21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

【词汇突破】

interactivity 互动性

hospitality 友好性

security 安全性

【主干识别】The examples show that…+宾语从句；主谓宾结构

【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers作example的同位语；我们把其看作为：A of B 的结构，A为上义词，B 为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“……的例子”；a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句

【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰a web site; 宾语从句主干为：a Web site will attract online customers.

【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰，产生隔离，在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离，这样了产生了隔离。

【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合，且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。

【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of…的时候翻译为“像……”。

22. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.

【词汇突破】

statistics 数据

写作过程中可以使用固定词组：statistics and details

achievers获得成功的人

【主干识别】They gather all the data. 主谓宾结构。

【其他成分】they can 的完整表达为：that they can gather ; 出于简洁的考虑省掉了that 和gather；not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data 的同位语。

【微观解析】同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details；第二个部分为the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers，其中with high achievers为定语修饰experiments.

【难点揭秘】同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。

【译文赏析】他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和传记式资料，而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。

补充一些心理学术语：

biographical characteristics 传记特点

biographical data 传记式资料

biographical inventory 传记式量表

Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表

biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验

biographical method 传记法

biographical study 传记研究

biographical?type case study 传记式个案研究

23. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.

【词汇突破】

verse 歌词，诗句

stockholder 股东

assert 声称，认为，宣称

social ill 社会问题

【主干识别】Levin asserted that +宾语从句and even cited his son. 主谓宾结构

【其他成分】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting状语；music is not the cause of society’s ills 宾语从句主系表结构；a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位语；who uses rap to communicate with students.定语从句修饰a teacher。

【难点揭秘】并列的动词和同位语构成一定的阅读难点

【译文赏析】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。

【翻译点拨】将同位语单独翻译为一个句子是在翻译中的常用手法。

24. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

【词汇突破】

constitutional 宪法的

physician-assisted suicide 医生帮助下的自杀

permissible 可以被允许的

【主干识别】the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect" 主谓宾结构

【其他成分】Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide状语从句；in effect作状语；a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整个都是the medical principle of "double effect" 的同位语。

【微观解析】a centuries-old moral principle其后被 holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修饰。holding that +宾语从句，其中主干为：an action is permissible；having two effects修饰 an action；a good one and a harmful one为two effects的同位语，被that is intended和that is foreseen两个定语从句所修饰；if the actor intends only the good effect为宾语从句的状语。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的复杂就在于同位语的复杂，同位语中有现在分词短语带上宾语从句，在宾语从句中又出现同位语，同位语中又出现定语从句。这样的句子虽然复杂但是还是从最简单的结构一步步搭建出来的。the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect"解释什么叫double effect；“holding that+宾语从句”修饰 double effect；an action having two effects is permissible为宾语从句的主干；a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解释什么是two effects；if the actor intends only the good effect 为状语从句。

【译文赏析】尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支持，但最高法院实际上支持了被称为"双重效果"的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个行为可能会有两个效果——— 一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施者想要的只是要好的效果的话，这个行为是被允许的

【翻译点拨】对于同位语的处理我们还是采取了惯用的单独成句的方法，也用到了破折号解释的方法。

25. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

【词汇突破】

reinforced 加强

introduction 引入和制定

refereeing 推荐制度

journal 期刊

【主干识别】The overall result has been to make entrance harder.主谓宾宾补的结构；entrance to professional geological journals宾语, harder for amateurs 宾补.

【其他成分】to professional geological journals定语修饰entrance；for amateurs状语；a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主语result的同位语。

【微观解析】that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定语从句修饰a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ，为状语by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 为定语修饰introduction；

【难点揭秘】同位语后面定语从句中状语by和后面定语by的区别。

【译文赏析】这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引入，后又在20世纪，又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。

26. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

【词汇突破】

institute 机构

substantial 实际的

bombard不断***;向...连续提出问题

lengthy冗长

【主干识别】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines

【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位语；for tort law定语修饰new guidelines；stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定语修饰new guidelines。

【微观解析】companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones；动词为warn 和bombard并列; warn sb of sth ; bombard sb with sth.。

【难点揭秘】同位语有一个隔离现象产生；stating+ that +句子其中出现两个并列的动词；

【译文赏析】与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。

27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

【词汇突破】

manipulation 操纵

detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的

【主干识别】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构

【其他成分】Such large, impersonal，of capital and industry定语修饰manipulation；as a class 定语修饰shareholder；an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ；and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。

【微观解析】in national life，representing irresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。

【难点揭秘】同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。

【译文赏析】这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

28. Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.

【词汇突破】

analytical 解析

verbal 文字的

components 成分

【主干识别】Sternberg notes that+宾语从句

【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 宾语从句；并列的动词best assess 和 fail to measure；components also critical to problem solving and life success 为creativity and practical knowledge的同位语； critical to problem solving and life success为形容词短语修饰components。

【难点揭秘】同位语中加上了由形容词短语充当的后置定语加大了阅读难度。

【译文赏析】斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能，而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。

【翻译点拨】后置定语前置，同位语单独成句。

29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.

【词汇突破】

critical 重要的

concerning 关于

【主干识别】and连接两个完整的并列句。第一个句子主干为： science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.第二个句子主干为：it is critical that +主语从句。

【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主语从句

【微观解析】由于表语是critical表示重要性，在从句中用了“shoud +动词原型”的虚拟语气动词形式，should 被省略了；that science can provide定语从句修饰judgment；concerning the future consequences of present actions.现在分词短语也是在修饰judgment。

【难点揭秘】出现多个后置定语造成翻译的障碍。

【译文赏析】但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。

【翻译点拨】后半句翻译的过程中最大的问题就是如何处理多个后置定语，这里可以采取倒序的方法进行翻译，在行文的过程中用代词来进行连接；先说：best judgments concerning the future consequences of present actions.关于现在的行为之余未来的结果的最好判断（the future consequences of present actions.）再说science can provide科学能提供，这样前两句合并后变为：对于现在的行为之于未来的结果（定语变为中文中的状语），科学能提供最好的判断。最后译前半段：我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。

30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

【词汇突破】

lest 以免，以防 （后面所接从句需要使用should+动词原型的虚拟语气）

acquire 获得

deceptive 欺骗性的

【主干识别】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor 加情态动词的主系表结构。

【其他成分】 lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.状语从句。

【微观解析】lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth， 状语从句中出现并列动词go and acquire，其中 go 为系动词，并且省略的should； go unchallenged 意思为：不被质疑。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是虚拟语气的识别和并列动词的识别，是为了讲解虚拟语气而列的一个句子。

【译文赏析】他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信（读者来信），以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑（大行其道）、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。

【翻译点拨】对于给编辑的来信，错误信息不受质疑我们都可以采取正话反说的方法来进行翻译。