Java Web实现信息管理

前言：
大二上学期刚学完Oracle，老师就要求用Java语言操作Oracle，当时真的是懵了。回顾自己前两年的生活，大一上学期学习C语言，下学期学习Java，当时教课老师是学硬件的。课上讲一些理论性的问题，剩余时间让我们比这课本敲代码，感觉自己学的Java太片面了，而且那个时候也没有感到Java很重要，直到现在真的后悔之前没有好好学习Java…现在想想，所谓的连接Oracle和MySQL区别也不是很大，JDBC连接数据库的步骤都是固定的，SQL语句也差不多，之间的区别就在，数据库所属的公司不同，驱动jar包不同，具体的驱动类不同，或许，想到更细致一点，数据库的用户名和密码不同。现在，JSP，servlet，三层架构，MVC框架，前端技术（ HTML CSS JS …）涉及的知识范围越广，理解起来其实也更加的容易。

Oracle数据库：

驱动jar包（从官网进行下载）：ojdbc-x.jar

具体驱动类：oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver

MySQL数据库

驱动jar包：mysql-connection-java-x.jar

具体驱动类：com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

下面是具体的项目管理：
主页面：显示全部学生信息index.jsp

查询操作：

更新修改操作：

增加操作：

点击删除（超链接）后，数据库中对应的数据成功删除（这里不再展示）

实现代码：

StudentDao.java

package org.student.dao;import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;import org.student.entity.Student;/*** @author 11441*数据访问层：原子性，具体的 增删改查*/
public class StudentDao {private final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1";private final String USERNAME = "root";private final String PASSWOED = "root";//判断学生存在public boolean isExist(int sno) {return queryStudentBySno(sno)==null ? false : true;}//增加public boolean addStudent(Student student) {//封装到数据类Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement pstmt = null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWOED);String sql = "insert into student values (?,?,?,?)";pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);pstmt.setInt(1, student.getSno());pstmt.setString(2, student.getSname());pstmt.setInt(3, student.getSage());pstmt.setString(4, student.getSaddress());int count = pstmt.executeUpdate();if(count > 0) {return true;}else {return false;}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} finally {try {if(pstmt != null) pstmt.close();if(connection != null) connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//根据学号修改学生:根据sno找到要修改的人public boolean updateStudentBySno(int sno,Student student) {Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement pstmt = null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWOED);String sql = "update student set sname = ?,sage=?,saddress=? where sno=?";pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);pstmt.setString(1, student.getSname());pstmt.setInt(2, student.getSage());pstmt.setString(3, student.getSaddress());pstmt.setInt(4, sno);int count = pstmt.executeUpdate();if(count > 0) {return true;}else {return false;}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} finally {try {if(pstmt != null) pstmt.close();if(connection != null) connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//根据学号删除学生public boolean deleteStudentBySno(int sno) {//封装到数据类Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement pstmt = null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWOED);String sql = "delete from student where sno = ?";pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);pstmt.setInt(1, sno);int count = pstmt.executeUpdate();if(count > 0) {return true;}else {return false;}} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return false;} finally {try {if(pstmt != null) pstmt.close();if(connection != null) connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//根据学号查询学生信息public Student queryStudentBySno(int sno) {Student student = null;Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement pstmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWOED);String sql = "select * from student where sno = ?";pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);pstmt.setInt(1, sno);rs = pstmt.executeQuery();if(rs.next()) {int no = rs.getInt("sno");String name = rs.getString("sname");int age = rs.getInt("sage");String address = rs.getString("saddress");student = new Student(no,name,age,address);}return student;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} finally {try {if(rs != null) rs.close();if(pstmt != null) pstmt.close();if(connection != null) connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}//查询全部学生(很多学生)public List<Student> queryAllStudent() {List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();Student student = null;Connection connection = null;PreparedStatement pstmt = null;ResultSet rs = null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USERNAME, PASSWOED);String sql = "select * from student";pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);rs = pstmt.executeQuery();while(rs.next()) {int no = rs.getInt("sno");String name = rs.getString("sname");int age = rs.getInt("sage");String address = rs.getString("saddress");student = new Student(no,name,age,address);students.add(student);}return students;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();return null;} finally {try {if(rs != null) rs.close();if(pstmt != null) pstmt.close();if(connection != null) connection.close();} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}
}

Student.java

package org.student.entity;/*** @author 11441*student实体类*/
public class Student {private int sno;private String sname;private int sage;private String saddress;public Student(String sname, int sage, String saddress) {this.sname = sname;this.sage = sage;this.saddress = saddress;}public Student(int sno, String sname, int sage, String saddress) {this.sno = sno;this.sname = sname;this.sage = sage;this.saddress = saddress;}public Student() {}public Student(int sno, String sname, int sage) {this.sno = sno;this.sname = sname;this.sage = sage;}public Student(int sage, String saddress) {this.sage = sage;this.saddress = saddress;}public int getSno() {return sno;}public void setSno(int sno) {this.sno = sno;}public String getSname() {return sname;}public void setSname(String sname) {this.sname = sname;}public int getSage() {return sage;}public void setSage(int sage) {this.sage = sage;}public String getSaddress() {return saddress;}public void setSaddress(String saddress) {this.saddress = saddress;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return this.getSno()+"-"+this.getSname()+"-"+this.getSage()+"-"+this.getSaddress();}
}

StudentService.java

package org.student.service;import java.util.List;import org.student.dao.StudentDao;
import org.student.entity.Student;/*** @author 11441*业务逻辑层，逻辑性的增删改查，（增：查+增）到Dao层进行的组装*/
public class StudentService {StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();public boolean addStudent(Student student) {if(!studentDao.isExist(student.getSno())) {//学生不存在，增加该学生studentDao.addStudent(student);return true;}else {System.out.println("该学生已存在");return false;}}public boolean deleteStudentBySno(int sno) {if(studentDao.isExist(sno)) {return studentDao.deleteStudentBySno(sno);}else {return false;}}public boolean updateStudentBySno(int sno,Student student) {if(studentDao.isExist(sno)) {return studentDao.updateStudentBySno(sno,student);}else {return false;}}//根据学号查询学生public Student queryStudentBySno(int sno) {return studentDao.queryStudentBySno(sno);}//查询所有学生public List<Student> queryAllStudents() {return studentDao.queryAllStudent();}
}

QueryAllStudentdServlet.java
（关于Servlet还有AddStudentServlet，DeleteStudentServlet，QueryStudentBySnoServlet，UpdateStudentServlet，这里就不再展示）

package org.student.servlet;import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.student.entity.Student;
import org.student.service.StudentService;public class QueryAllStudentdServlet extends HttpServlet {protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");StudentService service = new StudentService();List<Student> students = service.queryAllStudents();System.out.println(students);request.setAttribute("students", students);//因为request域中有数据，因此需要通过请求转发的方式跳转（重定向会丢失request域）request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request, response);}protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {doGet(request, response);}
}

WebContent中的jsp文件：

index.jsp

<%@page import="org.student.service.StudentService"%>
<%@page import="org.student.dao.StudentDao"%>
<%@page import="java.util.List"%>
<%@page import="org.student.entity.Student"%>
<%@page import="org.student.servlet.QueryAllStudentdServlet"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>学生信息列表</title>
<style type="text/css">
#formstyle
{margin:100px 500px;
}
table{width: 80%;height: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body background="photo/海浪.jpg">
<div id="formstyle"><table border="#008C8C 3px solid"><caption>学生信息管理系统</caption><tr align="left" ><th>学号</th><th>姓名</th><th>年龄</th><th>操作</th></tr><!-- 学生信息有几行，要通过循环 --><%/* 获取request域中的数据 */List<Student> students = (List<Student>)request.getAttribute("students");for(Student student : students){%><tr><td><a href="QueryStudentBySnoServlet?sno=<%=student.getSno() %>"><%=student.getSno()%></a></td><td><%=student.getSname()%></td><td><%=student.getSage()%></td><td><a href="DeleteStudentServlet?sno=<%=student.getSno()%>">删除</a></td>          </tr><%}%></table><a href="add.jsp">新增</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

add.jsp

<%@page import="org.student.entity.Student"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body><%Student student = (Student)request.getAttribute("student");%>    <!--通过表单展示学生 --><form action="UpdateStudentServlet">学号：<input type="text" name="sno" value="<%=student.getSno() %>" readonly="readonly" /><br/>姓名：<input type="text" name="sname" value="<%=student.getSname() %>"/><br/>年龄：<input type="text" name="sage" value="<%=student.getSage() %>"/><br/>地址：<input type="text" name="saddress" value="<%=student.getSaddress() %>"/><br/><input type="submit" value=" 修改" /><br/><a href="QueryAllStudentdServlet">返回</a></form>
</body>
</html>

studentInfo.jsp

<%@page import="org.student.entity.Student"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body><%Student student = (Student)request.getAttribute("student");%>    <!--通过表单展示学生 --><form action="UpdateStudentServlet">学号：<input type="text" name="sno" value="<%=student.getSno() %>" readonly="readonly" /><br/>姓名：<input type="text" name="sname" value="<%=student.getSname() %>"/><br/>年龄：<input type="text" name="sage" value="<%=student.getSage() %>"/><br/>地址：<input type="text" name="saddress" value="<%=student.getSaddress() %>"/><br/><input type="submit" value=" 修改" /><br/><a href="QueryAllStudentdServlet">返回</a></form>
</body>
</html>

总结
web项目中信息在各个层次之间的传递的过程，跳转页面重定向和请求转发的区别，在JSP中怎样获取参数，调用方法等各种细节，需要不断的练习

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