python语言教程-Python语言教程手册

Python语言教程手册

Python是什么?

解释性语言

多范式

介绍

命令后>>>python

Python 2.7.3 (default, Aug 1 2012, 05:14:39)

[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

>>> print "Let's learn Python"

Let's learn Python

Numbers

>>> 23 + 43

>>> 23 - 45

-22

>>> 23 * 45

1035

>>> 23 ** 4

279841

>>> 23 / 4

>>> 23 / 4.0

5.75

>>> 7 % 2

表达式

>>> 3 < 2

False

>>> 3 > 2

True

>>> 3 > 2 < 1

False

>>> (3 > 2) and (2 < 1)

False

>>> 3 > 2 > 1 > 0

True

>>> (3 > 2) and (2 > 1) and (1 > 0)

True

>>> 1 or 2

>>> 2 or 1

>>> 1 + 2 + 3 * 4 + 5

1 + 2 + 3 * 4 + 5

↓

3 + 3 * 4 + 5

↓

3 + 12 + 5

↓

15 + 5

↓

>>> "python" > "perl"

True

>>> "python" > "java"

True

变量

>>> a = 23

>>> print a

>>> a = "Python"

>>> print a

Python

自己动手看看输出什么？

True = False

False = True

print True, False

print 2 > 3

并行分配

>>> language, version = "Python", 2.7

>>> print language, version

Python 2.7

>>> x = 23

>>> y = 20

>>> x, y = x, x + y

>>> print x, y

23 43

变量交换

>>> x = 12

>>> y = 21

>>> x, y = y, x

>>> print x, y

21 12

>>>

String字符串

>>> language = "Python"

>>> print language

Python

>>> language = 'Python'

>>> print language

Python

>>> language = """Python"""

>>> print language

Python

>>> description = """Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability.

... It is an expressive language which provides language constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

... Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming styles.

... """

>>> print description

Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability.

It is an expressive language which provides language constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming styles.

>>>

条件

写一个程序发现两个数字中最大的

>>> a = 12

>>> b = 23

>>> if a > b:

... print "a is greater than b"

... else:

... print "b is greater than a"

...

b is greater than a

>>> if a > 0:

... print "a is positive"

... elif a == 0:

... print "a is zero"

... elif a < 0:

... print "a is negative"

...

a is positive

数据结构

List

List是异质数据类型integer, float, string的集合

>>> a = [1, 2, 3]

>>> b = ["Python", 2.73, 3]

>>> len(a)

>>> len(b)

>>> a[0]

>>> a[-1]

>>> b[2]

>>> [1, 2] + [3, 4]

[1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> all = [a, b]

>>> all[0]

[1, 2, 3]

>>> all[-1]

['Python', 2.73, 3]

>>> all[3]

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

IndexError: list index out of range

>>> all.append("Bangalore")

>>> all

[[1, 2, 3], ['Python', 2.73, 3], 'Bangalore']

>>> del all[-1]

>>> all

[[1, 2, 3], ['Python', 2.73, 3]]

>>> all[1] = "insert"

>>> all

[[1, 2, 3], 'insert']

>>> all

[[1, 2, 3], 'insert']

>>> 'insert' in all

True

>>> range(10)

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> range(10, 2)

[]

>>> range(10, 0, -1)

[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

>>> range(0, 12, 1)

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]

range() -> `range([start,] stop[, step]) -> list of integers`

Slicing切片

>>> l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

>>> l[:2] #first two elements

[1, 2]

>>> l[2:] #exclude first two elements

[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

>>> l[::2] #every second element

[1, 3, 5, 7]

>>> l[::1] #every element

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

>>> l[::3] #every third element

[1, 4, 7]

>>> l[::10] #every tenth element

[1]

>>> l[::-1]

[7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

访问LIST元素

>>> for item in all:

... print item

...

[1, 2, 3]

insert

>>> for number in range(10):

... print number

...

发现0 to 9的偶数

>>> for number in range(0, 10):

... if number % 2:

... print number

...

内置函数 functions

>>> help([])

>>> min([1, 2, 3])

>>> max([1, 2, 3])

>>> sum([1, 2, 3])

>>> pow(2, 3)

编写程序，它接受一个数字作为输入，如果能被3，5整除，打印Fizz, Buzz, FizzBuzz 。

import sys

if __name__ == "__main__":

if len(sys.argv) == 2:

number = int(sys.argv[1])

if number % 15 == 0:

print "FizzBuzz"

elif number % 3 == 0:

print "Fizz"

elif number % 5 == 0:

print "Buzz"

else:

print number

else:

print "python filename.py 23 is the format"

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