linux——高级网络配置之bond、team网络接口，网络桥接
2024-05-11 15:48:50
一、bond 网络接口
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 允许管理员使用 bonding 内核模块和称为通道绑定接口的特殊网络接口将多个网络接口绑定到一个通道。根据选择的绑定模式，通道绑定使两个或更多个网络接口作为一个网络接口，从而增加带宽和 / 提供冗余性。
选择linux以太网绑定模式
目前网卡绑定mode共有七种（0～6）：bond0、bond、bond1、bond2、bond3、bond4、bond5、bond6。这里介绍几种，然后会有关于模式1的实验详细说明。
模式0（平衡轮循）：轮循策略。所有接口都采用轮循方式在所有 Slave 中传输封包；任何 Slave 都可以接收。
模式1（主动备份）：容错。一次只能使用一个 Slave 接口，但是如果该接口出现故障，另一个 Slave 将接替它。
模式3（广播）：容错。所有封包都通过所有 Slave 接口广播。
实验——mode1（主动备份）
1.为做实验的虚拟机添加两块网卡 eth0 和 eth1（步骤见图）
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:320a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether 52:54:00:00:32:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 27 bytes 2832 (2.7 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 221 bytes 12177 (11.8 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:80:fa:d5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 35 bytes 1734 (1.6 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 136 bytes 13228 (12.9 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 136 bytes 13228 (12.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection delete eth0 ##将已经配置过的eth0恢复到默认状态，即未配置前
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:00:32:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 27 bytes 2832 (2.7 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 223 bytes 12273 (11.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection add con-name bond0 ifname bond0 type bond mode active-backup ip4 172.25.254.129/24 ##配置bond网络接口，ip为172.25.254.129
Connection 'bond0' (68750e7d-8636-48aa-b9e6-89971dc56516) successfully added.
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig bond0
bond0: flags=5187<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MASTER,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255ether 7a:c0:6f:e4:c3:22 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 ##查看网络接口bond0的信息。该文件只会在bond0接口添加后生成
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011)
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: None
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
[root@localhost Desktop]#
开启第二个命令面板，输入以下监控命令：
[root@localhost Desktop]# watch -n 15 cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
除了用命令的方式添加，还可以通过建立配置文件的方式
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-bond0 ifdown-post ifup-bnep ifup-routes
ifcfg-eth0 ifdown-ppp ifup-eth ifup-sit
ifcfg-lo ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-Team
ifdown ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-bnep ifdown-Team ifup-isdn ifup-tunnel
ifdown-eth ifdown-TeamPort ifup-plip ifup-wireless
ifdown-ippp ifdown-tunnel ifup-plusb init.ipv6-global
ifdown-ipv6 ifup ifup-post network-functions
ifdown-isdn ifup-aliases ifup-ppp network-functions-ipv6
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
BONDING_OPTS=mode=active-backup
TYPE=Bond
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR0=172.25.254.129
PREFIX0=24
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=bond0
UUID=68750e7d-8636-48aa-b9e6-89971dc56516
ONBOOT=yes
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
NAME=eth0
UUID=e179929b-633b-4caf-87ad-d98cf7024354
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
[root@localhost network-scripts]#
注意：删除bond网络接口bond0的所有配置（不影响下面team网络接口的实验）
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection delete eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection delete eth1
[root@localhost network-scripts]# nmcli connection delete bond0二、team 网络接口（企业七之前的版本没有这个功能）
- Team 和 bond0 功能类似
- Team 不需要手动加载相应内核模块
- Team 有更强的扩展性
- 支持8块网卡
- Team 的种类：
broadcast 广播容错
roundrobin 平衡轮叫：比较机械
activebackup 主动备份
loadbalance 负载均衡：将任务平衡分配
team 网络接口
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:00:32:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 195 bytes 11502 (11.2 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 129 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 330 bytes 18401 (17.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:80:fa:d5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 180 bytes 9202 (8.9 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 3 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 118 bytes 6270 (6.1 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 513 bytes 50444 (49.2 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 513 bytes 50444 (49.2 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team0 ifname team0 type team config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}' ip4 172.25.254.129/24
##成功添加team网络接口team0，ip为172.25.254.129
Connection 'team0' (97c3112a-532d-41ca-aa92-da48dad4adb5) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 stat ##查看team0的信息
setup:runner: activebackup
runner:active port: ##此处表示是可用接口，当前表示没有可用接口
[root@localhost ~]#开启第二个命令面板：输入以下监控命令
[root@localhost ~]# watch -n 5 teamdctl team0 stat
注意：删除team网络接口team0的所有配置
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection delete eth0
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection delete eth1
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection delete team0 三、有无网桥的区别实验（真机）
[kiosk@foundation50 Desktop]$ su
Password:
[root@foundation50 Desktop]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-br0 ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-br0 /opt/ ##做备份！！！一定要做的
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# nm-connection-editor
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# ifconfig
enp1s0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::ca5b:76ff:fe87:3653 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether c8:5b:76:87:36:53 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 819357 bytes 263780151 (251.5 MiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 819357 bytes 263780151 (251.5 MiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255ether 52:54:00:37:a4:20 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# virt-manager
建立网桥
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-enp1s0 ifdown-isdn ifup ifup-plip ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo ifdown-post ifup-aliases ifup-plusb ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ppp ifup-bnep ifup-post init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep ifdown-routes ifup-eth ifup-ppp network-functions
ifdown-eth ifdown-sit ifup-ib ifup-routes network-functions-ipv6
ifdown-ib ifdown-Team ifup-ippp ifup-sit
ifdown-ippp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-ipv6 ifup-Team
ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-tunnel ifup-isdn ifup-TeamPort
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-enp1s0
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-enp1s0
DEVICE=enp1s0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=172.25.254.50
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
TYPE=Bridge
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.c85b76873653 no enp1s0
virbr0 8000.52540037a420 yes virbr0-nic
[root@foundation50 network-scripts]# virt-manager 其他步骤和没网桥的相同，不同的是如下图：
四、网桥的建立与删除（虚拟机）
网桥的建立与删除
网桥的建立
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl addbr br0
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig br0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet6 fe80::bcab:1bff:fea8:249e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether be:ab:1b:a8:24:9e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig br0 172.25.254.127/24
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig br0
br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 172.25.254.127 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.254.255inet6 fe80::bcab:1bff:fea8:249e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether be:ab:1b:a8:24:9e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 19 bytes 3377 (3.2 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no
[root@localhost Desktop]# ping 172.25.254.50
PING 172.25.254.50 (172.25.254.50) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 172.25.254.127 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.25.254.127 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.25.254.127 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 172.25.254.127 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
^C
--- 172.25.254.50 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +4 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4000ms
pipe 4
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl addif br0 eth0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.52540000320a no eth0
[root@localhost Desktop]# ping 172.25.254.50
PING 172.25.254.50 (172.25.254.50) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.25.254.50: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.316 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.254.50: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.254.50: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.340 ms
^C
--- 172.25.254.50 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.148/0.268/0.340/0.085 ms
[root@localhost Desktop]#网桥的删除
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.52540000320a no eth0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl delif br0 eth0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000000000000 no
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig br0 down
[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:00:32:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 13 bytes 1026 (1.0 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 4 bytes 336 (336.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500ether 52:54:00:80:fa:d5 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 9 bytes 690 (690.0 B)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)RX packets 13 bytes 1116 (1.0 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 13 bytes 1116 (1.0 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl delbr br0
[root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
[root@localhost Desktop]#linux——高级网络配置之bond、team网络接口，网络桥接相关推荐
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