标准化工作导则第1部分

网络服务 (Web Service)

As defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web Services (web service) is a software system designed to support interoperability between different computers on the same network key feature of a Web Service is to offer a ‘ software interface’ (described in an automatically processable format such as, for example, the Web Services Description Language) using the other systems which may interact with the Web Service itself by activating the steps in the interface by means of special “messages” included in an “envelope” (the most famous is SOAP): these messages are usually transported via the HTTP protocol and formatted according to the XML standard.

根据万维网联盟(W3C)的定义，Web服务(Web服务)是一种软件系统，旨在支持同一计算机上同一网络上不同计算机之间的互操作性。关键功能是提供“软件接口”(在使用其他系统的自动可处理格式，例如Web服务描述语言)，这些其他系统可以通过“信封”(最多)中包含的特殊“消息”激活界面中的步骤来与Web Service本身进行交互著名的是SOAP)：这些消息通常通过HTTP协议进行传输，并根据XML标准进行格式化。

Thanks to the use of XML standards, through an architecture based on Web Service (Service Oriented Architecture – SOA) software applications written in different programming languages and deployed on different hardware platforms can be used through the interfaces that they “expose” publicly and through the use of functions that are able to make (the “products” to make available) for the exchange of information and the conduct of complex operations (such as , the execution of business processes that involve multiple areas of the same company) and on corporate networks, as well as on the Internet: the possibility of interoperability between different programming languages (e.g., between Java and Python) and operating systems (such as Windows and Linux) is made possible by the use of standard “open”.

由于使用了XML标准，通过基于Web服务的体系结构(面向服务的体系结构– SOA)，可以使用以不同编程语言编写并部署在不同硬件平台上的软件应用程序，通过它们公开“公开”的接口以及通过使用能够为信息交换和进行复杂操作(例如执行涉及同一公司多个领域的业务流程)和在公司网络上提供功能(“产品”)的功能，以及在Internet上：通过使用标准的“开放”，可以实现不同编程语言(例如，Java和Python之间)与操作系统(例如Windows和Linux)之间互操作性的可能性。

The consortium OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) and W3C are primarily responsible for the architecture and standardization of Web services, to improve interoperability between different implementations of Web Services WS-I organization is also developing a series of “profiles” to better define the standards involved.

联盟OASIS(结构化信息标准促进组织)和W3C主要负责Web服务的体系结构和标准化，以提高Web服务的不同实现之间的互操作性WS-I组织也在开发一系列“配置文件”更好地定义所涉及的标准。

Web服务的协议栈 (Protocol stacks of Web Service )

The protocol stack of Web services is the set of network protocols used to identify, locate, implement and to interact with each Web Service, is mainly composed of four areas:

Web服务协议栈是用于识别，定位，实现每个Web Service并与之交互的一组网络协议，主要由四个区域组成：

• Transport Service: Responsible for transporting messages between applications on the network, including protocols such as HTTP, SMTP, FTP, XMPP, and the recent Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP).传输服务：负责在网络上的应用程序之间传输消息，包括HTTP，SMTP，FTP，XMPP等协议以及最新的块可扩展交换协议(BEEP)。
• XML Messaging: all data exchanged is formatted with a “tag” XML so that they can be used at both ends of the connections, the message can be encoded in accordance with the SOAP standard, as well as use JAX-RPC, XML-RPC or REST.XML消息传递：交换的所有数据都使用“标签” XML格式化，以便可以在连接的两端使用它们，可以根据SOAP标准对消息进行编码，还可以使用JAX-RPC，XML-RPC或REST。
• Description of service: the public interface of a Web Service is described by WSDL (Web Services Description Language) an XML-based language used to create “documents” describing how to interface and use of the Web Service.服务描述：Web服务的公共接口由WSDL(Web服务描述语言)描述，WSDL是一种基于XML的语言，用于创建描述如何连接和使用Web Service的“文档”。
• List of services: the centralization of the description and the location of the Web Service in a “register” Joint allows you to search and quickly find the Web Service available on the web, is currently used for this purpose the protocol UDDI.服务列表：描述的集中和Web服务在“注册”中的位置联合使您可以搜索并快速找到Web上可用的Web服务，当前用于协议UDDI。

使用的其他标准协议是： (Additional standard protocols used are: )

• WS-Security: the protocol Web Services Security protocol was adopted as an OASIS Standard, this standard allows user authentication and confidentiality of messages exchanged with the interface of Web Service

  WS-Security：协议Web服务安全协议被用作OASIS标准，该标准允许用户身份验证和与Web服务接口交换的消息的机密性

• WS-Reliability: This is based on SOAP specifications and accepted as an OASIS Standard that satisfy the request message “reliable” (reliable), required for some of the critical applications that use Web services (such as, for example, monetary transactions or E-commerce applications).

  WS-Reliability：这是基于SOAP规范并被接受为OASIS标准，它满足使用Web服务的某些关键应用程序(例如，货币交易或E)所要求的“可靠”(reliable)请求消息。 -商务应用程序)。

Web服务的优势 (Advantages of Web Services)

• Allow interoperability between different software applications on different hardware platforms允许在不同硬件平台上的不同软件应用程序之间实现互操作性
• Using standard protocols and “open” protocols and data format and, where possible, in text format, which makes them easier to understand and use by developers使用标准协议和“开放”协议以及数据格式，并在可能的情况下使用文本格式，这使开发人员更易于理解和使用
• Through the use of HTTP to transport messages the Web Service does not require, normally, that changes are made to the security rules used as a filter on the firewall通过使用HTTP传输消息，Web服务通常不需要更改用作防火墙过滤器的安全规则。
• Can be easily used in combination with each other (regardless of who supplies them and where they are available) to form services “integrated” and complex.可以轻松地相互组合使用(无论由谁提供它们，以及在何处可用)，以形成“集成”和复杂的服务。
• Allow reuse of infrastructure and applications already developed and are (relatively) independent of any changes to these允许重用已经开发的基础结构和应用程序，并且(相对)独立于这些基础结构和应用程序的任何更改

Web服务-更多好处 (Web Services — More Benefits)

• Web services provide interoperability between various software running on various platforms.Web服务提供了在各种平台上运行的各种软件之间的互操作性。
• Web services use open protocols and standards.Web服务使用开放协议和标准。
• The protocols and data formats are text wherever possible, thus facilitating the understanding of how global trade.协议和数据格式尽可能为文本，从而有助于人们了解全球贸易方式。
• Based on HTTP protocol, Web services can work through many firewalls without requiring changes to filtering rules.基于HTTP协议，Web服务可以通过许多防火墙工作，而无需更改过滤规则。
• Development tools based on these standards, allow the automatic creation of programs using existing Web services.基于这些标准的开发工具允许使用现有的Web服务自动创建程序。

Continued…

继续…

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/web-service-part-1/

标准化工作导则第1部分