5.QT5中的connect的实现

在QT4中，解析信号槽是通过将信号槽的名字转化为字符串，然后通过connect解析该字符串，得到信号函数的相对序号和，然后创建信号connectionlist，但是，所有的检查都在运行时，通过解析字符串进行。这意味着，如果信号槽的名称拼写错误，编译会成功，但是只是会建立空连接。

moctest::moctest()
{connect(this, SIGNAL(sigf1(double1)) , this, SLOT(slotf(double)));connect(this, &moctest::sigf2, this, &moctest::slotf2);
}

上述代码编译时，不会出现问题，但是在运行时，会提示错误

也就是说，当使用SIGNAL和SLOT后，无论宏里面写啥，编译时都不会检查

所以，为了添加编译时的检查，新版的connect使用了函数指针作为信号槽函数，使用了函数指针后，如果信号槽函数出现拼写错误，则会在编译时无法通过，而且还可以使用lambda表达式槽函数，因为lambda表达式返回的也是一个函数指针。

当函数指针拼写错误时，QT在编译前就会提示找不到成员函数

新版connect的函数声明

template<typename PointerToMemberFunction>
static QMetaObject::Connection connect(const QObject *sender, PointerToMemberFunction signal, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method, Qt::ConnectionType type = Qt::AutoConnection);

使用connect时，一般是这样的

connect(sender, &QObject::destroyed, this, &MyObject::objectDestroyed);

第二个和第四个是函数指针，将模板参数PointerToMemberFunction变成函数的类型

connect的具体实现如下

template <typename Func1, typename Func2>static inline QMetaObject::Connection connect(const typename QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func1>::Object *sender, Func1 signal,const typename QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func2>::Object *receiver, Func2 slot,Qt::ConnectionType type = Qt::AutoConnection){typedef QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func1> SignalType;typedef QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func2> SlotType;Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X(QtPrivate::HasQ_OBJECT_Macro<typename SignalType::Object>::Value,"No Q_OBJECT in the class with the signal");//compilation error if the arguments does not match.Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X(int(SignalType::ArgumentCount) >= int(SlotType::ArgumentCount),"The slot requires more arguments than the signal provides.");Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X((QtPrivate::CheckCompatibleArguments<typename SignalType::Arguments, typename SlotType::Arguments>::value),"Signal and slot arguments are not compatible.");Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X((QtPrivate::AreArgumentsCompatible<typename SlotType::ReturnType, typename SignalType::ReturnType>::value),"Return type of the slot is not compatible with the return type of the signal.");const int *types = nullptr;if (type == Qt::QueuedConnection || type == Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection)types = QtPrivate::ConnectionTypes<typename SignalType::Arguments>::types();return connectImpl(sender, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&signal),receiver, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&slot),new QtPrivate::QSlotObject<Func2, typename QtPrivate::List_Left<typename SignalType::Arguments, SlotType::ArgumentCount>::Value,typename SignalType::ReturnType>(slot),type, types, &SignalType::Object::staticMetaObject);}

先看函数名

template <typename Func1, typename Func2>
static inline QMetaObject::Connection connect(const typename QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func1>::Object *sender, Func1 signal,const typename QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func2>::Object *receiver, Func2 slot,Qt::ConnectionType type = Qt::AutoConnection)

其中Func1和Func2是模板参数，表示成员函数的类型，QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func1>::Object *sender是发送信号的对象，signal是函数指针，后两个参数同理

QtPrivate::FunctionPointer的实现在qobjectdefs_impl.h中，该模板类主要用来提供元数据

    template<class Obj, typename Ret, typename... Args> struct FunctionPointer<Ret (Obj::*) (Args...)>{typedef Obj Object;//包含成员函数的类typedef List<Args...>  Arguments;//代表参数列表。typedef Ret ReturnType;typedef Ret (Obj::*Function) (Args...);enum {ArgumentCount = sizeof...(Args), IsPointerToMemberFunction = true};//ArgumentCount表示函数的参数数目，template <typename SignalArgs, typename R>static void call(Function f, Obj *o, void **arg) {//使用给定参数调用该成员函数f。FunctorCall<typename Indexes<ArgumentCount>::Value, SignalArgs, R, Function>::call(f, o, arg);}};

然后是两个typedef

typedef QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func1> SignalType;
typedef QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func2> SlotType;

当把信号函数和槽函数传入后，根据FunctionPointer会解析出信号槽函数的返回值、所在类和形参列表

紧接着是四个Q_STATIC_ASSERT_X断言，必须包含Q_OBJECT，信号的参数数量必须大于等于槽函数的参数数量，信号的参数和槽函数的参数必须得兼容（类型一致或可以转化），信号槽的返回值的类型也必须得兼容

之后是如果连接方式是QueuedConnection或者BlockingQueuedConnection，那么要获取入队的参数信息，同QT4

最后执行connectImpl

 return connectImpl(sender, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&signal),receiver, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&slot),new QtPrivate::QSlotObject<Func2, typename QtPrivate::List_Left<typename SignalType::Arguments, SlotType::ArgumentCount>::Value,typename SignalType::ReturnType>(slot),type, types, &SignalType::Object::staticMetaObject);

这里面用new QtPrivate::QSlotObject<Func2, typename QtPrivate::List_Left<typename SignalType::Arguments, SlotType::ArgumentCount>::Value, typename SignalType::ReturnType>(slot)初始化QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj

Func2表示槽函数的类型

typename QtPrivate::List_Left<typename SignalType::Arguments, SlotType::ArgumentCount>::Value，这里面，List_Left <L，N>以一个列表和一个数字作为参数并返回一个列表，列表由列表的前N个元素组成，所以这里面返回的是一个列表，列表里有好多类型，信号的参数个数有可能多于SlotType::ArgumentCount，但是最多取SlotType::ArgumentCount个

typename SignalType::ReturnType表示信号函数的返回值类型

指定完三个模板参数后，传入槽函数的指针slot

connectImpl的实现

QMetaObject::Connection QObject::connectImpl(const QObject *sender, void **signal,const QObject *receiver, void **slot,QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj, Qt::ConnectionType type,const int *types, const QMetaObject *senderMetaObject)
{if (!signal) {qWarning("QObject::connect: invalid nullptr parameter");if (slotObj)slotObj->destroyIfLastRef();return QMetaObject::Connection();}//判空int signal_index = -1;void *args[] = { &signal_index, signal };for (; senderMetaObject && signal_index < 0; senderMetaObject = senderMetaObject->superClass()) {senderMetaObject->static_metacall(QMetaObject::IndexOfMethod, 0, args);//调用MOC文件中的static_metacall计算信号的相对序号if (signal_index >= 0 && signal_index < QMetaObjectPrivate::get(senderMetaObject)->signalCount)break;}if (!senderMetaObject) {//判断发送信号的元对象是否有效qWarning("QObject::connect: signal not found in %s", sender->metaObject()->className());slotObj->destroyIfLastRef();return QMetaObject::Connection(0);}signal_index += QMetaObjectPrivate::signalOffset(senderMetaObject);//获取信号的绝对序号return QObjectPrivate::connectImpl(sender, signal_index, receiver, slot, slotObj, type, types, senderMetaObject);//继续调用QObjectPrivate::connectImpl
}

思路依旧是获取信号的绝对序号，和QT4类似

QObjectPrivate::connectImpl的实现

QMetaObject::Connection QObjectPrivate::connectImpl(const QObject *sender, int signal_index,const QObject *receiver, void **slot,QtPrivate::QSlotObjectBase *slotObj, Qt::ConnectionType type,const int *types, const QMetaObject *senderMetaObject)
{if (!sender || !receiver || !slotObj || !senderMetaObject) {const char *senderString = sender ? sender->metaObject()->className(): senderMetaObject ? senderMetaObject->className(): "Unknown";const char *receiverString = receiver ? receiver->metaObject()->className(): "Unknown";qWarning("QObject::connect(%s, %s): invalid nullptr parameter", senderString, receiverString);if (slotObj)slotObj->destroyIfLastRef();return QMetaObject::Connection();}//同QT4QObject *s = const_cast<QObject *>(sender);QObject *r = const_cast<QObject *>(receiver);QOrderedMutexLocker locker(signalSlotLock(sender),signalSlotLock(receiver));if (type & Qt::UniqueConnection && slot && QObjectPrivate::get(s)->connections.loadRelaxed()) {//使得每个连接都是UniqueConnection，和QT4类似QObjectPrivate::ConnectionData *connections = QObjectPrivate::get(s)->connections.loadRelaxed();if (connections->signalVectorCount() > signal_index) {const QObjectPrivate::Connection *c2 = connections->signalVector.loadRelaxed()->at(signal_index).first.loadRelaxed();while (c2) {if (c2->receiver.loadRelaxed() == receiver && c2->isSlotObject && c2->slotObj->compare(slot)) {slotObj->destroyIfLastRef();return QMetaObject::Connection();}c2 = c2->nextConnectionList.loadRelaxed();}}type = static_cast<Qt::ConnectionType>(type ^ Qt::UniqueConnection);}std::unique_ptr<QObjectPrivate::Connection> c{new QObjectPrivate::Connection};//创建一个Connection，和QT4类似c->sender = s;c->signal_index = signal_index;QThreadData *td = r->d_func()->threadData;td->ref();c->receiverThreadData.storeRelaxed(td);c->receiver.storeRelaxed(r);c->slotObj = slotObj;//区别，这里使用的是基类QSlotObjectBase和子类QSlotObject来填充connection结构，其余的和QT4类似c->connectionType = type;c->isSlotObject = true;if (types) {c->argumentTypes.storeRelaxed(types);c->ownArgumentTypes = false;}QObjectPrivate::get(s)->addConnection(signal_index, c.get());QMetaObject::Connection ret(c.release());locker.unlock();QMetaMethod method = QMetaObjectPrivate::signal(senderMetaObject, signal_index);Q_ASSERT(method.isValid());s->connectNotify(method);return ret;
}

上述两段代码和QT4基本相同，都是计算信号的绝对序号，然后创建信号的connectionlist并添加，和QT4不同的是，connection的采用的是基类QSlotObjectBase和子类QSlotObject来填充connection结构，而不是直接使用函数指针

QSlotObjectBase和QSlotObject的定义在qobjectdefs_impl.h中

class QSlotObjectBase {QAtomicInt m_ref;// don't use virtual functions here; we don't want the// compiler to create tons of per-polymorphic-class stuff that// we'll never need. We just use one function pointer.typedef void (*ImplFn)(int which, QSlotObjectBase* this_, QObject *receiver, void **args, bool *ret);//函数指针const ImplFn m_impl;protected:enum Operation {Destroy,Call,Compare,NumOperations};public:explicit QSlotObjectBase(ImplFn fn) : m_ref(1), m_impl(fn) {}inline int ref() noexcept { return m_ref.ref(); }inline void destroyIfLastRef() noexcept{ if (!m_ref.deref()) m_impl(Destroy, this, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr); }inline bool compare(void **a) { bool ret = false; m_impl(Compare, this, nullptr, a, &ret); return ret; }inline void call(QObject *r, void **a)  { m_impl(Call,    this, r, a, nullptr); }protected:~QSlotObjectBase() {}private:Q_DISABLE_COPY_MOVE(QSlotObjectBase)};// implementation of QSlotObjectBase for which the slot is a pointer to member function of a QObject// Args and R are the List of arguments and the returntype of the signal to which the slot is connected.template<typename Func, typename Args, typename R> class QSlotObject : public QSlotObjectBase{typedef QtPrivate::FunctionPointer<Func> FuncType;Func function;static void impl(int which, QSlotObjectBase *this_, QObject *r, void **a, bool *ret){switch (which) {case Destroy://delete static_cast<QSlotObject*>(this_);break;case Call:FuncType::template call<Args, R>(static_cast<QSlotObject*>(this_)->function, static_cast<typename FuncType::Object *>(r), a);break;case Compare:*ret = *reinterpret_cast<Func *>(a) == static_cast<QSlotObject*>(this_)->function;break;case NumOperations: ;}}public:explicit QSlotObject(Func f) : QSlotObjectBase(&impl), function(f) {}//QSlotObject的构造函数将槽函数的地址传入并初始化function，使得能正确调用对应的槽函数};

如果使用虚函数，每个实例都需要创建一个虚拟表，该表不仅包含指向虚拟函数的指针，而且还包含许多我们不需要的信息，这将导致大量多余的数据。所以，将QSlotObjectBase设置为普通类。QSlotObject的构造函数将槽函数的地址传入并初始化function，使得能正确调用对应的槽函数

参考

Qt5.14源码

https://qtguide.ustclug.org/

https://woboq.com/blog/how-qt-signals-slots-work-part2-qt5.html

欢迎大家评论交流，作者水平有限，如有错误，欢迎指出

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