc:///tmp/pipeline.ipc “Hello, World!”

Request/Reply

Request/Reply (我问, 你答)

请求/应答用于同步通信，其中每个问题都用一个答案进行响应，例如远程过程调用(rpc)。与Pipeline一样，它也可以执行负载平衡。这是套件中唯一可靠的消息传递模式，因为如果请求与响应不匹配，它将自动重试。

示例demo：reqprep.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/reqrep.h>#define NODE0 "node0"
#define NODE1 "node1"
#define DATE "DATE"void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));exit(1);
}char *
date(void)
{time_t now = time(&now);struct tm *info = localtime(&now);char *text = asctime(info);text[strlen(text)-1] = '\0'; // remove '\n'return (text);
}int
node0(const char *url)
{int sz_date = strlen(DATE) + 1; // '\0' tooint sock;int rv;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_REP)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if ((rv = nn_bind(sock, url)) < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}for (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes;if ((bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_recv");}if ((bytes == (strlen(DATE) + 1)) && (strcmp(DATE, buf) == 0)) {printf("NODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUEST\n");char *d = date();int sz_d = strlen(d) + 1; // '\0' tooprintf("NODE0: SENDING DATE %s\n", d);if ((bytes = nn_send(sock, d, sz_d, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}}nn_freemsg(buf);}
}int
node1(const char *url)
{int sz_date = strlen(DATE) + 1; // '\0' toochar *buf = NULL;int bytes = -1;int sock;int rv;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_REQ)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if ((rv = nn_connect (sock, url)) < 0) {fatal("nn_connect");}printf("NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST %s\n", DATE);if ((bytes = nn_send(sock, DATE, sz_date, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}if ((bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0)) < 0) {fatal("nn_recv");}printf("NODE1: RECEIVED DATE %s\n", buf);  nn_freemsg(buf);return (nn_shutdown(sock, 0));
}int
main(const int argc, const char **argv)
{if ((argc > 1) && (strcmp(NODE0, argv[1]) == 0))return (node0(argv[2]));if ((argc > 1) && (strcmp(NODE1, argv[1]) == 0))return (node1(argv[2]));fprintf(stderr, "Usage: reqrep %s|%s <URL> ...\n", NODE0, NODE1);return (1);
}

编译

gcc reqrep.c -lnanomsg -o reqrep

运行

./reqrep node0 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipc & node0=$! && sleep 1
./reqrep node1 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipc
kill $node0

Output

NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST DATE
NODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUEST
NODE0: SENDING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013
NODE1: RECEIVED DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013

Pair

Pair (双向通信)

当存在一对一的对等关系时，使用pair模式。一次只能有一个对等体连接到另一个对等体，但双方都可以自由发言。

示例Demo:pair.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pair.h>#define NODE0 "node0"
#define NODE1 "node1"void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));exit(1);
}int
send_name(int sock, const char *name)
{printf("%s: SENDING \"%s\"\n", name, name);int sz_n = strlen(name) + 1; // '\0' tooreturn (nn_send(sock, name, sz_n, 0));
}int
recv_name(int sock, const char *name)
{char *buf = NULL;int result = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);if (result > 0) {printf("%s: RECEIVED \"%s\"\n", name, buf); nn_freemsg(buf);}return (result);
}int
send_recv(int sock, const char *name)
{int to = 100;if (nn_setsockopt(sock, NN_SOL_SOCKET, NN_RCVTIMEO, &to,sizeof (to)) < 0) {fatal("nn_setsockopt");}for (;;) {recv_name(sock, name);sleep(1);send_name(sock, name);}
}int
node0(const char *url)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PAIR)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_bind(sock, url) < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}return (send_recv(sock, NODE0));
}int
node1(const char *url)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PAIR)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_connect(sock, url) < 0) {fatal("nn_connect");}return (send_recv(sock, NODE1));
}int
main(const int argc, const char **argv)
{if ((argc > 1) && (strcmp(NODE0, argv[1]) == 0))return (node0(argv[2]));if ((argc > 1) && (strcmp(NODE1, argv[1]) == 0))return (node1(argv[2]));fprintf(stderr, "Usage: pair %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n", NODE0, NODE1);return 1;
}

编译

gcc pair.c -lnanomsg -o pair

运行

./pair node0 ipc:///tmp/pair.ipc & node0=$!
./pair node1 ipc:///tmp/pair.ipc & node1=$!
sleep 3
kill $node0 $node1

Output

node0: SENDING "node0"
node1: SENDING "node1"
node1: RECEIVED"node0"
node0: SENDING "node0"
node0: RECEIVED"node1"

Pub/Sub

Pub/Sub(发布/订阅)

此模式用于允许单个广播机构向多个订阅者发布消息，订阅者可以选择限制它们接收的消息。

pubsub.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>#define SERVER "server"
#define CLIENT "client"void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));
}char *
date(void)
{time_t now = time(&now);struct tm *info = localtime(&now);char *text = asctime(info);text[strlen(text)-1] = '\0'; // remove '\n'return (text);
}int
server(const char *url)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PUB)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_bind(sock, url) < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}for (;;) {char *d = date();int sz_d = strlen(d) + 1; // '\0' tooprintf("SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE %s\n", d);int bytes = nn_send(sock, d, sz_d, 0);if (bytes < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}sleep(1);}
}int
client(const char *url, const char *name)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_SUB)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}// subscribe to everything ("" means all topics)if (nn_setsockopt(sock, NN_SUB, NN_SUB_SUBSCRIBE, "", 0) < 0) {fatal("nn_setsockopt");}if (nn_connect(sock, url) < 0) {fatal("nn_connet");}for (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);if (bytes < 0) {fatal("nn_recv");}printf("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED %s\n", name, buf); nn_freemsg(buf);}
}int
main(const int argc, const char **argv)
{if ((argc >= 2) && (strcmp(SERVER, argv[1]) == 0))return (server(argv[2]));if ((argc >= 3) && (strcmp(CLIENT, argv[1]) == 0))return (client (argv[2], argv[3]));fprintf(stderr, "Usage: pubsub %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n",SERVER, CLIENT);return 1;
}

Compilation

gcc pubsub.c -lnanomsg -o pubsub

Execution

./pubsub server ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc & server=$! && sleep 1
./pubsub client ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc client0 & client0=$!
./pubsub client ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc client1 & client1=$!

Output

SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:11 2013
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:12 2013
SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013

Survey

Survey (每个人投票)

投票模式用于发送一个定时的调查，在调查过期之前，将逐个返回响应。此模式对于服务发现和投票算法非常有用。

survey.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/survey.h>#define SERVER "server"
#define CLIENT "client"
#define DATE   "DATE"void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));exit(1);
}char *
date(void)
{time_t now = time(&now);struct tm *info = localtime(&now);char *text = asctime(info);text[strlen(text)-1] = '\0'; // remove '\n'return (text);
}int
server(const char *url)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_SURVEYOR)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_bind(sock, url)  < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}for (;;) {printf("SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST\n");int bytes = nn_send(sock, DATE, strlen(DATE) + 1, 0);if (bytes < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}for (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);if (bytes < 0) {if (nn_errno() == ETIMEDOUT) {break;}fatal("nn_recv");}printf("SERVER: RECEIVED \"%s\" SURVEY RESPONSE\n",buf); nn_freemsg(buf);}printf("SERVER: SURVEY COMPLETE\n");sleep(1); // Start another survey in a second}
}int
client(const char *url, const char *name)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_RESPONDENT)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_connect (sock, url) < 0) {fatal("nn_connect");}for (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);if (bytes >= 0) {printf("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED \"%s\" SURVEY REQUEST\n",name, buf); nn_freemsg(buf);char *d = date();int sz_d = strlen(d) + 1; // '\0' tooprintf("CLIENT (%s): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSE\n",name);if (nn_send(sock, d, sz_d, 0) < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}}}
}int
main(const int argc, const char **argv)
{if ((argc >= 2) && (strcmp(SERVER, argv[1]) == 0))return (server(argv[2]));if ((argc >= 3) && (strcmp(CLIENT, argv[1]) == 0))return (client(argv[2], argv[3]));fprintf(stderr, "Usage: survey %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n",SERVER, CLIENT);return 1;
}

Compilation

gcc survey.c -lnanomsg -o survey

Execution

./survey server ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc & server=$!
./survey client ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc client0 & client0=$!
./survey client ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc client1 & client1=$!
kill $server $client0 $client1 $client2

Output

SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
SERVER: SURVEY COMPLETE
SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUEST
CLIENT (client1): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSE
CLIENT (client0): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSE

Bus

Bus (路由)

总线协议对于路由应用程序或构建完全互连的网状网络非常有用。在这种模式中，消息被发送到每个直接连接的对等体。

bus.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/bus.h>void
fatal(const char *func)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", func, nn_strerror(nn_errno()));exit(1);
}int
node(const int argc, const char **argv)
{int sock;if ((sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_BUS)) < 0) {fatal("nn_socket");}if (nn_bind(sock, argv[2]) < 0) {fatal("nn_bind");}sleep(1); // wait for peers to bindif (argc >= 3) {for (int x = 3; x < argc; x++) {if (nn_connect(sock, argv[x]) < 0) {fatal("nn_connect");}}}sleep(1); // wait for connectionsint to = 100;if (nn_setsockopt(sock, NN_SOL_SOCKET, NN_RCVTIMEO, &to,sizeof (to)) < 0) {fatal("nn_setsockopt");}// SENDint sz_n = strlen(argv[1]) + 1; // '\0' tooprintf("%s: SENDING '%s' ONTO BUS\n", argv[1], argv[1]);if (nn_send(sock, argv[1], sz_n, 0) < 0) {fatal("nn_send");}// RECVfor (;;) {char *buf = NULL;int recv = nn_recv(sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);if (recv >= 0) {printf("%s: RECEIVED '%s' FROM BUS\n", argv[1], buf); nn_freemsg(buf);}}return (nn_shutdown(sock, 0));
}int
main(int argc, const char **argv)
{if (argc >= 3) {return (node(argc, argv));}fprintf(stderr, "Usage: bus <NODE_NAME> <URL> <URL> ...\n");return 1;
}

Compilation

gcc bus.c -lnanomsg -o bus

Execution

./bus node0 ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc & node0=$!
./bus node1 ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc & node1=$!
./bus node2 ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc & node2=$!
./bus node3 ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc & node3=$!
sleep 5
kill $node0 $node1 $node2 $node3

Output

node0: SENDING 'node0' ONTO BUS
node1: SENDING 'node1' ONTO BUS
node2: SENDING 'node2' ONTO BUS
node3: SENDING 'node3' ONTO BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS
node0: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS
node1: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node2: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUS
node3: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS

项目中使用

发布服务

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>void usage(const char *name)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s [ bind url]\n", name);
}int main(int argc, char **argv)
{if(argc != 2) {usage(argv[0]);exit(-1);}const char *url = argv[1];int sock = nn_socket(AF_SP, NN_PUB);if(sock < 0) {fprintf (stderr, "nn_socket failed: %s\n", nn_strerror (errno));exit(-1);}if(nn_bind(sock, url) < 0) {fprintf(stderr, "nn_bind failed: %s\n", nn_strerror(errno));exit(-1);}while(1) {time_t rawtime;struct tm * timeinfo;time (&rawtime);timeinfo = localtime (&rawtime);char *text = asctime (timeinfo);int textLen = strlen(text);text[textLen - 1] = ' ';printf ("SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE %s\n", text);// nn_send(sock, text, textLen, 0);char temp[128] = "DEV|Alarm|IP:192.168.128.12|Port:3721|Chan:1|$DefinitionAbnormal:On|LT:1637908405|$1637908405#1$1";nn_send(sock, temp, strlen(temp), 0);sleep(1);}return 0;
}//run:  ./pubserver ipc:///tmp/test.ipc

订阅服务

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <nanomsg/nn.h>
#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>int main(int argc, char **argv)
{if(argc != 3) {fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s NAME BIND_URLn", argv[0]);exit(-1);}const char *name = argv[1];const char *url = argv[2];int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_SUB);if(sock < 0) {fprintf(stderr, "fail to create socket: %s\n", nn_strerror(errno));exit(-1);}if(nn_setsockopt (sock, NN_SUB, NN_SUB_SUBSCRIBE, "DEV|Alarm", strlen("DEV|Alarm")) < 0) {fprintf(stderr, "fail to set sorket opts: %s\n", nn_strerror(errno));exit(-1);}if (nn_connect(sock, url) < 0) {fprintf(stderr, "fail to connect to %s : %s\n", url, nn_strerror(errno));exit(-1);}printf("connect url:%s success\n",url);while ( 1 ) {char *buf = NULL;int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);printf ("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED %s\n", name, buf);nn_freemsg (buf);}nn_shutdown(sock, 0);return 0;
}//run: ./pubclient deroy ipc:///tmp/test.ipc

makefile

all:pubserver pubclient
pubserver:pubserver.cgcc -o pubserver pubserver.c -lnanomsg
pubclient:pubclient.cgcc -o pubclient pubclient.c -lnanomsg
.PHONY:clean
clean:rm -f pubserver pubclient